Adenomatoid tumors of female genital tracts: An analysis of 195 cases / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Adenomatoid tumors of female genital tracts are benign lesions derived from mesothelium, occurring most commonly during the reproductive years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall incidence of adenomatoid tumors in Korean women and to analyze the clinical characteristics. METHODS: One hundred and ninety five patients with adenomatoid tumors were found in a retrospective medical records review of pathologic reports for 44,984 benign uterine diseases at Cheil General Hospital, from January 1995 to April 2009. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate was 0.42% of all benign uterine disease. Among them, 149 patients received hysterectomy, and 46 patients received uterine conservative surgery. Main symptoms of the patients were pain (25.1%), bleeding (30.2%), and palpable mass (18.5%). Most common associated pathologies were leiomyoma (46.6%), adenomyosis (25.1%) and endometriosis (13.1%). Most of the diagnosis was made postoperatively. Among 46 patients with conservative treatment, 13 patients showed successful pregnancy outcome. No recurrence occurred during the follow up period. CONCLUSION: Adenomatoid tumors are associated with fibroids and tend to mimic them clinically, making pre-operative diagnosis difficult. The recurrence is rare even after conservative operation. Our data about this benign neoplasm may be helpful for counseling patients after operations.

Pregnancy Outcomes after Peri-conceptional Medication Exposure; 10 Years Experience: Study for Application of Reproductive Toxicity Information / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: In Korea, pregnancy termination is frequently reported among women who took medications for an acute or chronic disease during pregnancy, for fear of teratogenic risk. We have previously shown that a service providing evidence-based information is helpful for women who week counseling to make a rational decision regarding their pregnancies. This study aimed to evaluate whether termination of pregnancy based on such perceptions, is justified using the 'DRug Exposure and risk Assessment in Moms' (DREAM) registry. METHODS: The study included 5,032 consenting pregnant women from the clinic and call center at the Korean Motherisk Program, from November 1999 to October 2008. The DREAM registry recorded the pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death, and congenital anomaly) of 3,328 women. RESULTS: Among women exposed to medications, time of exposure ranged from 3.5-4.6 weeks of gestation. There were 1,308 different drugs prescribed to these women. The drug most frequently prescribed was acetaminophen followed by chlorpheniramine maleate, and pseudoephedrine. There were 4.7% (n=156/3,328) women who underwent a voluntary abortion for fear of birth defects. We compared frequency of birth defects between exposed women and unexposed pregnant women in our institution during gestation. The frequency of major congenital malformations was 2.5% (n=74/2,977) in exposed group and 2.9% (n=75/2,573) in unexposed group (P=0.32). There was no statistically significant difference between exposed and control group in the rate of preterm births, intrauterine fetal death and low-birth weight babies. CONCLUSION: We did not observe increased risk of congenital malformations and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of pregnant women exposed to a variety of medications. Therefore these medications are not considered teratogen.

Effective Method for Extraction of Cell-Free DNA from Maternal Plasma for Non-Invasive First-Trimester Fetal Gender Determination: A Preliminary Study

PURPOSE: To find the most effective method for extraction of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) from maternal plasma, we compared a blood DNA extraction system (blood kit) and a viral DNA extraction system (viral kit) for non-invasive first-trimester fetal gender determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with maternal plasma collected from 44 women in the first-trimester of pregnancy. The cf-DNA was extracted from maternal plasma using a blood kit and a viral kit. Quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) was used to detect the SRY gene and AMEL gene. The diagnostic accuracy of the QF-PCR results was determined based on comparison with the final delivery records. RESULTS: A total of 44 women were tested, but the final delivery record was only obtained in 36 cases which included 16 male-bearing and 20 female-bearing pregnancies. For the blood kit and viral kit, the diagnostic accuracies for fetal gender determination were 63.9% (23/36) and 97.2% (35/36), respectively. CONCLUSION: In non-invasive first-trimester fetal gender determination by QF-PCR, using a viral kit for extraction of cf-DNA may result in a higher diagnostic accuracy.

Pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was done in 24 patients who were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy between January 2000 and April 2008. Patients' characteristics, risk factors, treatment methods and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy, all of these had undergone assisted reproductive technique. The mean age was 31.5 years and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was about 8 weeks. The most common etiology of infertility was tubal factor (54.2%). Four (16.7%) of the women had undergone ovulation induction, eighteen (75%) had undergone in vitro fertilization, but 2 patients (8.3%) had undergone assisted reproductive technique at other hospital and we didn't know the exact method. The most common of ectopic site was tube (75%), and 50% of ectopic sites were ruptured status at diagnosis. Three (12.5%) of 24 patients were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy after dilatation and evacuation due to missed abortion, 4 (16.7%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion, and 17 (70.8%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and living intrauterine pregnancy at the time of diagnosis. Laparotomy was done in 3 patients (12.5%) and laparoscopy was done in 21 patients (87.5%). Among 17 patients who had normal intrauterine pregnancy, 12 (70.6%) delivered singletones, 2 (11.8%) delivered twins, but 3 (17.6%) patients were lost follow up. CONCLUSION: Heterotopic pregnancy should be considered in pregnant woman with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, although confirmed normal intrauterine pregnancy using ultrasonography at early gestational age, especially if the woman have treatment history for infertility. And early diagnosis and proper management are important.

Pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was done in 24 patients who were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy between January 2000 and April 2008. Patients' characteristics, risk factors, treatment methods and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients were diagnosed as heterotopic pregnancy, all of these had undergone assisted reproductive technique. The mean age was 31.5 years and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was about 8 weeks. The most common etiology of infertility was tubal factor (54.2%). Four (16.7%) of the women had undergone ovulation induction, eighteen (75%) had undergone in vitro fertilization, but 2 patients (8.3%) had undergone assisted reproductive technique at other hospital and we didn't know the exact method. The most common of ectopic site was tube (75%), and 50% of ectopic sites were ruptured status at diagnosis. Three (12.5%) of 24 patients were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy after dilatation and evacuation due to missed abortion, 4 (16.7%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion, and 17 (70.8%) were diagnosed ectopic pregnancy and living intrauterine pregnancy at the time of diagnosis. Laparotomy was done in 3 patients (12.5%) and laparoscopy was done in 21 patients (87.5%). Among 17 patients who had normal intrauterine pregnancy, 12 (70.6%) delivered singletones, 2 (11.8%) delivered twins, but 3 (17.6%) patients were lost follow up. CONCLUSION: Heterotopic pregnancy should be considered in pregnant woman with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding, although confirmed normal intrauterine pregnancy using ultrasonography at early gestational age, especially if the woman have treatment history for infertility. And early diagnosis and proper management are important.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Gene Polymorphism (C-850T) in Korean Patients with Preeclampsia

PURPOSE: Preeclampsia is a multisystem human pregnancy-specific disorder. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is linked with over-stimulation of inflammatory cytokines by placental ischemia via reduced uterine perfusion pressure during pregnancy. Although an increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been reported in preeclamptic women, there is little evidence of a relationship between TNF-alpha gene variations and preeclampsia. In this study, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C-850T, in the TNF-alpha gene promoter region in Korean preeclamptic women and investigated the association between this SNP and the development of preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This polymorphism was analyzed in peripheral blood samples from 198 preeclamptic pregnancies and 194 normotensive pregnancies using a SNapShot kit and an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic analyzer. RESULTS: Genotypes and allele frequencies for C-850T did not differ between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. The distributions of genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were 74.3%, 22.2% and 3.5%, respectively, in preeclamptic pregnancies, and 71.6%, 25.8% and 2.6%, respectively, in normotensive pregnancies. The frequencies of the C and T alleles were 0.85 and 0.15 in preeclamptic pregnancies and 0.84 and 0.16 in normotensive pregnancies, respectively. There was no increased risk of preeclampsia in subjects with the CT (OR, 0.83; P=0.44) or TT genotypes (OR, 1.32; P=0.64). CONCLUSION: We found no differences in the genotypes or allele frequencies of the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. This study suggests that the TNF-alpha gene polymorphism may be not associated with the development of preeclampsia in pregnant Korean women.

Uterine myoma: Treatment modalities and patient preference / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features of myoma, treatment options, patient preference and to identify the clinical features which affect the management of myoma. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 577 patients who were diagnosed as uterine myoma on ultrasound exam between January 2006 and December 2006. Patients' characteristics, treatment methods and questionnaires for patient preference were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 42.3 years and 90.8% of the patients were premenopausal status. Common symptoms were pain (58.6%), bleeding (51.3%) and compression symptom (30.2%). In our study, 183 of 577 patients (31.7%) planned to have regular follow-up without treatment. Non-hormonal medical treatment was used in 27.1% and hormonal treatment was used in 41.9% of the patients. One hundred eighty-two patients underwent surgical treatment, including myomectomy (57.1%), subtotal hysterectomy (19.8%) and total hysterectomy (23.1%). Among the patients who underwent surgery, 50.6% of patients (88/174) had surgery due to compression symptom, 42.6% (126/296) due to bleeding, and 34.6% (117/338) due to pain. According to the 100 patients who answered the questionnaires, 78 patients preferred medical therapy initially, but 22 patients chose surgical treatment. When the patient was asked to choose between myomectomy and hysterectomy, 94 patients wanted myomectomy, but only 6 patients chose hysterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients diagnosed as myoma prefer medical treatment initially. Medical treatment for myoma may be considered as the first line treatment for pain and bleeding symptoms before proceeding to surgical treatment.

Midtrimester pregnancy termination with prostaglandin E1 Misoprostol compared with physician-chosen combination method; A prospective randomized trial / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of misoprostol in termination of pregnancy. MATERIALS & METHODS: 38 women who presented with indication for termination of pregnancy were assigned randomly to receive either 200 microgram of misoprostol orally every 4 hours as needed, or medication according to the our established protocol (physician-chosen combinations of Sulprostone infusion every 6 hours with vaginal PGE2 or Laminaria). Exclusion criteria were history of asthma, glaucoma, cardiac or hepatic disease, or chorioamnionitis. Unless delivery had occurred or was imminent after 24 hours with medication, the case was considered to have failed. The induction to delivery time and influencing factors were analyzed in both group using t-test, chi-square test or Fisher`s exact test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. RESULTS: The success rate of termination of pregnancy within 12 hours and 24 hours were 67% and 93% with misoprostol (n=15) versus 5% and 43% with physician-chosen combination (n=21) (p<0.05). Among 3 cases failed with misoprostol within 24 hours, two cases crossed to the alternative method after 24 hours of misoprostol, so, the 2 cases were excluded. The mean dosage and frequency of misoprostol was 540 microgram and 2.8 times. The mean induction to delivery time ( mean +/- standard deviation) with oral misoprostol (n=15) was 640+/-590 minutes versus 1670+/-750 minutes with physician-chosen combination (n=21) (p<0.001). Reanalyzed in selected cases of Bishop score

Multivariate Analysis of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome by Multiprediction Factors / 대한산부인과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate a role as over 35 years, maternal serum markers, and a false positive screen for Down syndrome were the predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. Materials and METHODS: From Mar.1994, through Feb.1996, 5284 women were screened triple test to detect Down syndrome in the second trimester and were delivered Samsung Cheil hospital. The values of each maternal serum markers were measured with radioimmunoassay. And then, the screen positive of Down syndrome was calculated using alpha-software Version 4.0. The adverse outcome of the fetus and the mother included low birth weight(LBW) ( 2.0 MoM) associated with IUFD, LBW, PIH, prematurity, and PPROM , elevated MS-hCG (>3.0 MoM) associated with IUFD, LBW, PIH, prematurity, and placenta previa, lowered uE3 (0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Some predictors such as over 35 year, elevated hCG, lowered uE3, a false positive screen for Down syndrome were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Also in multivariate analysis, we identified especially elevated AFP to be the most reliable predictor for adverse pregnancy outcome.

The Value of Increased Nuchal Translucency(NT) for the Prediction of Abnormal Pregnancy Outcome / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the NT in the first trimester associated with fetal chromosomal abnormality, fetal structural abnormality and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: From Mar. 1993 to Dec. 1997, 133 cases of increased NT were reviewed retrospectively. All these fetues were taken a karyotyping and/or a high resolution ultrasonography for associated anomaly. The NT was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography(TVS) and transabdominal ultrasonography(TAS) if difficulty was encountered with TVS in the period of the 10th-14th week of gestation. The increased NT is approved when it is over 3mm. RESULTS: Of these 133 cases, 102 cases(76.7%) revealed normal outcomes and 31 cases(23.3%) revealed abnormal outcomes such as chromosomal abnormality, structural abnormality and adverse pregnancy outcome, The mean value of NT was 3.44+/-0.68mm in the normal group and 4.93+/-2.70mm in the abnormal group, respectively. The chromosomal abnormalities were found in 16 of the 31 cases: nine Down SD, two Patau syndrome, one Tuner synrome, one triploidy, one 46, XX,i(18q), one 47,iso(Xp)/46,XX one confined placental mosaicism. In 12 cases of the 31 cases, the structural anomalies were detected. Of these 12 cases, 3 cases were eventually developed to cytsic hygroma, 3 cases were cardiac anomaly, 3 cases were renal anomaly, 1 case was congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 1 case was skeletal dysplasia and 1 case was suspected syndrome. The adverse pregnancy outcome such as intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death and preterm labor was revealed in 3 cases. In the cases of NT over 7mm, the result was 100% abnormal outcome. CONCLUSION: Increased NT in the first trimester could be a highly efficient the predictor for detection of chromosomal abnormality, structural anomaly and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Comparison of Early and Mid-Second-Trimester Amniocentesis / 대한산부인과학회잡지

We sought to determine whether early amniocentesis is a safe and acceptable method of genetic evaluation in early pregnancy. During the 20-month period from February 1994 to September 1995, 80 consecutive early amniocentesis were performed transabdominally at 12(+3)-14(+6) weeks of gestation and 305 consecutive mid-second-trimester transabdominal amniocenteses were performed at 16(+0)-18(+0) weeks of gestation. All amniotic fluid samples were cultured using flask method. There were no significant differences between the early and mid-second-trimester amniocenteses in failed sampling, ambiguous results, pregnancy loss within 4 weeks after the procedure, pregnancy loss from 4 weeks after procedure to 28 weeks of gestation, preterm birth, and perinatal death. We may conclude that early amniocentesis is a safe and acceptable method for prenatal diagnosis.

Prenatal Diagnosis and Sonographic Findings of Down Syndrome; Review of 30 Cases / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Clinical Significance of Large Placental Chorioangioma / 대한주산의학회잡지

Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical significance of large (>5cm) placental chorioangioma. Obstetrical and neonatal records which were confirmed chorioangioma in pathology and greater than 5 cm in diameter, were reviewed retrospectively from April. 1, 1991, to March. 31, 1996. 11 cases of placental chorioangioma greater than 5 cm were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography except one. I'hey were associated with maternal or fetal complications-6 cases of polyhydramnios, 2 cases of PIH, 1 case of neonatal anemia, 2 cases of preterm birth, 2 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, 1 case of cardiomegaly, 1 case of IUGR and 1 case of oligohydramnios. Nevertheless, there were not remarkable neonatal morbidity and mortality. These uncommon large tumors were often associated with maternal or fetal complications. But, we could get good neonatal outcome through thorough antenatal surveillance.

The Operation results between stanmey bladder neck suspecsion and burch retropubic colposuspension in female stress urinary incontinence / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Rapid determination of fetal Y-chromosome with polymerase chain reaction / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

A study on the changes of bone mineral density during lactation / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

A study on the changes of bone mineral density during lactation / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

The clinical significance of maternal weight adjustment in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening / 대한주산의학회잡지

No abstract available.