RESUMEN
Objective: To explore the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a grade three class A hospital to provide reference for rational drug use and reduction of ADRs. Methods: The new and serious ADRs reported during 2014 and 2016 were sta-tistically analyzed in terms of the report type, age, gender, administration route, drug variety and involving system. Results: The new and serious ADR reports reached to 400 cases, which accounted for 64. 52% of the total reports. Of the 400 ADR reports,there were 34. 25% distributed in the 60-74-year old. The proportion of male and female in the ADRs was basically equal, while that of male (50. 25% ) was slightly higher than that of female (49. 75% ). There were 57. 00% of ADRs caused by intravenous administration, and 31. 25% caused by anti-infective drugs, in which cephalosporins accounted for the most (32. 00% ). The most common manifesta-tion of ADR was damage to skin and its appendages, which accounted for 33. 00% , followed by the damage to gastrointestinal system (15. 50% ) and hepatorenal function (14. 00% ). Conclusion: Great attention should be paid to monitoring and reporting ADRs in our hospital, and drugs should be rationally used so as to reduce the occurrence of ADRs.
RESUMEN
This study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated HMC-1 mast cells. The cytotoxicity of kaempferol to HMC-1 mast cells were analyzed by using MTT assay and then the administration concentrations of kaempferol were established. Histamine, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA assay in activated HMC-1 mast cells after incubation with various concentrations of kaempferol (10, 20 and 40 µmol.L-1). Western blot was used to test the protein expression of p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα and nucleus NF-κB of LPS-induced HMC-1 mast cells after incubation with different concentrations of kaempferol. The optimal concentrations of kaempferol were defined as the range from 5 µmol.L-1 to 40 µmol.L-1. Kaempferol significantly decreased the release of histamine, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α of activated HMC-1 mast cells (P<0.01). After incubation with kaempferol, the protein expression of p-IKKβ, p-IKBa and nucleus NF-κB (p65) markedly reduced in LPS-stimulated HMC-1 mast cells (P<0.01). Taken together, we concluded that kaempferol markedly inhibit mast cell-mediated inflammatory response. At the same time, kaempferol can inhibit the activation of IKKβ, block the phosphorylation of IκBα, prevent NF-KB entering into the nucleus, and then decrease the release of inflammatory mediators.