Research advances on the mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in body surface wound healing / 中华烧伤杂志

Wound healing is a slow and complex biological process, including inflammatory reaction, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, tissue remodeling, and so on. Wnt signaling pathway can be divided into classical pathway and non-classical pathway. Wnt classical pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays an important role in cell differentiation, cell migration, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Many inflammatory factors and growth factors are involved in the upstream regulation of this pathway. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence, development, regeneration, repair and related treatment of skin wounds. This article review the relationship between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and wound healing, meanwhile summarizes its effects on important processes of wound healing, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, hair follicle regeneration, and skin fibrosis, as well as the role of inhibitors of Wnt signaling pathway in wound healing.

Spermatogenic cell apoptosis and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins after burying the testis in the inguinal pocket / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins after burying the testis in the inguinal pocket, and to investigate their relationship.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly divided 36 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits into an experimental group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 18). Models were established by burying testes in the inguinal pocket in the experimental group, while the controls were left untreated. At the end of the 8th week after surgery, 6 animals were randomly taken from each group for measurement of the testis surface temperature and testicular biopsy. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in the testis tissues was detected by TUNEL assay, and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins determined by immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 8 weeks after burying the testis in the inguinal pocket, the testicular surface temperature was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control ([ 38.02 +/- 0.36] degrees C vs [36.15 +/- 0.64 ] degrees C, P < 0.05), and so was the apoptosis index (AI) of spermatogenic cells ([89.69 +/- 3.76] % vs [7.73 +/- 4.95 ] %, P < 0.05). The expression of the Bax protein in the testis was significantly increased, while that of the Bcl-2 protein remarkably decreased in the experimental group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic cells were mostly primary spermatocytes and round spermatids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elevated local temperature of the testis buried in the inguinal pocket increases the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, and the spermatogenic cell apoptosis is highly correlated with the decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax. The changes in the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were a main mechanism behind the temperature elevation-induced apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.</p>

Apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and expression of HSP70 after scrotal reconstruction with skin flap / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the temperature change at the testis surface, apoptosis of spermatogenous cells and the expression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) after scrotal reconstruction with the skin flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We included 36 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, 24 males and 12 females, in this study, and equally randomized the males into an experimental and a control group. The scrotal of the experimental rabbits were excised and reconstructed with the hypogastric flap, while the controls were left untreated. At the end of the 8th week after surgery, 6 animals were randomly taken from each of the two groups for measurement of the testis surface temperature and testicular biopsy. The apoptosis of spermatogenous cells in the testis tissues was detected by HE staining, and the expression of HSP70 determined by immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis. The other 6 animals exempt from testicular biopsy in each of the experimental and control groups were mated with the female rabbits, and observed for fertility.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of the 8th week after scrotal reconstruction, the testicular surface temperature was (38.1 +/- 0.6) degrees C in the experimental group, significantly higher than (36.0 +/- 0.30) degrees C before surgery (P < 0.05), and the apoptosis index (AI) of the spermatogenous cells was (71.85 +/- 2.7) %, as compared with (7.73 +/- 4.95) % in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of HSP70 was found mainly in the spermatogenous cells of the experimental group and in the spermatoblasts of the control. A total of 6.0 +/- 1.3 baby rabbits were born in the control group, but none in the experimental group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The testicular surface temperature rises after scrotal reconstruction with the hypogastric flap, which increases the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and causes infertility. HSP70 is involved in protecting spermatogenic cells from apoptosis after scrotal reconstruction.</p>

Effect of scrotal reconstruction with flap on rabbit generation function / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the apoptosis and the express of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in spermatogenic cells, and study generation function of the rabbit after scrotal reconstruction with flaps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups as experimental group (the scrotum reconstructed with flaps, n = 48), the control group (the sham operated group, n = 24) and the blank group (n = 18). The apoptosis and the expression of PCNA in the spermatogenic cells were detected with TUNEL and the immunohistochemistry from the 3rd to the 8th week after operation. 8 weeks later, 12 animals in each group were fed respectively with one female rabbit to observe the procreation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The apoptotic index of the spermatogenic cells in blank group was 7.73 +/- 4.95. 3 weeks after operation, the apoptotic index of spermatogenic cells was 22.59 +/- 3.04 in the experimental group, and 21.13 +/- 1.68 in control group, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). 8 weeks after operation, the apoptotic index of spermatogenic cells was 71.85 +/- 2.69 in the experimental group, and 13.64 +/- 2.09 in control group, show a significant difference between them (P < 0.05). The apoptotic index in experimental group increased gradually from the 3rd to 8th week after scrotal reconstruction , which was markedly higher than that in the blank group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic index in control group was higher than that in the blank group at the 3rd week (P < 0.05), but not at the 8th week (P > 0.05). The proliferation index of spermatogenic cells was 9.32 +/- 9.30 and 12.52 +/- 3.87 in experimental group at the 3rd and 4th week, respectively, which was significantly lower than that in blank group (43.07 +/- 2.25) and control group (45.69 +/- 4.98) at the 3rd week (P < 0.05). The proliferation index of spermatogenic cells was 46.98 +/- 18.92 and 49.53 +/- 9.79 in experimental group at the 7th and 8th week, respectively, 39.90 +/- 5.10 in control group at the 8th week, showing no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The proliferation index of spermatogenic cells in control group at the 3rd and 8th week was not different from that in the blank group (P > 0.05). The female pairing rabbits in the blank and control group were all pregnant, and the average childbirths were 6.0 +/- 1.28 and 5.92 +/- 1.31 respectively, with no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). All the female pairing rabbits in the experimental group were not pregnant, showing a significant difference from those in the blank and control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rabbit generation functional disturbance after scrotal reconstruction with flaps is due to the excessive apoptosis of spermatogenic cell. The spermatogenic cell proliferation is affected only in the early postoperative period, but can recover later.</p>