RESUMEN
Recently, the risk factors for glaucoma is not very clear, a variety of mechanisms, such as increased intraocular pressure,ischemia,deprivation of neurotrophic factors, glial cells activation, glutamate excitatory reactions can promote glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis.Through the intervention of nerve cells apoptosis pathway to prevent RGCs damage has become the focus of treatment of glaucoma optic protection.In recent years, studies have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by astrocytes and microglia has the same effect with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which can stimulate axon growth and improve the survival rate of RGCs after optic nerve injury and intraocular inflammation.Optic nerve injury and inflammation can induce the expression of IL-6 in retina.IL-6 binds to its receptor expressed in RGCs, activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway that up-regulates expression of heat shock proteins,reduces myelin disinhibition of axon regeneration in the optic nerve, resists apoptosis factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and NO, induces regeneration-associated genes expression such as Sprr1a, Gap43, and promotes axon growth.This paper took the relevant researches of IL-6 playing neuroprotective effects on RGCs for a review.
RESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the impact of masticatory function on malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms in senile patients.Methods Dental status and denture quality in 120 senile patients were investigated with questionnaires,and thecorrelation of masticatory ability with nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated.Results The nutritional status of elderly patients was correlated with the condition of the denture,but not correlated with the number of denture and chewing ability.Gastrointestinal disconffort had correlation with masticatory function,chewing problems,difficulty in chewing and food limit,but chewing function was highly correlated with taking gastrointestinal drugs.Conclusions The chewing ability and nutritional status is not relevant,but since elderly patients with weakened chewing ability avoid certain foods,thus gastrointestinal discomfort and symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders such as medication increased.