The Asian Sarcoma Consortium sarcoma preceptorship program: A program evaluation study utilizing the kirkpatrick model (level 1 and 2)

Background@#Sarcomas, a heterogenous group of malignancies consisting of tumors, are rarely encountered in most general oncology clinics. As a result, most general oncologists have very little experience in dealing with these tumors and resulting in poorer treatment and survival outcomes. Having successful collaborative efforts in research, the Asian Sarcoma Consortium (ASC) pioneered a Sarcoma Preceptorship Program with its main goal of increasing awareness of the multidisciplinary approach in the management of sarcomas.@*Objective@#The objective of this study is to evaluate the ASC Sarcoma Preceptorship Program using the first 2 levels of the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model: Level 1) Reaction – through using satisfaction surveys; and Level 2) Knowledge – focusing on the amount of information gained from the activity evaluated by test-retest method.@*Methods@#The 2-day preceptorship program held in Singapore utilized educational activities such as didactic lectures, multidisciplinary case discussions, and case presentations. The program was evaluated using: 1) pre-test and posttest; 2) satisfaction survey from ASC; and 3) satisfaction survey made by the sponsor, Novartis Pharma.@*Results@#The preceptorship program enrolled 30 participants, most from the Asia-Pacific region. The overall results from the satisfaction surveys were generally optimistic, with results showing high levels of satisfaction with regard to the time allotment, scope of topics, and how helpful each session was. Test results showed that participants scored lower in post-test as compared to the pre-test. Computation of the Coefficient of Test reliability showed that although the pre-test was highly reliable, this was not true of the post-test.@*Conclusions@#Based on the Level 1 evaluation, the program was successful in terms of both participant and faculty satisfaction. However, certain areas for improvement were identified and recommendations were made in order to effect improvements for future iterations of this preceptorship.

Combined fine-needle aspiration with core needle biopsy for assessing thyroid nodules: a more valuable diagnostic method?

Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with core needle biopsy (CNB) in thyroid nodules. @*Methods@#FNA and CNB were performed simultaneously on 703 nodules. We compared the proportions of inconclusive results and the diagnostic performance for malignancy among FNA, CNB, and combined FNA/CNB for different nodule sizes. @*Results@#Combined FNA/CNB showed lower proportions of inconclusive results than CNB for all nodules (2.8% vs. 5.7%, P1.0 cm (2.0% vs. 5.0 %, P1.5 cm (2.1% vs. 3.9 %, P=0.016). The sensitivity of combined FNA/CNB in predicting malignancy was significantly higher than that of CNB (89.0% vs. 80.0%, P1.5 cm, the difference between combined FNA/CNB and CNB was not significant (84.2% vs. 78.9%, P=0.500). @*Conclusion@#Regardless of nodule size, combined FNA/CNB tended to yield lower proportions of inconclusive results than CNB or FNA alone and exhibited higher performance in diagnosing malignancy. The combined FNA/CNB technique may be a more valuable diagnostic method for nodules ≤1.5 cm and nodules with a risk of malignancy than CNB and FNA alone.

Analysis of the characteristics of retracted scientific papers in the field of global liver diseases published by Chinese scholars / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of scientific papers in the field of global liver diseases published by Chinese scholars that were retracted for diverse reasons from the Retraction Watch database, so as to provide a reference to publishing-related papers. Methods: The Retraction Watch database was retrieved for retracted papers in the field of global liver disease published by Chinese scholars from March 1, 2008 to January 28, 2021. The regional distribution, source journals, reasons for retraction, publication and retraction times, and others were analyzed. Results: A total of 101 retracted papers that were distributed across 21 provinces/cities were retrieved. Zhejiang area (n = 17) had the most retracted papers, followed by Shanghai (n = 14), and Beijing (n = 11). The vast majority were research papers (n = 95). The journal PLoS One had the highest number of retracted papers. In terms of time distribution, 2019 (n = 36) had the most retracted papers. 23 papers, accounting for 8.3% of all retractions, were retracted owing to journal or publisher concerns. Liver cancer (34%), liver transplantation (16%), hepatitis (14%), and others were the main areas of retracted papers. Conclusion: Chinese scholars have a large number of retracted articles in the field of global liver diseases. A journal or publisher chooses to retract a manuscript after investigating and discovering more flawed problems, which, however, require further support, revision, and supervision from the editorial and academic circles.

Demands for contracted family doctor service among un-contracted young and middle-aged residents in Shanghai Baoshan District / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the demands of contracted family doctor service among uncontracted young and middle-aged people in Shanghai Baoshan.Methods:An online questionnaire survey on demands of contracted family doctor service was conducted in June 2021 among 702 uncontracted residents aged 18-60 years from Shanghai Baoshan district selected by stratified random sampling method. The demands of contracted family doctor service, including digital health file, routine laboratory tests and imaging investigation;health promotion;service convenience; home service were surveyed, and the factors related the demands were analyzed with regression analysis.Results:The survey showed that the demands of service convenience (3.8(3.0, 5.0)) and home service (4.0(3.0, 5.0)) were higher, while those of digital health file (3.0(2.0, 5.0)) and health promotion (3.0(2.0, 5.0)) were relatively lower. There were significant differences in the demands of all five contracted services among residents with different gender, age, education level, household register and family income (all P<0.05); while for young residents with different types of medical insurance there was significant difference in demands of all contracted services except digital health file (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that female( OR=1.83, P<0.001), high educational level( OR=4.81, P=0.019), household registered in Shanghai( OR=1.80, P=0.004)had higher demand for service convenience; female gender( OR=1.68, P=0.001), high educational level( OR=4.56, P=0.023)had higher demand for home service demands. Conclusion:The demands for contracted family doctor services are different among the uncontracted young and middle-aged people in Baoshan district, while the service convenience is generally most demanded. The study indicates that the contracted family doctor service should be provided accordingly.

Recent advances of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology in cancer targeted drug delivery system / 药学学报

The development of nanotechnology has made it possible to develop safe, efficient, precise and controllable drug delivery system (DDS). Among them, organic or inorganic synthetic nanocarriers have been widely reported and used for the delivery of tumor therapeutic agents. However, some of carriers have several problems, such as easily eliminated by the body's immune system, difficult to preparation or poor safety in vivo. In recent years, with the development of biomedicine, biomimetic technology based biomembrane-mediated nanodrug delivery has organically integrated the low immunogenicity of natural biomembrane, cancer targeting, and the controllable and multifunctional of smart nanocarrier design. It will achieve a new breakthrough of nanotechnology in cancer targeted therapy. Based on the recent advances of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology and the nanomedicine in the field of cancer therapy, this review discusses the three aspects including the experimental basis of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology, the classification of biomimetic nanodrug delivery platforms, and the application in cancer targeted therapy. Therefore, the review will provide reference for the design of smart drug delivery system and its development in cancer targeted treatment.

Radiographic features of COVID-19 based on an initial cohort of 96 patients in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Chest radiographs (CXRs) are widely used for the screening and management of COVID-19. This article describes the radiographic features of COVID-19 based on an initial national cohort of patients.@*METHODS@#This is a retrospective review of swab-positive patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to four different hospitals in Singapore between 22 January and 9 March 2020. Initial and follow-up CXRs were reviewed by three experienced radiologists to identify the predominant pattern and distribution of lung parenchymal abnormalities.@*RESULTS@#In total, 347 CXRs of 96 patients were reviewed. Initial CXRs were abnormal in 41 (42.7%) out of 96 patients. The mean time from onset of symptoms to CXR abnormality was 5.3 ± 4.7 days. The predominant pattern of lung abnormality was ground-glass opacity on initial CXRs (51.2%) and consolidation on follow-up CXRs (51.0%). Multifocal bilateral abnormalities in mixed central and peripheral distribution were observed in 63.4% and 59.2% of abnormal initial and follow-up CXRs, respectively. The lower zones were involved in 90.2% of initial CXRs and 93.9% of follow-up CXRs.@*CONCLUSION@#In a cohort of swab-positive patients, including those identified from contact tracing, we found a lower incidence of CXR abnormalities than was previously reported. The most common pattern was ground-glass opacity or consolidation, but mixed central and peripheral involvement was more common than peripheral involvement alone.

Long term results of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation for correction of myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy and stability of posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL)implantation for the correction of myopia.<p>METHODS: This retrospective non-randomized study included 107 eyes of 64 patients who were performed ICL implantation from January 2013 to December 2014. The uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, the lens vault, endothelial cell morphometry were collected preoperatively and followed at 1wk, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo and every year postoperatively.<p>RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity(LogMAR)was 0(-0.076, 0)at 1a postoperatively, and the uncorrected visual acuity 0.096(0, 0.221)decreased until last visit after the surgery. The change of visual acuity was associated with the change of axial length. The safety index was 1.19±0.24 and the efficacy index was 1.00±0.29 at the last visit postoperatively. The toric ICL implantation was stable without rotation at the last visit postoperatively. The vault of the ICL changed significantly in 1a postoperatively, but its change was smaller after 1a postoperatively. The intraocular pressure and endothelial cell morphometry did not changed significantly in long term postoperatively. Two eyes developed anterior cataract in 3a and 5a after the ICL implantation. There were no case developed pupillary block glaucoma.<p>CONCLUSION: Posterior chamber ICL implantation was a safe and stable procedure for the correction of myopia and astigmatism.

Analysis and considerations on revision of instructions for traditional Chinese medicine injections / 中国中药杂志

According to the notice on revision of the instructions for traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMIs) issued by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA) from January 2006 to May 2020, the revised contents in the instructions for 29 varieties involved in the notice were sorted out, and the existing problems in the instructions for TCMIs were analyzed, so as to provide the basis for dynamic revision of the instructions. It was found that the revised items of instructions for 29 varieties all involved adverse reactions, contraindications and precautions, and warnings were added for 82.76% of 29 TCMIs preparations, indicating that all the revised contents were related to safety issues. In addition, 33.33% of the drugs risks mentioned in the precautions were not indicated in the adverse reactions; 82.76% instructions did not indicate drug interactions; 17.24% instructions lacked medication notes for special populations; 48.28% instructions did not indicate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes of the main disease; 44.83% instructions did not indicate the type and stage of indication; and 86.21% instructions did not indicate the course of treatment. It could be concluded that the instructions for TCMIs have known risks of drugs that are not fully reflected in adverse reactions and the effective information is not comprehensive. The risk control measures proposed in the precautions need to have aftereffect evaluation and there is a lack of drug interactions and medications for special populations. As an important part of the full life-cycle management of drugs, the revision of instructions for TCMIs should be continuously improved to provide the basis for safe and reasonable application of TCMIs. Based on the above problems, it is proposed that the marketing license holder as the main body of the revision of instructions should actively carry out post-marketing basic and clinical research in accordance with the characteristics of TCM, combine the updated research with the guidance of TCM theory and improve the revision level of instructions for TCMIs to provide the basis for post-marketing evaluation.

Correlation Analysis of " Toxin Damaging Brain Collaterals" from Glymphatic System / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The collaterals are branches of the meridians and vessels system, and have the roles of connecting upper-lower and interior-exterior portions of the body, the characteristics of two-way flow in supporting the operation of Qi and blood, and the functions of material exchange and metabolism. The brain is the intersection of the Yang meridians. Crisscross brain collaterals permeate Qi and blood to enrich the brain, and spread Yang Qi, in order to warm the brain-mind, and provide material basis and source power to the " brain governing mind" . Under pathological conditions, cerebral collaterals are blocked, and toxic pathogens are endogenous, resulting in " toxin damaging brain collaterals" . This theory is not only applied to the study of stroke pathogenesis, but also extended to other encephalopathy, such as dementia, which promoted the development of the theory of pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, a " glymphatic system" was discovered in the brain, which is an exchange flow system of cerebrospinal fluid-brain interstitial fluid mediated by astrocyte. The glymphatic system transports nutrients and neuroactive substances, such as glucose, lipids, electrolytes and apolipoprotein E in the cerebrospinal fluid, to brain tissue, and also removes metabolic products (such as lactic acid), soluble proteins (such as β-amyloid protein and Tau protein) from the brain and foreign bodies, which are important liquid flow systems that maintain the homeostasis of the brain. The discovery of the glymphatic system provides a new perspective for the study of pathological mechanism of neurological diseases, and may become a new target for interventions in neurological diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. As a widely distributed cerebral metabolic waste removal way and material delivery system, the lymphatic system may be the biological foundation of " brain collateral" disease, and a cross point of understanding on " toxin impairing brain collaterals" by Western and traditional Chinese medicine. The study based on the glymphatic system will give a more rational explanation on " toxic damage to brain collaterals" .

The Asian Sarcoma Consortium Sarcoma Preceptorship Program: A program evaluation study utilizing the Kirkpatrick Model (Level 1 and 2)

Background@#Sarcomas, a heterogenous group of malignancies consisting of tumors, are rarely encountered in most general oncology clinics. As a result, most general oncologists have very little experience in dealing with these tumors and resulting in poorer treatment and survival outcomes. Having successful collaborative efforts in research, the Asian Sarcoma Consortium (ASC) pioneered a Sarcoma Preceptorship Program with its main goal of increasing awareness of the multidisciplinary approach in the management of sarcomas. @*Objective@#The objective of this study is to evaluate the ASC Sarcoma Preceptorship Program using the first 2 levels of the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model: Level 1) Reaction – through using satisfaction surveys; and Level 2) Knowledge – focusing on the amount of information gained from the activity evaluated by test-retest method. @*Methods@#The 2-day preceptorship program held in Singapore utilized educational activities such as didactic lectures, multidisciplinary case discussions, and case presentations. The program was evaluated using: 1) pre-test and posttest; 2) satisfaction survey from ASC; and 3) satisfaction survey made by the sponsor, Novartis Pharma. @*Results@#The preceptorship program enrolled 30 participants, most from the Asia-Pacific region. The overall results from the satisfaction surveys were generally optimistic, with results showing high levels of satisfaction with regard to the time allotment, scope of topics, and how helpful each session was. Test results showed that participants scored lower in post-test as compared to the pre-test. Computation of the Coefficient of Test reliability showed that although the pre-test was highly reliable, this was not true of the post-test.@*Conclusions@#Based on the Level 1 evaluation, the program was successful in terms of both participant and faculty satisfaction. However, certain areas for improvement were identified and recommendations were made in order to effect improvements for future iterations of this preceptorship.

Variable computed tomography appearances of COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is typically diagnosed by specific assays that detect viral nucleic acid from the upper respiratory tract; however, this may miss infections involving only the lower airways. Computed tomography (CT) has been described as a diagnostic modality in the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plan. We present a case series with virologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Variable CT features were observed: consolidation with ground-glass opacities, ground-glass opacities with subpleural reticular bands, and an anterior-posterior gradient of lung abnormalities resembling that of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Evolution of CT findings was observed in one patient, where there was interval resolution of bilateral lung consolidation with development of bronchiolectasis and subpleural fibrotic bands. While sensitive for detecting lung parenchymal abnormalities in COVID-19 pneumonia, the use of CT for initial diagnosis is discouraged and should be reserved for specific clinical indications. Interpretation of chest CT findings should be correlated with duration of symptoms to better determine the disease stage and aid in patient management.

Traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: systematic reviews based on PRIO-harms / 中国中药杂志

This article is aimed to reevaluate the systematic reviews(Meta-analysis) of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and provide reference for evidence-based decision-making of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). According to the preferred reporting items for overviews(preferred reporting items for overview of systematic reviews, PRIO-harms), the main Chinese and English electronic literature databases(PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, etc.) were retrieved, supplemented by manual retrieval. Systematic reviews for the treatment of ulcerative colitis with Chinese medicine up to February 2019 were included. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. The methodology quality, reporting quality and evidence quality of the literature were evaluated by AMSTAR 2 tool, PRISMA scale and GRADE system respectively. Subgroup analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 21 systematic reviews were included, and the interventions mainly included TCM internal and external treatment, with 53 outcome indicators. The AMSTAR 2 results showed that 5 articles were of high quality, 9 of medium quality, 4 of low quality, and 3 of extremely low quality. The most problematic items were as follows: the list of excluded documents was not provided; the sources of funding for each study were not reported; and the research methods were not determined before implementation. PRISMA scale had an average score of(20.38±1.43) points, less than 22 points for 15 articles, with certain reporting defects. The GRADE system suggested that the quality of the evidence for the 30 outcome indicators was low or very low. The most important factors leading to degrading was the limitation, followed by publication bias and inconsistency. The results showed that as compared with conventional Western medicine, TCM oral or enema treatment for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis had better clinical efficacy and safety. Due to the quality limitations of the included studies, it is necessary to further strengthen the top-level design and follow the scientific research paradigm to provide a higher level of evidence for the clinical evidence-based decision-making of TCM.

Body composition analysis in pregnant women and its clinical applications / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The maternal components are constantly changing with gestational weight gains during pregnancy. Body composition analysis is a method for evaluating the maternal body composition accurately during pregnancy, models of which consist of fat mass, extracellular water, intracellular water, inorganic salts and protein basically. Among various methods to execute body composition analysis, bioelectrical impedance analysis is an important method for pregnant women. Many studies have reported about clinical applications based on correlations between maternal individual components and gestational diseases. This article reviews the researches on clinical applications of body composition analysis to pregnant women.

Metabolic imaging reveals a unique preference of symmetric cell division and homing of leukemia-initiating cells in an endosteal niche / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The metabolic properties of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) in distinct bone marrow niches and their relationships to cellfate determinations remain largely unknown. Using a metabolic imaging system with a highly responsive genetically encoded metabolic sensor, SoNar, we reveal that SoNar-high cells are more glycolytic, enriched for higher LIC frequency, and develop leukemia much faster than SoNar-low counterparts in an MLL-AF9-induced murine acute myeloid leukemia model. SoNar-high cells mainly home to and locate in the hypoxic endosteal niche and maintain their activities through efficient symmetric division. SoNar can indicate the dynamics of metabolic changes of LICs in the endosteal niche. SoNar-high human leukemia cells or primary samples have enhanced clonogenic capacities in vitro or leukemogenesis in vivo. PDK2 fine-tunes glycolysis, homing, and symmetric division of LICs. These findings provide a unique angle for the study of metabolisms in stem cells, and may lead to development of novel strategies for cancer treatment.

Progress of interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in Jiangsu Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis was once heavily endemic in Jiangsu Province. Following the control efforts for several decades, schistosomiasis was almost eradicated in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province in 1980, and transmission control was achieved in the province in 2011. According to the principle of “implementing the control measures with adaptation to local circumstances and guiding the control programs with classified interventions”, an integrated strategy with emphasis on the management of both infectious sources and snails has been recently employed for schitsosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province. In addition, a sensitive and highly effective surveillance system has been built and the application of novel techniques and information construction has been intensified to effectively interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in the Province. Transmission interruption of schistosomiasis was achieved in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province. The paper summarizes the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, progress of schistosomiasis control, and major schistosomiasis control measures implemented during the stage of transmission interruption in Jiangsu Province.

Progress of interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in Jiangsu Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis was once heavily endemic in Jiangsu Province. Following the control efforts for several decades, schistosomiasis was almost eradicated in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province in 1980, and transmission control was achieved in the province in 2011. According to the principle of “implementing the control measures with adaptation to local circumstances and guiding the control programs with classified interventions”, an integrated strategy with emphasis on the management of both infectious sources and snails has been recently employed for schitsosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province. In addition, a sensitive and highly effective surveillance system has been built and the application of novel techniques and information construction has been intensified to effectively interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in the Province. Transmission interruption of schistosomiasis was achieved in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province. The paper summarizes the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, progress of schistosomiasis control, and major schistosomiasis control measures implemented during the stage of transmission interruption in Jiangsu Province.

Expression of Apollon and Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma and their relationship / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To explore the expression,significance and relationship of apoptosis related gene Apollon and Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma. Methods The SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Apollon and Caspase 9 in 105 cases of gastric carcinoma,38 adjacent tissues and 29 normal tissues,and the expression of Apollon and Caspase 9 was analyzed with relation to clinicopathologic factors. Results The numbers of positive expression of Apollon gene in gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and normal tissues were 82(78. 10％) ,8(21. 05％) and 2(6. 90％) respectively, there was significant difference between gastric carcinoma tissues, adjacent tissues and normal tissues (P < 0. 01) . The expression of Apollon in gastric carcinoma was positively correlated with degree of tumor differentiation,TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P < 0. 05) ,but not with other clinicopathologic factors (P > 0. 05) . The numbers of positive expression of Caspase 9 gene in gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and normal tissues were 21 (20. 00％) ,23 (60. 53％) and 21 (72. 41％) ,respectively,and there was significant difference between gastric carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and normal tissues (P < 0. 01) . The expression of Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma was positively correlated with degree of tumor differentiation, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P < 0. 01) ,but not with other clinicopathologic factors (P > 0. 05) . The expression of Apollon was negatively correlated to Caspase 9 in gastric carcinoma with statistical significance (r = - 0. 541 1,P < 0. 01) . Conclusions The interaction of Apollon and Caspase 9 may be involved in the gastric carcinogenesis and progression. Apollon is closely related with invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma,and it may be a potential treatment target.

Ferroptosis was involved in the oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in mice / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ferroptosis in acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model induced by oleic acid (OA). ALI was induced in the mice via the lateral tail vein injection of pure OA. The histopathological score of lung, lung wet-dry weight ratio and the protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used as the evaluation indexes of ALI. Iron concentration, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the lung tissues were measured using corresponding assay kits. The ultrastructure of pulmonary cells was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the expression level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Protein expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in lung tissues were determined by Western blot. The results showed that histopathological scores of lung tissues, lung wet-dry weight ratio and protein in BALF in the OA group were higher than those of the control group. In the OA group, the mitochondria of pulmonary cells were shrunken, and the mitochondrial membrane was ruptured. The expression level of PTGS2 mRNA in the OA group was seven folds over that in the control group. Iron overload, GSH depletion and accumulation of MDA were observed in the OA group. Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of GPX4 and ferritin in lung tissue were down-regulated in the OA group. These results suggest that ferroptosis plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALI in our mouse model, which may provide new insights for development of new drugs for ALI.

Process optimization for extraction and purification of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola / 中国中药杂志

In this study, taking Cistanche deserticola in Xinjiang as the experimental material, the optimal process for extracting polysaccharides from C. deserticola with water extraction was studied by using single factor and orthogonal experiment. Its effects on protein removal and polysaccharides retaining were investigated by using Sevag, enzymatic method or combination of these two methods, so as to determine the optimal method for protein removal from polysaccharides of C. deserticola; the decolorization and purification methods such as macroporous resin of AB-8 and activated Carbon were used to determine the optimal process. The results showed that the extraction rate of polysaccharides from C. deserticola was 18.40% during the optimal process of the water extraction as follows: extraction temperature 75 ℃, extraction time 165 min and solid-liquid ratio 1∶55. The protein removal rate can reach 31.40% and polysaccharide retention rate can reach 96.00% under the optimal protein removal process: temperature 50 ℃, time 2 h, and papain dosage 0.2%. The decolorization rate of activated Carbon and macroporous resin called AB-8 was 80.37% and 86.43%, and the recovery rate of polysaccharides was 77.05% and 91.93%, respectively, suggesting that macroporous resin was more suitable for decoloration. Macroporous resin named AB-8 increased the purity of the polysaccharide crude extract from 67.70% to 84.80% under the following conditions: concentration of the sample 4 g·L~(-1), concentration of the eluent 60% ethanol, and the flow rate 1 mL·min~(-1), showing significant purification effect.