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ABSTRACT Background: Taekwondo athletes with lateral chronic ankle instability (LCAI) may experience difficulties with proprioception and ankle muscle strength. After surgery, a conventional rehabilitation exercise program can be ineffective, as it may not restore proprioception or muscle strength and, thus, result in minimal improvement. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of an ARE program following MBO on the proprioception, isokinetic strength, and endurance of ankle. Methods: Thirty athletes diagnosed with LCAI underwent MBO. They were divided into the ARE group (n=15) and the control group (CON, n=15). The ARE group performed early ARE exercises six times per week for 4 weeks. The parameters applied to test ankle muscle strength were angular speed of 30°/sec and 180°/sec (inversion: Inv. and eversion: Eve., respectively). Proprioception was measured as being able to sense a joint position of 15° of Inv. and 5° of Eve. Results: Significant differences were observed between the ARE and CON groups in ankle strength 30°/sec (Inv.: p<0.001, Eve.: p<0.001), 180°/sec (Inv.: p<0.001, Eve.: p<0.001), and proprioception at 15° (Inv.: p<0.001) and 5° (Eve.: p<0.001). Conclusions: We recorded significant short-term effects from early ARE in Taekwondo athletes with LCAI after MBO. The results provide reference data for the sports rehabilitator or ATC in evaluating the rehabilitation phase and informing patients about expectations after MBO in terms of performance status and the timing of return to sports. Level of evidence III; Therapeutic studies-Investigation of treatment outcomes - Case-control Study.
RESUMEN Introducción: Los atletas de Tae Kwon Do con inestabilidad lateral crónica del tobillo (ILCT) pueden presentar dificultades con la propiocepción y la fuerza muscular del tobillo. Después de la cirugía, un programa convencional de ejercicios de rehabilitación puede ser ineficaz porque la propiocepción o la fuerza muscular pueden no restablecerse y, por tanto, dar lugar a una mejora mínima. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de un programa de ERA después de TBM sobre la propiocepción, la fuerza isocinética y la resistencia del tobillo. Métodos: Treinta atletas diagnosticados con ILCT fueron sometidos a TBM. Se dividieron en grupo ERA (n=15) y grupo de control CON (n = 15). El grupo de ERA realizó ejercicios ERA precoces seis veces por semana durante 4 semanas. Los parámetros aplicados para probar la fuerza muscular del tobillo fueron la velocidad angular de 30°/s y 180°/s (inversión: Inv y eversión: Eve, respectivamente). La propiocepción se midió por la capacidad de sentir la posición articular de 15° de Inv y 5° de Eve. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos ERA y CON en la fuerza del tobillo a 30°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), 180°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), y la propiocepción a 15° (Inv: p < 0,001) y 5° (Eve: p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Registramos efectos significativos a corto plazo con ERA precoz en atletas de Tae Kwon Do con ILCT después de TBM. Los resultados proporcionan datos de referencia para el rehabilitador deportivo o ATC (Certified athletic trainer) a la hora de evaluar la fase de rehabilitación e informar a los pacientes sobre las expectativas después de la TBM en cuanto a las condiciones de desempeño y el momento de retorno al deporte. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento - Estudio de caso-control
RESUMO Introdução: Os atletas de taekwondo com instabilidade lateral crônica do tornozelo (ILCT) podem apresentar dificuldades com propriocepção e força muscular do tornozelo. Depois da cirurgia, um programa de exercícios de reabilitação convencional pode ser ineficaz, porque a propriocepção ou a força muscular podem não se restaurar e, portanto, resultar em melhora mínima. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa de ERA depois de TBM sobre a propriocepção, força isocinética e resistência do tornozelo. Métodos: Trinta atletas com diagnóstico de ILCT foram submetidos à TBM. Eles foram divididos em grupo ERA (n=15) e grupo controle CON (n = 15). O grupo ERA realizou exercícios ERA precoces seis vezes por semana durante 4 semanas. Os parâmetros aplicados para testar a força muscular do tornozelo foram velocidade angular de 30°/s e 180°/s (inversão: Inv e eversão: Eve, respectivamente). A propriocepção foi medida pela capacidade de sentir a posição articular de 15° de Inv e 5° de Eve Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos ERA e CON na força do tornozelo 30°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), 180°/s (Inv: p < 0,001, Eve: p < 0,001), e propriocepção a 15° (Inv: p < 0,001) e 5° (Eve: p < 0,001). Conclusões: Registramos efeitos de curto prazo significativos com ERA precoce em atletas de taekwondo com ILCT depois da TBM. Os resultados fornecem dados de referência para o reabilitador esportivo ou ATC (Certified athletic trainer) na avaliação da fase de reabilitação e informar os pacientes sobre as expectativas depois da TBM em termos de condições de desempenho e momento de retorno ao esporte. Nível de evidência III; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento - Estudo de caso-controle.
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Background@#Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous cutaneous lesion. There are various AK treatment methods; however, no specific method is considered superior. Most existing studies on AK treatment are Caucasian-based and include patients with multiple lesions. @*Objective@#This study aimed to compare the treatment duration, financial costs, and success rates of topically applied 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) solution, 5% imiquimod (IMIQ) cream, and cryosurgery in the treatment of histologically proven single-lesion AK in Korean patients. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with single-lesion AK at a single Korean center from January 2018 to February 2021. Each patient was treated using the three aforementioned local treatments. @*Results@#The study included 58 patients. Nineteen of 23 (82.6%), 27 of 27 (100%), and eight of eight patients (100%) were successfully treated after topical 5-FU, topical IMIQ, and cryosurgery, respectively. Further analysis on treatment success by subgroup revealed the following: mean number of outpatient visits, 3.78 vs. 4.41 vs. 3.75;mean treatment duration, 5.79 vs. 6.00 vs. 9.38 weeks; and mean total treatment cost, 79,380 vs. 170,023 vs. 173,116 won; for the 5-FU, IMIQ, and cryosurgery subgroups, respectively. The total treatment cost was significantly different among the subgroups (p≤0.001). @*Conclusion@#Topical IMIQ and cryosurgery were superior in terms of treatment efficacy, but considering its low cost, 5-FU may also be a reasonable option. Hence, an individualized approach to treating localized AK should be taken.
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no abstract available.
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Background@#Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a papulosquamous eruption with generally unknown origin but suspected to be related to viral etiologies. The clinicopathological spectrum of several disorders with viral etiologies has been altered after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The author group could experience coherent histological alterations in PR after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate how the clinicopathological findings of PR were changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Methods@#Patients (n = 11) diagnosed with PR based on the clinical manifestations and skin biopsies between February 2018 and October 2019 and 11 patients in February 2020 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by investigating the medical records. @*Results@#The patients with PR during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated statistically significant histopathological alterations from classic brisk and dense infiltration pattern to dormant and sparse infiltration and psoriasiform-dominant patterns (P = 0.019). PR was associated with more frequent pruritus during the pandemic period (P = 0.027). @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, PR demonstrated a significant histopathological alteration with more frequent pruritus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The comparative results about clinicopathological findings of PR will provide a useful reference for dermatologists in the diagnostic process of PR in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Background@#Pediatric alopecia areata (AA) can affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients and their family members. Research on the QoL and burden on family members in pediatric AA is limited. @*Objective@#This nationwide multicenter questionnaire study described the QoL and burden of the family members of patients with pediatric AA. @*Methods@#This nationwide multicenter questionnaire study enrolled AA patients between the ages of 5 and 18 years from March 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018. Enrolled patients and their parents completed the modified Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and the modified Dermatitis Family Impact (mDFI). The disease severity was measured using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) survey scores. @*Results@#A total of 268 patients with AA from 22 hospitals participated in this study. Our study found that the efficacy and satisfaction of previous treatments of AA decreased as the severity of the disease increased. The use of home-based therapies and traditional medicines increased with the increasing severity of the disease, but the efficacy felt by patients was limited. CDLQI and mDFI scores were higher in patients with extensive AA than those with mild to moderate AA. The economic and time burden of the family members also increased as the severity of the disease increased. @*Conclusion@#The severity of the AA is indirectly proportional to the QoL of patients and their family members and directly proportional to the burden. Physicians need to understand these characteristics of pediatric AA and provide appropriate intervention to patients and their family members.
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Background@#In South Korea, there have been few nationwide epidemiologic studies about premalignant actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen’s disease), nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), malignant melanoma of the skin (MM), Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), connective and soft tissue cancers, or mycosis fungoides (MF). @*Objective@#Using a nationwide population-based study, we attempted to measure the incidence and the prevalence of the above-mentioned tumors in South Korea. @*Methods@#The database we used included all claims in the Korean National Health Insurance program and the Korean Medical Aid program from 2008 to 2016. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) was used to record diagnoses in this database. This data included AK, Bowen’s disease, NMSC, MM, KS, connective and soft tissue cancers, and MF. @*Results@#The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate of AK, Bowen’s disease, NMSC, MM, KS, connective and soft tissue cancers, as well as MF increased during the periods we investigated. The incidence and prevalence rate of AK and NMSC have increased two- to three-fold. In the case of Bowen’s disease, MM, KS, connective and soft tissue cancers, or MF, we observed no significant tendency in age-standardized incidence or prevalence. @*Conclusion@#We confirmed that the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of NMSC and AK tended to increase. These results might contribute to developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for skin cancers and may become a source for further studies.
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Background@#The coronavirus disease pandemic has directly impacted global health. In developing countries, health service problems are more serious because of the lack of healthcare infrastructure. In this situation, if medical needs could be predicted, it would be helpful to bridge the medical gap with the provision of appropriate medical support. @*Objective@#The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between climate change and skin diseases in developing countries to better prepare for medical missions. @*Methods@#From 2012 to 2016, except for 2014, we visited a mission site located in Luzon, Philippines, every July.We retrospectively reviewed 499 patient data as well as weather information. @*Results@#The total number of patients decreased each year. The climate change analysis using Pearson correlation showed that the temperature and ultraviolet index tended to increase every year (r2 =0.99, 0.93, respectively; p＜ 0.05). Conversely, humidity and rainfall decreased (r2 =−0.99, −0.96, respectively; p＜0.05). The Cochran–Armitage test showed that the rate of infectious skin disease diagnoses decreased every year compared to that of eczematous diseases. @*Conclusion@#The total number of patients decreased by approximately 50% during medical service. We believe that the improvement in living standards and hygiene through continuous medical support has influenced the change in the incidence of skin diseases. Climate change was also thought to have affected the rate of skin disease diagnoses; in fact, the rate of infectious disease diagnoses tended to decrease compared to that of eczematous diseases. This analysis would be helpful for preparing for medical support.
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Background@#The coronavirus disease pandemic has directly impacted global health. In developing countries, health service problems are more serious because of the lack of healthcare infrastructure. In this situation, if medical needs could be predicted, it would be helpful to bridge the medical gap with the provision of appropriate medical support. @*Objective@#The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between climate change and skin diseases in developing countries to better prepare for medical missions. @*Methods@#From 2012 to 2016, except for 2014, we visited a mission site located in Luzon, Philippines, every July.We retrospectively reviewed 499 patient data as well as weather information. @*Results@#The total number of patients decreased each year. The climate change analysis using Pearson correlation showed that the temperature and ultraviolet index tended to increase every year (r2 =0.99, 0.93, respectively; p＜ 0.05). Conversely, humidity and rainfall decreased (r2 =−0.99, −0.96, respectively; p＜0.05). The Cochran–Armitage test showed that the rate of infectious skin disease diagnoses decreased every year compared to that of eczematous diseases. @*Conclusion@#The total number of patients decreased by approximately 50% during medical service. We believe that the improvement in living standards and hygiene through continuous medical support has influenced the change in the incidence of skin diseases. Climate change was also thought to have affected the rate of skin disease diagnoses; in fact, the rate of infectious disease diagnoses tended to decrease compared to that of eczematous diseases. This analysis would be helpful for preparing for medical support.
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Background/Aims@#Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) generally have poor clinical outcomes. Early determination of their prognosis is crucial for developing a therapeutic strategy. Recently, various inflammatory markers have been validated as prognostic indicators for many cancers, including PC. However, few studies have evaluated these markers together. Thus, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the value of inflammatory markers as prognostic indicators in patients with advanced PC treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy as the first line regimen. @*Methods@#This was a single-center retrospective study evaluating 302 patients with advanced PC who began first line treatment between November 2004 and August 2016. These patients were monitored until June 2017. Survival rates were assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses. Continuous variables were separated using the normal range or ideal cut-off levels determined by receiver operating curve analyses. @*Results@#Among inflammatory markers evaluated, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CRP-albumin ratio) were independent predictors of overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.712, 1.345, and 1.454, respectively). Difference in survival rates was significant (p < 0.001) among three groups divided by the number of marker-related risks. @*Conclusions@#Baseline inflammatory markers including NLR, PLR, and CRP-albumin ratio are useful in predicting survival rates in patients with PC. Combining these three markers is proven to be valuable.
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Background@#Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumor. Other than several scattered case reports, no comprehensive review on EPC has been conducted in Korea. @*Objective@#To clinicopathologically review all EPC cases from our institutions as well as those reported in Korea. @*Methods@#Medical records and histopathological slides of EPC cases in the skin biopsy registries of our institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, EPC cases reported in Korea before June 2019 were retrieved by searching the PubMed, KoMCI, KoreaMed, and KMbase databases. @*Results@#Nine EPC cases from our institutions were included in the study. In addition, 27 reports of 28 patients with EPC were reported in Korea. A total of 37 patients with EPC were identified, consisting of 19 males (male:female ratio, 1.06:1; mean age at diagnosis, 65.6 years). The most common site of primary tumor was the head and neck (29.7%). Wide excision was the most common (78.4%) treatment method. Initial metastasis work-up imaging studies were performed in 18 patients (48.6%), and metastasis was confirmed in eight patients (21.6%). @*Conclusion@#EPC is a rare cutaneous carcinoma in Korea. EPC usually affects elderly patients, with no sexual predilection. Due to possible metastasis, careful diagnosis and appropriate metastasis workups are warranted in EPC.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cutaneous nerve biopsies based on two-dimensional analysis have been regarded as a creditable assessment tool for diagnosing peripheral neuropathies. However, advancements in methodological imaging are required for the analysis of intact structures of peripheral nerve fibers. A tissue-clearing and labeling technique facilitates three-dimensional imaging of internal structures in unsectioned, whole biological tissues without excessive time or labor costs. We sought to establish whether a tissue-clearing and labeling technique could be used for the diagnostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathies. METHODS: Five healthy individuals and four patients with small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) were prospectively enrolled. The conventional methods of indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and bright-field immunohistochemistry (IHC) were adopted in addition to the tissue-clearing and labeling method called active clarity technique-pressure related efficient and stable transfer of macromolecules into organs (ACT-PRESTO) to quantify the intraepidermal nerve-fiber density (IENFD). RESULTS: The mean IENFD values obtained by IF, bright-field IHC, and ACT-PRESTO in the healthy control group were 6.54, 6.44, and 90.19 fibers/mm², respectively; the corresponding values in the patients with SFN were 1.99, 2.32, and 48.12 fibers/mm², respectively, and 3.06, 2.87, and 47.21 fibers/mm², respectively, in the patients with PHN. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that a tissue-clearing method provided not only rapid and highly reproducible three-dimensional images of cutaneous nerve fibers but also yielded reliable quantitative IENFD data. Quantification of the IENFD using a tissue-clearing and labeling technique is a promising way to improve conventional cutaneous nerve biopsies.
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Humanos , Biopsia , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Imagenología Tridimensional , Inmunohistoquímica , Métodos , Fibras Nerviosas , Neuralgia Posherpética , Nervios Periféricos , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
For the data represented in Fig. 4B, we have generated a new figure from one of these repeat experiments.
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Overdenture using dental implants could improve the problems of conventional complete denture function which are pain during mastication, insufficient retention and stability. Locator attachment used widely for implant-retained overdenture has advantages that it needs the smallest vertical space and also its nylon male cap allows personalized retention for each case. However its retention force decreases rapidly with function rather than the bar and ball attachment. So, implant fixture should be positioned as parallel as possible.
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Humanos , Masculino , Implantes Dentales , Dentadura Completa , Prótesis de Recubrimiento , Mandíbula , Masticación , NylonsRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Genexol-PM is a Cremophor EL–free formulation of low-molecular-weight, non-toxic, and biodegradable polymeric micelle-bound paclitaxel. We conducted a phase III study comparing the clinical efficacy and toxicity of Genexol-PM with conventional paclitaxel (Genexol). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive Genexol-PM 260 mg/m² or Genexol 175 mg/m² intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS: The study enrolled 212 patients, of whom 105 were allocated to receive Genexol-PM. The mean received dose intensity of Genexol-PM was 246.8±21.3 mg/m² (95.0%), and that of Genexol was 168.3±10.6 mg/m² (96.2%). After a median follow-up of 24.5 months (range, 0.0 to 48.7 months), the ORR of Genexol-PM was 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.2 to 46.9) and the ORR of Genexol was 24.3% (95% CI, 17.5 to 31.1) (p(non-inferiority)=0.021, p(superiority)=0.016). The two groups did not differ significantly in overall survival (28.8 months for Genexol-PM vs. 23.8 months for Genexol; p=0.52) or progression-free survival (8.0 months for Genexol-PM vs. 6.7 months for Genexol; p=0.26). In both groups, the most common toxicities were neutropenia, with 68.6% occurrence in the Genexol-PM group versus 40.2% in the Genexol group (p < 0.01). The incidences of peripheral neuropathy of greater than grade 2 did not differ significantly between study treatments. CONCLUSION: Compared with standard paclitaxel, Genexol-PM demonstrated non-inferior and even superior clinical efficacy with a manageable safety profile in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama , Mama , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Incidencia , Neutropenia , Paclitaxel , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico , Polímeros , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parallel-polarized light (PPL) photography evaluates skin characteristics by analyzing light reflections from the skin surface. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the significance of quantitative analysis of PPL images in rosacea patients, and to provide a new objective evaluation method for use in clinical research and practice. METHODS: A total of 49 rosacea patients were enrolled. PPL images using green and white light emitting diodes (LEDs) were taken of the lesion and an adjacent normal area. The values from the PPL images were converted to CIELAB coordinates: L* corresponding to the brightness, a* to the red and green intensities, and b* to the yellow and blue intensities. RESULTS: A standard grading system showed negative correlations with L* (r=−0.67862, p=0.0108) and b* (r=−0.67862, p=0.0108), and a positive correlation with a* (r=0.64194, p=0.0180) with the green LEDs for papulopustular rosacea (PPR) types. The xerosis severity scale showed a positive correlation with L* (r=0.36709, p=0.0276) and a negative correlation with b* (r=−0.33068, p=0.0489) with the white LEDs for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) types. In the ETR types, there was brighter lesional and normal skin with white LEDs and a higher score on the xerosis severity scale than the PPR types. CONCLUSION: This technique using PPL images is applicable to the quantitative and objective assessment of rosacea in clinical settings. In addition, the two main subtypes of ETR and PPR are distinct entities visually and optically.