Delivery room resuscitation and short-term outcomes of extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight infants: a multicenter survey in North China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD.@*RESULTS@#A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606-3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044-1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061-2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328-3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679-4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777-6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379-0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160-0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.

Human Serum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect A549 from PM / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Epidemiological studies reveal that exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM @*Methods@#EVs were isolated from the serum of healthy subjects, quantified @*Results@#PM @*Conclusions@#EVs treatment promotes cell survival and attenuates PM

Characteristics of immune function of full-term infants with different feeding patterns at the age of 3 months: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the characteristics of immune function of healthy full-term infants at the age of 3 months, and to analyze the relationship of immune function with feeding pattern and sex.@*METHODS@#A total of 84 healthy full-term infants born in four hospitals in Beijing and Hohhot, China were prospectively recruited. Their feeding patterns remained unchanged within 4 months after birth. They were divided into a breast-feeding group and a milk powder feeding group according to their feeding patterns. At the age of 3 months after birth, peripheral venous blood samples of the two groups were collected to evaluate cellular immunity and humoral immunity and perform routine blood test. The laboratory indices were compared between infants with different feeding patterns and sexes.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the milk powder feeding group, the breast-feeding group had significantly lower proportion of T cell second signal receptor CD28, immunoglobulin M, and proportion and absolute count of neutrophils (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sex has no significant effect on the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in 3-month-old full-term infants, but feeding patterns are associated with the proportion of CD28

Analysis of In-hospital Neonatal Death in the Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Globally, the proportion of child deaths that occur in the neonatal period remains a high level of 37-41%. Differences of cause in neonate death exist in different regions as well as in different economic development countries. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the causes, characteristics, and differences of death in neonates during hospitalization in the tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the dead neonates admitted to 26 NICUs were included between January l, 2011, and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a designed questionnaire. Data collected from each NICU were delivered to the leading institution where the results were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 744 newborns died during the 1-year survey, accounting for 1.2% of all the neonates admitted to 26 NICUs and 37.6% of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age in these hospitals. Preterm neonate death accounted for 59.3% of all the death. The leading causes of death in preterm and term infants were pulmonary disease and infection, respectively. In early neonate period, pulmonary diseases (56.5%) occupied the largest proportion of preterm deaths while infection (27%) and neurologic diseases (22%) were the two main causes of term deaths. In late neonate period, infection was the leading cause of both preterm and term neonate deaths. About two-thirds of neonate death occurred after medical care withdrawal. Of the cases who might survive if receiving continuing treatment, parents' concern about the long-term outcomes was the main reason of medical care withdrawal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neonate death still accounts for a high proportion of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age. Our study showed the majority of neonate death occurred in preterm infants. Cause of death varied with the age of death and gestational age. Accurate and prompt evaluation of the long-term outcomes should be carried out to guide the critical decision.</p>

Chemical constituents of Aconitum brachypodum from Dong-Chuan area / 中国中药杂志

Aconitum brachypodum is traditionally known to be toxic chinese medicie, but its chemical constituents is not enough studied to date. To further elucidate the chemical constituents of A. brachypodum, 80% ethanol extract of A. brachypodum collected from Dong-Chuan area was investigated, which led to isolation of seventeen compounds. By spectroscopic methods, their structures were determined as hypaconitine (1), mesaconitine (2), talatisamine (3), neoline (4), fuziline (5), aconine (6), bullatine A (7), lepeine (8), songrine (9), isocorydine (10), beta-sitosterol (11), daucosterol (12), stearic acid (13), triacontanol (14), palmitic acid (15), benzoic acid (16), and inosine (17), respectively. All compounds except for compounds 1 and 7 were isolated from A. brachypodum for the first time.

Introduction on the academic origin of Chengjiang acupuncture school / 中国针灸

The academic life, thoughts and contributions of over ten representatives of Chengjiang acupuncture school were investigated with the methodology of literature comparative analysis to abstract the academic origin of the school. And the result shows that based on the traditional theory of Chinese medicine, influenced by the ideological trend of scientization, focused on clinical practice and enlightened by Japanese acupuncture in a certain degree, Chengjiang acupuncture school is an open and inclusive Chinese medicine school which does not only emphasize on carrying on of the theoretical system of Chinese medicine, but also actively adjust itself to the development of the society.

Establishment of intramedullary spinal cord glioma model in rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Treating intramedullary spinal cord gliomas is a big challenge because of limited options, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. An intramedullary glioma model is prerequisite for testing new treatments. This paper describes the establishment of a rodent intramedullary glioma model and presents functional progression, neuroimaging and histopathological characterization of the tumour model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fischer344 rats (n = 24) were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 16) received a 5 µl intramedullary implantation of 9L gliosarcomal (10⁵) cells. Group 2 (n = 8) received a 5 µl intramedullary injection of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium. The rats were anesthetized, the spinous process of the T₁₀ vertebra and the ligamentum flavum were removed to expose the T₁₀₋₁₁ intervertebral space and an intramedullary injection was conducted into the spinal cord. The rats were evaluated preoperatively and daily postoperatively for neurological deficits using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale. High resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired preoperatively and weekly postoperatively. When score equal to 0, rats were sacrificed for histopathological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Rats implanted with 9L gliosarcoma cells had a statistically significant median onset of hind limb paraplegia at (16.0 ± 0.4) days, compared with rats in the control group in which neurological deficits were absent. Imaging and pathological cross sections confirmed intramedullary 9L gliosarcoma invading the spinal cord. Rats in the control group showed no significant functional, radiological or histopathological findings of tumour.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rats implanted with 9L cells regularly develop paraplegia in a reliable and reproducible manner. The progression of neurological deficits, neuroimaging and histopathological characteristics of intramedullary spinal cord gliomas in rats is comparable with the behaviour of infiltrative intramedullary spinal cord gliomas in patients.</p>

Study on the pharmacokinetic profile of telbivudine / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of telbivudine in healthy Chinese subjects after oral administration of single and multiple doses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two healthy adult male and female subjects 18-40 years of age were randomized into four telbivudine dosing groups of 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg and 800 mg. Subjects in the 600 mg group received both a single dose and once daily multiple doses for 8 consecutive days. Telbivudine concentrations in plasma and urine samples collected at different time points before and after the drug administration were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using the non-compartmental approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After a single dose of 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg and 800 mg, tmax (median) were 2.50, 2.00, 2.00 and 2.50 hours respectively; t1/2 were (43.3 +/- 15.2) h, (49.1 +/- 14.4) h, (39.4 +/- 12.1) h and (46.7 +/- 20.8) h respectively; Cmax were (1,753.2 +/- 389.0) ng/ml, (2,586.7 +/- 871.4) ng/ml, (3,703.6 +/- 1,219.0) ng/ml and (3454.6 +/- 953.9) ng/ml respectively; AUC(0-infinity) were (12,843.2 +/- 2,925.6) ng.h(-1).ml(-1), (22,948.9 +/- 5,721.0) ng.h(-1)/ml(-1), (26,440.5 +/- 8,938.1) ng.h(-1).ml(-1) and (28, 820.9 +/- 7 912.9) ng.h(-1).ml(-1) respectively, and CL(R) (600 mg) was (6,545.6 +/- 1 504.4) ml/h. The AUCss from multiple doses was (1,088.5 +/- 299.8) ng/ml; Cmax and AUC accumulation ratio were 1.02 +/- 0.21 and 1.23 +/- 0.26 respectively, which implicated moderated accumulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pharmacokinetic parameters of telbivudine in Chinese healthy subjects were determined.</p>

Expression of Fas/FasL ligand and cell apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion-induced retina and effects of bFGF / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM: To explore the relationship between the expression of Fas/FasL and the apoptosis in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats, as well as the therapeutic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)on the ischemic retina.injury were made by transiently elevating introcular pressure. A total of 28 rats were divided into Normal Group and Operative Group. The latter were subdivided into 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h after reperfusion, in which the left eyes of the rats were in the ischemia/reperfusion groups and the right ones were in the treatment groups (bFGF intracameral injection). Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method, and theexpression of Fas/FasL ligand was studied by strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry.mai rats' retinae, but there were a significant number of TUNEL positive cells in 6-24h after transient ischemia followed by a decrease at 48h. The number of TUNEL positive cells reached a maximum at 24h after ischemia.The expression of Fas gradually increased as early as at 6h, reached a peak at 24h, then decreased at 48h. Similarly, the expression of Fas ligand was at peak in 24-48h in GCL and INL of retina. bFGF ministered before reperfusion inhibited apoptotsis and ameliorated the tissue damage. It also diminished Fas and FasL expression in ischemic/reperfused retina.siently elevated IOP induced apoptosis of cells in the retina. Fas/FasL may have an important role in the early events of the apoptotic pathways. bFGF can rescue RGCs from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through down-regulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression and may represent an important mechanism for therapeutic neuroprotection.

Experimental study of rat cerebral hemorrhage model via autologous blood injection / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of rat cerebral hemorrhage model via autologous blood injection.MethodsBlood extracted from rats' cardiac ventricles was injected into the right caudate nucleus via stereotactic method. Pathological examination,ultrastructural visualization and motor functional test were applied to validate the feasibility of this method.ResultsRats showed paralysis of left extremities rapidly after surgery. Pathological examination confirmed the formation of hematoma in caudate nucleus. The deviation of hematoma volume and location among individuals was significantly lower than that of rats made by collagenase injection. Transmission electron microscopy showed wide mylin degeneration in right caudate nucleus. Motor functional test revealed the dysfunction of left extremities with marked lower deviation among individuals compared with that of collagenase injection (P<0.05).ConclusionAutologous blood injection can result in significantly lower deviation of hematoma volume and location as well as dysfunctional degree compared with that of collagenase injection.

Therapeutic effect of bFGF on retina ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays important roles in retina degeneration, light injury, mechanical injury, especially in retina ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI). This study was to investigate the therapeutical effect of bFGF on RIRI and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experimental RIRI was induced by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes of 48 rats. These rats were divided into normal control, ischemia-reperfusion and bFGF-treated groups. Histological and ultrastructural changes of in the retina of different groups were observed, and the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was quantitatively analyzed under microscopy. Apoptotic cells were detected using the TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of caspase-3 was determined by streptavidin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. Atomic absorption spectrum method was used to evaluate the intracellular calcium changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the early stage of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, retina edema in the treated group was significantly eliminated compared with the untreated ischemic animals. RGCs in the bFGF-treated group was more than those in the untreated ischemic group during the post-reperfusion stages. In ischemic group, apoptotic cells could be found at 6th hour after reperfusion and reached the peak at 24 hours. At 72nd hour no apoptotic cells could be found.The changes in caspase-3 expression had a similar manner. The intracellular calcium of rat retina began to increase at 1st hour, reached the peak at 24 hours, and began to decrease at 72 hours. The change of the three markers in the treatment group showed a similar pattern, but they were all relatively less obvious.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apoptosis may play a vital role in RIRI. bFGF may has therapeutical effects on RIRI by inhibiting the increase of intracellular calcium and caspase-3 expression.</p>

Differentiation of rat neural stem cells and its relationship with environment / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the differentiation fates of rat neural stem cells (NSCs) in different environmental conditions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NSCs derived from 16-day-old rat embryo were proliferated in vitro and implanted into the brain of rats with intra-cerebral hemorrhage. At the same time some NSCs were co-cultured in vitro with Schwann cells derived from newborn rats. MAP-2, GFAP and GalC (which are the specific markers of neural cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes respectively), BrdU and beta-tubulin were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BrdU positive cells that were implanted into the brain distributed around the hemorrhagic area. The majority of them were GFAP positive astrocytes while a few of them were beta-tubulin positive neural cells or GalC positive oligodendrocytes. After being co-cultured with Schwann cells in vitro, NSCs are predominately shown beta-tubulin and MAP-2 positive, and only a minority of them were GFAP or GalC positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The hemorrhagic environment in vivo induces NSCs to differentiate mainly into astrocytes while co-culture with Schwann cells in vitro induce the majority of NSCs to differentiate into neural cells.</p>

Effect of rat Schwann cell secretion on proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of rat Schwann cell secretion on the proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples were divided into three groups. In Group One, NSCs were cultured in DMED/F12 in which Schwann cells had grown for one day. In Group Two, NSCs and Schwann cells were co-cultured. In Group Three, NSCs were cultured in DMEM/F12. The morphology of NSCs was checked and beta-tubulin, GalC, hoechst 33342 and GFAP labellings were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Group One, all neural spheres were attached to the bottom and differentiated. The majority of them were beta-tubulin positive while a few of cells were GFAP or GalC positive. In Group Two, neural spheres remained undifferentiated and their proliferation was inhibited in places where Schwann cells were robust. In places where there were few Schwann cells, NSCs performed in a similar manner as in Group One. In Group Three, the cell growth state deteriorated day after day. On the 7th day, most NSCs died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The secretion of rat Schwann cells has a growth supportive and differentiation-inducing effect on human NSCs.</p>