Treatment of Recurrent Spontaneous Acute Hemarthrosis after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report

A 67-year-old woman presented with six acute recurrent hemorrhagic episodes sixteen months after primary total knee arthroplasty. Femoral angiography demonstrated a prominent vascular blush on the superolateral side of the knee joint. The patient underwent therapeutic embolization of the superior lateral geniculate artery and a muscular branch from the popliteal artery. However, neglected embolization to the lateral inferior artery induced another episode of acute hemarthrosis. Finally, open arthrotomy allowed for identification and coagulation of the focus of acute bleeding in the lateral inferior geniculate artery.