Pathologic bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance in induced sputum of infants aged from 1 to 3 months with lower respiratory tract infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the pathologic bacterial distribution and their antibiotic resistance in infants aged from 1 to 3 months with lower respiratory tract infection, so as to provide instructions for clinical application of antibiotics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Induced sputum was extracted from 622 cases of hospitalized infants aged from 1 to 3 months with lower respiratory tract infection between January 2013 and December 2013, and microbial sensitivity test was performed with agar diffusion sensitivity test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 379 (60.9%) strains of bacteria were isolated from induced sputum in the 622 infants. The Gram-negative strains were detected in 325 strains (85.8%), and the Gram-positive strains were found in 50 strains (13.2%) in the 379 strains. The others were Fungal strains (4 strains, 1.1%). The Gram-negative bacteria included Escherichia coli (31.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%), with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production of 48.3% and 52.2% respectively. The average rate of antibiotic resistance for ESBLs-producing bacteria was 53%. ESBLs-producing bacteria were highly resistant (100%) to ampicillin and cefotaxime, but sensitive to carbapenems. Staphylococcus aureus (10.0%) was the dominant bacteria in Gram-positive bacteria. A lower proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1.8%) was observed, however the resistance rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-lactam antibiotics were 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the main pathogenic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants aged from 1 to 3 months. ESBLs-producing bacteria accounted for over 48%, and the antibiotic resistance rate were more than 53% in these infants. These results provide a basis for the first empirical clinical use of antimicrobial in infants with lower respiratory tract infection.</p>

Correlation of the stress reaction and temperament in children with bronchial asthma / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between the temperament dimension and the stress reaction in children with bronchial asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between February 2008 and May 2010, two hundred and twenty children with bronchial asthma and aged from 3-7 years were enrolled (asthma group). Eighty children without asthma, respiratory tract infections, serious body diseases and mental disorders who were age- and gender-matched to the asthma group served as the control group. The Carry temperament rating scales were filled by the children's parents from the asthma and control groups. The serum levels of cortisol at 8am and 4pm and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured by immunochemiluminescent assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The scores of the rhythmicity and persistence in temperament dimensions in the asthma group were significantly lower than those in the control group; in contrast, the scores of phobotaxis, response intensity, emotion entity, adaptability and attention dispersion in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum cortisol at 8am and 4pm were lower, while the serum level of NGF was higher in the asthma group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of response intensity, emotion entity and adaptability in temperament dimensions were positively correlated with serum NGF level (r=0.348,0.468,0.195, respectively; P<0.05), and inversely correlated with serum cortisol level at 8 am (r=-0.297, -0.462, -0.152, respectively; P<0.05) in the asthma group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The temperament dimension is associated with the stress reaction in children with bronchial asthma. This provides a basis for the treatment of bronchial asthma by neuropsychological adjustment.</p>