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AIM: To observe the changes of the morphology and structure of macula, blood flow density of macula and optic disc, as well as retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)under went sclera buckling(SB). METHODS: As a cross-sectional case-controlled study, 25 patients(25 eyes)were diagnosed with RRD in the department of ophthalmology, Ganzhou People's Hospital from July 2014 to March 2021. The differences in the vascular density(VD)of superficial vessel cluster(SVC), the VD of deep vessel cluster(DVC)of macula, the SVC-VD of optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL), central macular thickness(CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and outer structure of macula between the affected eyes and healthy eyes at the last post-operative follow-up were compared, and the correlation indicators affecting best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, LogMAR)of the affected eyes at the last follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant in SVC-VD and DVC-VD of macula, SVC-VD of optic disc, RNFL, CMT, SFCT between the affected eyes and healthy eyes at the last post-operative follow-up(all P>0.05); At the last follow-up visit, the comparison of macular outer structure on OCT between the affected eyes and the healthy eyes showed that the light band integrity of the external limiting membrane(ELM), myoid zone(MZ), ellipsoid zone(EZ)and outer segment of photoreceptor(OS)had no statistically significant difference(all P>0.05), while the light band integrity of interdigitation zone(IZ)had significant difference(P=0.014); The difference of BCVA(LogMAR)between the affected eyes and the healthy eyes at the last follow-up was statistically significant(P=0.002). There was significant correlation between BCVA(LogMAR)of affected eyes at the last post-operative follow-up and the presence or absence of macular involvement, the correlated with SVC-VD of optic disc, the integrity of the light bands of ELM, MZ, EZ, OS and IZ on the outer structure of macula, it was positively correlated with the presence or absence of macular involvement(rs=0.401, P=0.047)and it was negatively correlated with SVC-VD of optic disc, the integrity of the light bands of ELM, MZ, EZ, OS and IZ on the outer structure of macula(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The OCT and OCTA can be used to observe fundus changes after SB surgery for RRD to obtain long-term follow-up information related to vision prognosis, and visual prognosis depends on the recovery of retinal outer structure, and the integrity of IZ structure is more important for visual recovery; The SVC-VD of optic disc is correlated with visual prognosis, and whether it was correlated with intraocular pressure require further observation and verification with postoperative continuous data.
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Objective: To prepare the new diclofenac potassium cataplasms, establish a quality research method and evaluate the preparation quality by the established method. Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was performed on an ODS column(the column temperature 35℃)using the methanol-4% glacial acetic acid solution(80: 20, V/V)as mobile phase, and the detection wavelength was set at 276 nm. Diclofenac potassium was extracted with methanol, and the adhesion, content and uniformity of potassium diclofenac were measured. The release of diclofenac potassium from the cataplasms was determined in accordance with the fourth method of the XD release methods in the Appendix of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Results: The average maximum number of steel ball stuck in the cataplasms in the initial adhesion test was No. 6. Under the HPLC conditions, potassium diclofenac showed good linearity within the concentration range of 400-800 μg/ml, with the average sample recovery rate 1.33 % and RSD< 1.93%(n=6). The methodological studies for the drug release test for the diclofenac potassium cataplasms showed that the diclofenac potassium showed a good linearity within the range of 1-50 μg/ml in the drug release test, and the precision and recovery well satisfied the requirements of Pharmacopoeia. The content uniformity of the cataplasms was in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia. The release amounts of the cataplasms in 2, 5 and 8 hours were 20%-45%, 40%-80% and more than 70% of the labeled amount, respectively, and the release curve followed the first-order release equation. Conclusion: The established HPLC method is sensitive, accurate, easily operable and reproducible, which could be used for the quality control of diclofenac potassium cataplasms. The prepared diclofenac potassium cataplasms were of uniform content and showed characteristics of the sustained release, which is expected to be developed to a new preparation of diclofenac potassium.
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Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a pathological neovascularization with fibrotic changes in the fundus of premature infants.It is a major cause of preventable blindness in children in both developing and developed countries.Treatment of ROP has long been a hot research topic in ophthalmology and pediatrics.With a clearer knowledge of the pathogenesis of ROP,more basic and clinical studies have been carried out.The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and surgical treatment have become mature strategies,and a variety of therapeutic drugs including insulin-like growth factor-1,transforming growth factor-β,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and β-adrenergic receptor blockers have been developed.This article reviews the recent advances in ROP.