Therapeutic effects of Qiliqiangxin capsule on heart failure in aging rats after acute myocardial infarction / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of QiliQiangXin Capsules on ventricular remodeling and cardiac contraction and relaxation function in aging rats with heart failure following myocardial infarction.Methods:From August 2022 to August 2023, a total of 30 old rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-operated group, model group, and treatment group, with 10 rats in each group selected through a digital lottery method.The model and treatment groups were created by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery.The rats in the treatment group received daily administration of Astragalosa hebecarpa Drabanemerosa Strong Heart Capsule(1.0 g/kg)via gavage after 4 weeks.After the 4-week drug administration period, echocardiography was performed to measure various parameters including left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter(LVIDd), left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter(LVIDs), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular anterior wall myocardial thickness(LVAWd), mitral valve early diastolic peak flow velocity(E peak), and early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus(e peak)detected by tissue Doppler(TDI). The E/e value was calculated based on these measurements.Additionally, serum levels of B-type brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was employed to observe the morphological changes in myocardial tissue.Results:Compared to rats in the model group, rats in the treatment group exhibited lower left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole(LVIDd)(9.1±0.6 mm vs.11.4±0.8 mm, P<0.01), lower left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole(LVIDs)(5.9±0.8 mm vs.8.7±0.9 mm, P<0.01), lower E/e ratio(13.4±2.0 vs.16.3±2.8, P<0.05), higher left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)(68.8±7.1% vs.52.0±8.4%, P<0.01), and elevated left ventricular anterior wall thickness at end-diastole(LVAWd)(1.5±0.2 mm vs.1.2±0.3 mm, P<0.05). In addition, compared to rats in the model group, the treatment group showed a decrease in brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)(0.26±0.04 μg/L vs.0.34±0.05 μg/L, P<0.01), decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)(3697.0±857.7 μg/L vs.4719.5±703.5 μg/L, P<0.01), decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)(87.3±13.8 μg/L vs.116.5±9.6 μg/L, P<0.01), decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)(165.3±36.9 μg/L vs.269.8±35.0 μg/L, P<0.01), and lower TNF-α levels(165.3±36.9 μg/L vs.269.8±35.0 μg/L, P<0.01). Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining revealed that the treatment group had less severe cardiac myocyte arrangement disorder and inflammatory reaction compared to the model group. Conclusions:Qiliqiangxin Capsules were found to effectively delay ventricular remodeling and improve myocardial contraction and relaxation function in aging rats with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction.

Research progress on the correlation between Helicobacter pylori and ocular diseases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Helicobacter pylori is a common gram-negative bacterium, which is associated with a variety of gastroenteric diseases, such as gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Recent studies suggested a potential role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of common ocular diseases, such as central serous chorioretinopathy, glaucoma, anterior uveitis and ocular adnexal lymphoma. Helicobacter pylori might affect the pathophysiological process of ocular diseases through oxidative damage, circulatory disorders and immune injury. Some studies also suggested that eradication of Helicobacter pylori had certain effects on some ocular diseases. This review aims to summarize current evidence of the Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of common ocular diseases, so as to encourage innovative approaches in the prevention and treatment of these ocular diseases.

Genetic Subtypes and Pretreatment Drug Resistance in the Newly Reported Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Aged≥50 Years Old in Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

Research on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in neurovascular unit impairment of diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a neurovascular disease caused by the neurovascular unit(NVU)impairment. Immune imbalance and inflammation are key factors that affect the normal function of NVU and lead to the progression of DR. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is indicated as an important component of the inflammatory response, and it can identify endogenous danger signals, leading to the activation of caspase-1 and then activating a series of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Early activation of inflammasome maintains and promotes innate immunity against bacterial and viral infections, while excessive inflammasome activation results in excessive expression and ongoing action of inflammatory proteins, which in turn triggers off immune disorders and an inflammatory cascade that seriously harms the body. This review summarizes the recent research progress on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in NVU impairment of DR, including the related drugs targeting NLRP3 pathways.

Clinical characteristics of 42 children with focal atrial tachycardia originated from the right atrial appendage / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the feature and treatment of atrial tachycardia (AT) originated from right atrial appendage (RAA) in children. Methods: The data of 42 children with AT originated from RAA, who were admitted the First Hospital of Tsinghua University from January 2010 to September 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical characteristics, treatment and efficacy were analyzed. The children were divided into tachycardia cardiomyopathy group and normal cardiac function group. The differences in the ablation age and the heart rate during AT between two groups were compared by independent sample t-test. Results: Among 42 children, there were 20 males and 22 females. The age of onset was 2.7 (0.6, 5.1) years. Their age at radiofrequency ablation was (6.5±3.6) years, and the weight was (23.4±10.0) kg. Thirty-two children (76%) had sustained AT. The incidence of tachycardia cardiomyopathy was 43% (18/42). Compared to that of the normal cardiac function group, the ablation age and the heart rate at atrial tachycardia of the tachycardia cardiomyopathy group were higher ((8.1±3.8) vs. (5.3±3.1) years, t=-2.63, P=0.012; (173±41) vs. (150±30) beats per minute, t=-2.05, P=0.047. Thirty-eight children (90%) responded poorly to two or more antiarrhythmic drugs. The immediate success rate of radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) was 57% (24/42), and the AT recurrence rate was 17% (4/24). Twenty-two children underwent RAA resection, and their AT were all converted to sinus rhythm after the surgery. During the RAA resection, 10 cases of right atrial appendage aneurysm were found, 9/18 of which failed the RFCA. Conclusions: The AT originated from the RAA in children tend to present with sustained AT, respond poorly to antiarrhythmic drugs, and has a low success rate of RFCA as well as high recurrence rate. Resection of the RAA is a safe and effective complementary treatment.

Clinical observation of virtual reality technology combined with isokinetic strength training for patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore application value and effectiveness of virtual reality technology combined with isokinetic muscle strength training in the rehabilitation of patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery.@*METHODS@#Forty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery from December 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to treatment methods, 20 patients in each group. Control group was received routine rehabilitation training combined with isokinetic muscle strength training, including 15 males and 5 females, aged from 17 to 44 years old, with an average of (29.10±8.60) years old. Observation group was performed virtual reality technology combined with isokinetic muscle strength training, including 16 males and 4 females, aged from 17 to 45 years old with an average of (30.95±9.11) years old. Lysholm knee joint score, knee extension peak torque, and knee flexion peak torque between two groups at 12 (before training) and 16 weeks (after training) after surgery were compared.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 1 to 6 months with an average of (3.30±1.42) months. There were no statistically significant difference in Lysholm knee joint score, peak knee extension peak torque, and peak knee flexion peak torque between two groups (P>0.05) before training. After training, Lysholm knee joint score, knee extension peak torque, and knee flexion peak torque of both groups were improved compared to before training (P<0.05);there were significant difference in Lysholm knee joint score, knee extension peak torque, and knee flexion peak torque between two groups(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of virtual reality technology combined with isokinetic muscle strength training could promote recovery of knee joint function and enhance muscle strength in patients after ACL reconstruction surgery in further.

Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with convolutional neural network on narrowband imaging / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the convolutional neural network（CNN） in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma using endoscopic narrowband imaging. Methods:A total of 834 cases with nasopharyngeal lesions were collected from the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between 2014 and 2016. We trained the DenseNet201 model to classify the endoscopic images, evaluated its performance using the test dataset, and compared the results with those of two independent endoscopic experts. Results:The area under the ROC curve of the CNN in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 0.98. The sensitivity and specificity of the CNN were 91.90% and 94.69%, respectively. The sensitivity of the two expert-based assessment was 92.08% and 91.06%, respectively, and the specificity was 95.58% and 92.79%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the diagnostic accuracy of CNN and the expert-based assessment （P=0.282, P=0.085）. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the accuracy in discriminating early-stage and late-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma（P=0.382）. The CNN model could rapidly distinguish nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign lesions, with an image recognition time of 0.1 s/piece. Conclusion:The CNN model can quickly distinguish nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign nasopharyngeal lesions, which can aid endoscopists in diagnosing nasopharyngeal lesions and reduce the rate of nasopharyngeal biopsy.

Inhibitory effect of methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy combined with berberine on Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with berberine on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g). Methods:P.g was cultured until the middle to late log phase, and methylene blue was added to P.g suspension at different mass concentrations for 5 min, and a laser (wavelength 660 nm, power 140 mW/cm 2) was irradiated for 2 min to find the optimal concentration of methylene blue combined with the laser for in vitro inhibition of P.g. The effect of methylene blue mediated PDT on the in vitro inhibition of P.g and the effect of berberine on the growth curve of P.g were observed. The inhibitory effect of methylene blue mediated PDT and berberine on P.g was investigated by successive combined applications. The effect of methylene blue mediated PDT on P.g morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The absorption peaks of each component were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results:The best inhibition was achieved at a methylene blue mass concentration of 24.414 1 μg/ml under 660 nm laser excitation. The differences were statistically significant in both the methylene blue and PDT groups compared with the control group (all P<0.001). 0.05 mg/ml berberine had an inhibitory effect on the planktonic bacteria of P.g. After P.g was treated with methylene blue mediated PDT, the bacterial cell walls were crumpled into clusters. Compared with the control group, the number of colonies was reduced in the 0.05 mg/ml berberine group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The difference between the 0.05 mg/ml berberine + light group and the control group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). When PDT was combined with berberine, there was a synergistic inhibitory effect on P.g. PDT followed by berberine shows a better inhibitory effect on bacteria, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). After the berberine treatment, the bacterial surface became smooth, and the length of the bacterial body increased compared with the control group. Conclusions:Methylene blue mediated PDT has an inhibitory effect on P.g. When combined with berberine, it has a synergistic inhibitory effect on P.g., and the inhibition effect is better when PDT is applied first and then berberine is applied in combination.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of middle-aged and elderly in-patients with acute decompensated and mid-range ejection fraction heart failure in the medical alliance setting / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and the risk of major adverse cardiac events within 1 year of middle-aged and elderly in-patients with acute decompensated and mid-range ejection fraction heart failure(HF)in the medical alliance setting.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted among a total of 180 in-patients with acute decompensated heart failure in Cardiovascular Hexi Hospital Consulting Area of Tianjin Chest Hospital.According to ejection fraction measured by echocardiogram, the in-patients were classified into three groups: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)group(n=70, 38.9%), HFmEF group(n=50, 27.8%), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)group(n=60, 33.3%). Clinical feature and 1-year prognosis between different groups were compared.Results:Univariate Cox regression analysis of 1-year all-cause death and cardiovascular death showed that there was no significant difference between HFrEF group and HFmEF group, HFpEF group and HFmEF group(all P>0.05); 1-year readmission analysis of heart failure showed that 47.1%(33 cases)of HFrEF group was higher than 24.0%(12 cases)of HFmEF group, 48.3%(29 cases)of HFpEF group was higher than HFmEF group( HR=2.307, 2.368, 95% CI: 0.187-4.480, 1.207-4.644, respectively, all P<0.05); The major 1-year cardiovascular events were 57.1%(40 cases)higher in the HFrEF group than 34.0%(17 cases)in the HFmEF group( HR=2.053, 95% CI: 0.187-4.408, P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the 1-year risk of major cardiovascular events was significantly different between HFmEF group and HFpEF group( HR=0.477, 95% CI: 0.241-0.941, P< 0.05). Pulmonary heart disease( P< 0.05), atrial flutter and/or atrial fibrillation( P< 0.01), New York Cardiology class Ⅳ( P< 0.01)were risk factors for death.Hypertension and cor pulmonale were the risk factors for readmission in patients with heart failure(all P< 0.01). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of inpatients with HFmEF in the medical alliance setting tended to be consistent with those with HFrEF, while the feature of ischemic heart disease was more prominent in HFmEF.The 1-year risk of heart failure readmission in HFmEF group was significantly lower than that in HFpEF and HFrEF group, and the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality at 1 year was not significantly different among the three groups.

Progress in research of HIV transmission network analysis methods and metrics / 中华流行病学杂志

HIV transmission network analysis plays a significant role in the precise prevention and control of AIDS. The current studies inferred the HIV transmission networks mainly based on the social network methods and molecular network methods and interpret the structural characteristics using individual-level and network-level metrics. To provide references for further researches, we summarized the principles, advantages or disadvantages, and application of HIV transmission network analysis methods and metrics in this paper.

Efficacy and influencing factors of Propafenone in acute treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of Propafenone in terminating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in children and analyze the factors influencing the effectiveness.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 169 PSVT children treated with Propafenone in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, the First Hospital of Tsinghua University from September 2014 to October 2021.There were 118 boys and 51 girls with an average age of (2.84±2.91) years (age range: 14 days-13 years). According to age, they were divided into ≤ 1-year-old group, >1-3-year-old group, >3-7-year-old group, and >7-year-old group.Mea-surement data were compared between groups using t-test and Mann- Whitney U test.Counting data were analyzed by χ2 test. Results:Among the 169 children with PSVT, 65 cases (38.5%) were below 1 year old, 47 cases (27.8%) were >1-3 years old, 40 cases (23.7%) were >3-7 years old, 17 cases (10.1%) were above 7 years old.About 24 cases (14.2%) were combined with congenital heart disease.A total of 153 cases (90.5%) had nonspecific symptoms at the first visit.A total of 4.1% (7/169 cases) were complicated with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, and their left ventricular ejection fraction increased from (44.0±4.0)% to (53.7±6.9)% after successful control of PSVT ( t=-4.700, P=0.003). The complete termination of PSVT by intravenous Propafenone was achieved in 125 of 169 cases (74.0%, 125/169 cases). The complete termination rate after multiple times of administration (74.0%) was significantly higher than that after the first intravenous injection (53.3%, 90/169 cases) ( χ2=15.657, P<0.001). There was a significant difference regarding the complete termination rate between children ≤1 year old (60.0%, 39/65 cases) and those >1 year old (82.7%, 86/104 cases) ( χ2=10.696, P=0.001). For children ≤1 year old, 1.5 mg/kg Propafenone (51.1%, 23/45 cases) showed better efficacy for PSVT termination than 1.0 mg/kg Propafenone (20.0%, 4/20 cases) ( χ2=5.519, P=0.019). For children >1 year old, there was no significant diffe-rence between 1.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg Propafenone groups (57.9% vs.62.1%) ( χ2=0.180, P=0.671). The adverse reaction rate of intravenous Propafenone was 9.5% (16/169 cases). One case presented with severe hypotension, which occurred in a child with right cardiac insufficiency with tricuspid valve depression; 15 cases showed abnormal cardiac conduction and recovered spontaneously in a short time.There was no deterioration of cardiac function in children with mildly to moderately reduced cardiac function. Conclusions:It is relatively safe and effective to terminate PSVT in children with intravenous Propafenone.The complete termination rate is 74.0%, which is related to age, dose and times of administration.Despite of low incidence of side effects, Propafenone should not be used to treat PSVT with cardiac function which is significantly impaired or unclear secondary to persistent tachycardia.Special attention should be paid to cardiac function deterioration in these patients.

The value of combined measurement of soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in peripheral blood in evaluating the prognosis of elderly patients with heart failure / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of measuring soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein(sST2), interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα)as individual parameters or as a test panel in the prognosis of elderly patients with heart failure.Methods:A total of 128 elderly patients with heart failure hospitalized at the Cardiology Department of the Medical Alliance of Chest Hospital and Hexi Hospital between April 2019 and April 2020 were retrospectively selected.Based on heart failure readmissions, all-cause deaths and cardiovascular death events within a one-year follow-up, the patients were divided into a good prognosis group(n=60)and a poor prognosis group(n=68).The general condition and routine laboratory examination test results were recorded.At admission, blood samples were taken to measure sST2, IL-6 and TNFα.The individual parameters, combinations of two parameters and the combination of all three parameters were used to draw receiver operating characteristic curves(ROCs)and their value in evaluating the prognosis of heart failure patients was analyzed.Results:In the poor prognosis group, sST2, IL-6 and TNFα levels were(29.4±7.7)mg/L, (23.1±45.7)ng/L and(30.9±82.1)ng/L, respectively, higher than those in the good prognosis group[(25.0±9.1)mg/L, (22.5±49.1)ng/L, (13.5±22.3)ng/L, t=2.42, -2.32, -2.37, all P<0.05)].The area under ROC(AUC)values of sST2, IL-6 and TNFα were 0.636, 0.619 and 0.622, respectively(all P>0.05).The specificity of sST2(56.7%)was higher than that of IL-6(51.7%)and of TNFα(46.7%), and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05).The sensitivity of TNFα(80.9%)was higher than that of sST2(64.7%)and of IL-6(79.4%), and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05); As the combinations of two parameters, the predictive power of the sST2+ TNFα combination was higher than that of the other two combinations, based on AUC values(both P<0.05).The AUC and specificity of the sST2+ IL-6+ TNFα combination were higher than those of any two-parameter combination(both P<0.05). Conclusions:The combined detection of sST2+ IL-6+ TNFα has a good performance in predicting the one-year prognosis of elderly patients with heart failure and can be easily implemented in clinical practice.

Investigation on Mechanism of Jianzhong Bushen Xiaozheng Decoction Against Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Regulating Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway by MiRNA-139 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Jianzhong Bushen Xiaozheng decoction in regulating the effect of miRNA139 on Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin signaling pathway for renal interstitial fibrosis. Method:The 120 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group， unilateral ureteral obstruction （UUO） group， Jianzhong Bushen Xiaozheng decoction low， middle， high dose group， and Niaoduqing group. The UUO animal model was established to observe the morphological changes in mice. Intragastic administration was started from day 3 after modeling. The sham operation group and UUO group received the same amount of distilled water every day. The low， medium and high-dose groups received Jianzhong Bushen Xiaozheng decoction solution at 6，12，24 g·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively. The Niaoduqing group received 6.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 Niaoduqing granule solution. After 14 d and 21 d， 28 d ， the morphological changes， general signs and renal interstitial fibrosis index of the obstructed side were observed， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of renal tissue. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） method was used to detect the miRNA-139 expression in renal tissue volume， Western blot was used to detect expression of beta serial proteins （<italic>β</italic>-catenin） and fibrinolytic enzyme activators inhibitor-1 （PAI-1） in renal tissues， and immunohistochemical assay was used for detection of matrix metalloproteinases-7 （MMP-7） protein expression at the obstruction side. Result:After 14， 21 and 28 days， the expression levels of <italic>β</italic>-catenin and PAI-1 in UUO group were higher than those in sham operation group（<italic>P</italic><0.05），while the expression levels of miRNA139 and MMP-7 protein were lower than those of sham operation group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The expression levels of <italic>β</italic>-catenin and PAI-1 proteins in mice after treatment in Niaoduqing group and the traditional Chinese medicine groups were lower than those in the UUO group（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of miRNA139 and MMP-7 proteins increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the efficacy of high-dose Jianzhong Bushen Xiaozheng decoction group was better than that of other dosage groups or Niaoduqing group（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Jianzhong Bushen Xiaozheng decoction may regulate miRNA139 to mediate the process of renal interstitial fibrosis through the Wnt/ <italic>β</italic>-catenin pathway and delay the development of renal interstitial fibrosis to improve renal function.

Expression and clinical correlation of casein kinase 1γ2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To explore the role of casein kinase 1 gamma 2 (CSNK1G2) in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC).Methods:Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), LinkedOmics and UALCAN were used to analyze the relationship among the mRNA expression of CSNK1G2, methylation, copy number variation and clinical indicators in HNSC, as well as to analysis CSNK1G2 related co-expression genes and proteins. The expression of CSNK1G2 in HNSC was verified by RT-qPCR experiments of clinical samples. Protein interaction network analysis on CSNK1G2 expression-related proteins was performed using STRING database.Results:UALCAN analysis showed that the expression of CSNK1G2 mRNA in HNSC was higher than that in normal tissues ( P<0.001), and the expression of CSNK1G2 mRNA was up-regulated in lower differentiation and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-positive HNSC (all P<0.05). But in HNSC with different pathological stages, different age stages and different lymph node metastasis stages (N stage), there was no difference in the amount of CSNK1G2 mRNA expression (all P>0.05). The RT-qPCR experiment confirmed the increased expression of CSNK1G2 mRNA in HNSC. LinkedOmincs analysis results showed that CSNK1G2 mRNA expression was positively correlated with CSNK1G2 copy number variation ( P<0.001) and negatively correlated with methylation ( P<0.001). Survival analysis results showed that high CSNK1G2 mRNA expression and copy number mutations predicted better survival ( P=0.033, P=0.015), while methylation levels were not associated with survival ( P=0.458). Gene set enrichment analysis results showed that CSNK1G2-related co-expression genes were mainly in DNA replication. The STRING's protein interaction network analysis results showed that TP53, CHEK1, and CHEK2 may be key proteins. These proteins are significantly associated with high expression levels of CSNK1G2. Conclusions:CSNK1G2 may cooperate with TP53, CHEK1 and CHEK2 related proteins to promote the development of HNSC and tumor proliferation, but does not affect the metastasis and spread of HNSC. An increase in the expression of CSNK1G2 in HNSC may indicate a better survival prognosis.

Evaluation of adenosine triphosphate in emergency cardioversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in terminating paro-xysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in children and the correlation between its efficacy, age and dose.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, efficacy and adverse effects of intravenous ATP in 120 children who had received ATP emergency cardioversion among 1 488 children with PSVT hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Center, First Hospital of Tsinghua University from September 2014 to November 2019.There were 80 boys and 40 girls with the age of (3.50±3.66) years (25 d-15 years). As for the group comparison, the measurement data was subject to the independent samples t test and Mann- Whitney U test; the enumeration data was subject to χ2 test. Results:Among the 120 children with PSVT, there were 42 cases (35.0%) <1 year old, and 24 cases(20.0%) combined with congenital heart disease.There were 8.3% of them (10/120 cases) suffering from tachycardiomyopathy (TCM) secondary to PSVT, whose LVEF increased from (32.70±11.69)% to (40.50±11.63)% after successful control of PSVT ( t=-3.647, P=0.005). The complete termination of PSVT by intravenous ATP was achieved in 53 of 120 cases (44.2%). ATP was given at 0.3 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg in dose, and the significant effective rate was 56.5%(13/23 cases), 36.4%(32/88 cases) and 0, respectively, which showed that there was a significant difference in the therapeutic effect between different dose groups ( χ2=10.058, P=0.007). There was a significant difference regarding the complete termination rate between children <1 year old and those ≥1 year old [31.0%(13/42 cases) vs.51.3%(40/78 cases), χ2=4.575, P=0.032]. For refractory PSVT, the intravenous ATP was performed based on the absence of cardioversion with continuous pumping of other antiarrhythmic drugs, which achieved a significantly complete termination rate of 55.6% (10/18 cases). The rate of ATP adverse reactions was 2.5%(3/120 cases), presented with sinus arrest in children >1 year old with the dose of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg. Conclusions:It was relatively safe and effective to terminate PSVT in children with ATP, which was related to dose and age.For refractory PSVT, ATP can be intravenously pushed on the basis of continuous pumping of other antiarrhythmic drugs, which can achieve a higher complete termination rate.

Risk factors for cardiac events in children with long QT syndrome: a single-center study / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors for cardiac events like recurrent syncope and fatal events in children with long QT syndrome (LQTS).Methods:A retrospective review involving 69 children with LQTS with the age of (7.6±4.2) years (43 male patients, 26 female patients) admitted in the Heart Center, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, First Hospital of Tsinghua University from August 2013 to March 2019 was conducted.Medical history, surface electrocardiogram, Doppler echocardiography and screening results of pathogenic genes of each patient were analyzed.Patients were divided into cardiac event group (32 cases) and non-cardiac event group (37 cases) according to the presence or absence of cardiac events like syncope or sudden death.Differences between 2 groups were compared using the independent sample Student′s t test and Chi- square test. Results:There were 32 cases among 69 children (46.4%) had recurrent syncope, involving 2 deaths, 14 cases among 69 children (20.3%) had a positive family history and 8 cases among 69 children (11.6%) had family history of sudden death.There were 52 cases among 69 children (75.4%) had arrhythmias.Among them, 32 patients (46.4%) with ventricular arrhythmia, including 11 cases (15.9%) with torsades de pointes (TdP). Ten LQTS-associated pathogenic or pathogenic pathologic mutations were found in 53 cases among 69 children (76.8%). Children with cardiac events had a younger mean age of onset [(4.7±4.1) years vs.(7.4±3.7) years, t=-2.856, P=0.006], a longer mean corrected QT (QTc) [(529±66) ms vs.(478±52) ms, t=3.537, P=0.001] and a higher incidence of TdP (34.4% vs.0%, P<0.001) compared with those who did not have cardiac events.Pathogenic mutations of KCNQ1 and KCNH2 were more frequent in children with cardiac events (62.5% vs.18.9%, χ2=14.178, P=0.001). Conclusions:Children with LQTS are prone to cardiac events.Children with a younger onset age, a longer QTc duration, malignant ventricular tachycardia and mutations of the KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes are more frequently complicated by cardiac events.

Analysis of radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in 328 pediatric patients in a single center within 5 years / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate clinical electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in pediatric patients.Methods:A total of 328 consecutive pediatric patients with VAs and treated with RFCA in the First Hospital of Tsinghua University from January 2014 to December 2019 were recruited, involving 205 males and 123 females with the mean age of (7.8±3.9) years and the mean body weight of (32.8±17.7) kg.Their clinical electrophysiological characteristics, RFCA outcomes of different origins of VAs and complications were analyzed.Results:Among the 328 patients with the mean onset age of (5.4±4.1) years, 57.6% had frequent premature ventricular complex (PVC), 28.7% had paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 13.7% had incessant VT.A total of 38/328 cases (11.6%) VAs children were complicated with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.Except for 13 cases of non-induced VAs, among 315 cases there were 152/328 cases (46.4%) originated from the ventricular outflow tract (including 46.1% of the origination of the right ventricular outflow tract septum, 27.6% of the origination of the left coronary cusp, 18.4% of the origination of the right coronary cusp, and 7.9% of the origination of the right ventricular outflow tract free wall), 55/328 cases (16.5%) originated from the tricuspid valve, 54/328 cases (17.4%) originated from the left posterior fascicle, 39/328 cases (11.9%) originated from the left posterior papillary muscle, 5/328 cases (1.5%) originated from multi-origin VAs, 3/328 cases (0.9%) originated from the left anterior fascicle, and 7/328 cases (2.1%) originated from other origins.Among 307/328 cases (93.6%) VAs patients receiving RFCA, 271/307 cases (88.3%) were instantly successful, 14/307 cases (4.6%) were effectively treated and 22/307 cases (7.2%) were invalid.During the follow-up time of 3 to 36 months, there were 42/271 cases (15.5%) recurrent cases.The mean radiation time and dose were (3.2±5.8) min, and (1.4±2.6) mGy, respectively.The mean dose-area product (DAP) was (384.2±42.6) mGy·cm 2.A total of 4/328 cases (1.2%) reported perioperative vascular complication.In 20 infant patients younger than 3 years, only 1 case was not induced during procedure of RFCA, and the remaining 19 cases were performed with RFCA, including 18/19 cases (94.7%) with an instant success and 4/18 (22.2%) recurrent cases during follow-up.There were 1/20 case (5.0%) had perioperative vascular complication caused by vascular puncture.No serious complications, such as myocardial perforation, cardiac tamponade and atrioventricular block were reported. Conclusions:The right ventricular outflow tract septum is the most common origin of the idiopathic VAs in pediatric patients.VAs originated from the ventricular outflow tract and tricuspid valve usually have an acceptable outcome following ablation.The recurrent rate is high following ablation in VAs cases originated from the left ventricular fascicle and posterior papillary muscle.RFCA is safe and effective for drug resistant or intolerant VAs in infants, but the surgical indications should be strictly mastered and operated by experienced pediatric electrophysiologists.The radiation dose of RFCA can be limited in a safe range under the guidance of the 3-dimensional mapping system.

Influence of electroacupuncture on the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in the spinal injured area of the rats with acute spinal cord injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 in the rats with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the potential effect mechanism of EA in treatment of acute SCI.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. a sham-operation group, a model group, an AMPA antagonist (DNQX) group, an EA group and a DNQX+EA group, 16 rats in each group. The modified Allen's impacting method was adopted to prepare the rat model of acute SCI at T@*RESULTS@#Compared to the sham-operation group in 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after modeling, the BBB scores were all significantly decreased in the model group (@*CONCLUSION@#The intervention with EA at "Dazhui" and "Mingmen" promotes the repair of the injured nerve in the spinal anterior horn probably through inhibiting GluR1 expression in the spinal injured area in the rats with acute SCI.

Therapeutic effects of noninvasive ventilation on heart failure after acute myocardial infarction in rats / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of noninvasive ventilation on heart failure(HF)after acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in rats.Methods:A rat model of HF after AMI was established by ligation of the left ventricular branch.Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method: sham operation group, non-treatment group and noninvasive ventilation treatment group(n=30, each group). Echocardiography was performed on the third day after surgery, and parameters including left atrial diameter(LAD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness(IVS)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were recorded.Serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide 45(BNP45), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), and heat-shock protein 70(HSP70)were measured at day 3 after operation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). Morphological changes of myocardial tissue were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL).Results:Compared with the non-treatment group, LVEDD decreased[(153.9±8.1)mm/m 2vs.(164.7±10.4)mm/m 2, P<0.05]and LVEF increased[(63.9±7.6) % vs. (54.4±9.4) %, P<0.05]in the noninvasive ventilation group .Compared with the non-treatment group, serum levels of BNP45[(0.65±0.07) % vs. (0.73±0.07) μg/L, P<0.05], TNF-α(361.5±13.1) μg/L vs. (399.1±12.6) μg/L( P<0.05), MMP-2(6 892.8±530.2) μg/L vs. (7 406.0±667.5) μg/L( P<0.05)and MMP-9(143.8±5.9) μg/L vs. (151.1±8.3) μg/L( P<0.05)decreased and levels of HSP70[(1.7±0.1)μg/L vs.(1.4±0.1)μg/L, P<0.05]increased in the noninvasive ventilation group.HE staining showed focal accumulation of neutrophils in the epicardium, loss of muscle striation, disorganized cell polarity and enlarged nuclei in the non-treatment group.Meanwhile, alleviated inflammation, scattered neutrophils between cardiomyocytes and misaligned muscle striation were observed in the noninvasive ventilation group.TUNEL results showed that the myocardial apoptotic index was lower in the noninvasive ventilation group than in the non-treatment group( P<0.05). Conclusions:Noninvasive ventilation can effectively improve heart function, reduce inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with AMI-induced HF and may be an effective treatment for HF after AMI.

Clinical and prognostic analysis of accessory pathway-induced dilated cardiomyopathy after catheter ablation in children / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors after catheter ablation of accessory pathway (AP)-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children.@*Methods@#Data were collected and analyzed on 147 consecutive pediatric patients (81males and 66 females), who hospitalized in our pediatric heart center between January 2009 and August 2018 and received catheter ablation for ventricular pre-excitation (right AP). Thirty-one children were diagnosed as AP-induced DCM and 116 children with normal cardiac function served as control. Data including clinical characteristics, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, electrophysiological examination (EPS), successful ablation and follow up were analyzed.@*Results@#The median age at first examination was 3.07 (0.09, 5.83) years. The pre-hospital misdiagnosis rate was 87.1% (27/31). The incidence of the AP-induced DCM was 21.1% (31/147) and the rate of right anterior free wall accessory pathway (AP) was the highest (50.0%, 10/20). AP-induced DCM was more common in right free wall Aps (41.9%, 13/31) and right anterior free wall (32.3%, 10/31). 48.4% (15/31) cases had no supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). EPS showed that 29% (9/31) of the AP did not have retrograde conduction. The median follow-up time after successful catheter ablation was 8 (2, 36) months of AP-induced DCM group, LVDd was significantly decreased ((41.6±12.8)mm vs. (45.6±13.9)mm, P<0.01) and LVEF ((56.2±11.8)% vs. (40.8±12.5)%, P<0.01) was significantly increased after ablation. Cox regression analysis showed that LVEF was the predictor of the duration of cardiac function recovery (HR=1.08, 95%CI 1.01-1.15, P=0.03).@*Conclusions@#Misdiagnosis rate is high for children with AP-induced DCM, leading to the delayed treatment. All of the AP-induced DCM occurred in right APs and right anterior free wall APs is the highest. Right free wall APs and right anterior free wall are most common in AP-induced DCM. Catheter ablation is a safe and effective treatment option for these patients. The lower the LVEF, the longer the cardiac function recovery.