Relationship between fibrinogen and microalbuminuria in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between plasma fibrinogen(FIB) within normal range and microalbuminuria in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 869 elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital from October 2012 to October 2014 were included in the study. The patients were divided into four groups based on the quartile level of FIB: Q1 group(<2.42 g/L), Q2 group(2.42-2.89 g/L), Q3 group(2.90-3.61 g/L), and Q4 group(≥3.62 g/L). The relationship between FIB and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) was analyzed.Results:With the increasing of FIB, the level of UACR was significantly elevated( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that FIB was positively associated with age, duration of diabetes, creatinine(Cr) and UACR in men and women( P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that FIB was an independent factor of UACR( P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risks of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were respectively 4.536 folds(95% CI 2.516-8.175, P<0.01) and 13.314 folds(95% CI 2.925-60.612, P<0.01) in Q4 group, and 2.177 folds(95% CI 1.273-3.724, P<0.01) and 4.098 folds(95% CI 1.101-19.226, P<0.05) in Q3 group as compared with Q1 group after adjused by following factors: gender, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), HbA 1C, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), Cr, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), as well as smoking and drinking behavior. Based on the cut off values to UACR 30 mg/g and 300 mg/g, the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to evaluate the value of FIB for UACR. The optimal cut-off value of FIB was 3.18 g/L and 3.22 g/L respectively. Conclusions:Plasma FIB was closely associated with microalbuminuria in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may be considered as one of the predictors for diabetic nephropathy.

T cell--associated immunoregulation and antiviral effect of oxymatrine in hydrodynamic injection HBV mouse model

Although oxymatrine (OMT) has been shown to directly inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), limited research has been done with this drug. In the present study, the antiviral effect of OMT was investigated in an immunocompetent mouse model of chronic HBV infection. The infection was achieved by tail vein injection of a large volume of DNA solution. OMT (2.2, 6.7 and 20 mg/kg) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. The efficacy of OMT was evaluated by the levels of HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). The immunoregulatory activity of OMT was evaluated by serum ELISA and flow cytometry. Results shows that OMT at 20 mg/kg inhibited HBV replication, and it was more efficient than entecavir (ETV) in the elimination of serum HBsAg and intrahepatic HBcAg. In addition, OMT accelerated the production of interferon-(IFN-) in a dose-dependent manner in CD4T cells. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of OMT on the enhancement of immunological function and in the control of HBV antigens. The findings suggest this drug to be a good antiviral therapeutic candidate for the treatment of HBV infection.

Isolation and identification of the viral pathogen in an incident with crowd fever of adults / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To isolate and identify the causative agent in an incident with crowd fever of adults in Henan province.Methods The cells was inoculated by the throat swabs of the patients and followed by neutralization assay and other molecular methods.Then indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the specific IgM/IgG antibodies against virus in the serum of the patients.Results We have isolated 2 strain adenoviruses from 10 swab samples,which were both identified as Ad11 by sequence analysis and neutralization test.6 of 10 samples were positive fer IgM specific for adenovirus and 3 positive for IgG.The remaining sample was negative for both.Conclusion The causative agent in this incident with crowd fever of adults was Ad11 in group B.

Features of onset of chronic severe hepatitis in 520 cases / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss features of onset of chronic severe viral hepatitis (CSH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patterns of onset of 520 cases of CSH were analyzed by SPASS and STATA software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. Within less than 10 days, less than 2 weeks, 2 to 4 weeks, 4 weeks to 6 months, 10.4%, 18.1%, 17.1% and 64.8% of 520 cases deteriorated into severe hepatitis respectively. 2. There were no definite predisposing factors in more than 40% cases. There were 1 to 3 or more predisposing factors in more than 30% cases. The incidence of concurrent infection was the highest (P<0.01). 3. The pathogenic basis in more than 50% cases was cirrhosis. 4. Hepatic encephalopathy did not occur in more than 50% of the cases. Ascites occurred in more than 75% of cases. Hepatic encephalopathy first occurred in less than 5% cases and ascites in more than 10% of cases. 5. The latest time for occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy was later than the time of deteriorating into severe hepatitis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>1. Gradual deterioration into CSH was found in all the 520 cases. 2. The predisposing factors, pathogenic bases, incidence and occurring time of hepatic encephalopathy, firstly occurring complication and so on in CSH are not the same as those in acute and subacute severe hepatitis. Therefore, CSH should be independently named and the study of CSH should be strengthened.</p>

Cloning of human monoclonal Fab fragments against HIV-1 gp120 peptide binding chemokine receptor from phage Fab antibody library / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen human monoclonal Fab fragments against HIV-1 gp120 peptide binding chemokine receptor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A synthesized polypeptide containing 23 amino acid residues of the gp120 antigen epitope binding chemokine receptor was coated as the solid-phase antigen. After biopanning from the HIV-1 phage Fab antibody library, the acquired positive clones were tested and sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One clone of human phage Fab monoclonal antibody against HIV-1 gp120 polypeptide was acquired. It has high affinity, specificity and inhibition rate and it belongs to IgG I subclass and kappa type. Its Vh H and V kappa were derived from Vh III and V kappa III.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The human phage Fab fragment against HIV-1 gp120 antigen site binding chemokine receptor was acquired.</p>

Single factor study of prognosis from 520 cases with chronic severe hepatitis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further understand chronic severe hepatitis (CSH) and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment and to explore the methods to reduce the fatality rate of CSH through analysing the factors related to prognosis of CSH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The factors related to prognosis from 520 cases with CSH were analyzed by SPASS and STATA software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The fatality rate in cases with age > or = 40 years was higher than that in cases with age <40 years (P<0.001), there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in sex and pathogenic basis of CSH; 2. The fatality rate rose in cases with WBC > or = 10.0 x 10(9) per liter or platelet <100 x 10(9) per liter; 3. The fatality rate increased gradually with the ratio of aspartic aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and serum total bilirubin (TBil), appearance of deviation of TBil and ALT, decrease in prothrombin activity (PTA), total cholesterol (TC), cholinesterase and albumin (Alb) (P<0.001). 4. The fatality rate increased with appearance of complications such as ascites, electrolyte disturbance, spontaneous peritonitis and so on (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The important factors related to prognosis were age, > or = 40 years, WBC 10.0 x 10(9) per liter or platelet <100 x 10(9) per liter; the ratio of AST/ALT, TBil, Tc, cholinesterase, Alb and complication, to monitor dynamically laboratory indexes such as TBil, PTA, Tc, cholinesterase and so on and to prevent and cure various complications are important measures to reduce the fatality rate of CSH.</p>