The extracellular vesicles from gram-positive bacteria: a review / 生物工程学报

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as membrane vesicles, are vesicular bodies secreted by eukaryotic cells and bacteria. EVs can carry proteins, DNA, RNA, and various metabolites for the exchange and transmission of substances between cells. They play contents-dependent physiological functions, such as delivering nutrients, participating in immune response, and treating cancers. Currently, most studies focus on the exploration of vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells and gram-negative bacteria, while few studies focus on gram-positive bacteria. This review summarized the production, content composition, physiological function, and engineering of EVs secreted by gram-positive bacteria, and prospected future perspectives in this area.

MALAT1 upregulates SMYD3 by competition with miR-124 and promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate whether lncRNA MALAT1 affects the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells through the regulation with histone methyltransferase SMYD3, the endogenous MALAT1 in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were knocked down by siRNA, and then the migration and proliferation of cells were detected by wound healing migration and MTT assay. The effects of si-MALAT1 on the mRNA and protein levels of miRNA-124, SMYD3 and its downstream genes were detected by Real time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that siRNA-targeted knockdown of MALAT1 reduced the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells, and inhibited the transcriptional expression of SMYD3 and its downstream genes, including N-cadherin, MYL9, MMP9 and CYR61, and up-regulated miR-124. Overexpression of miR-124 reduced the expression of SMYD3 in breast cancer cells, and knockdown of MALAT1 attenuated the promotion of SMYD3 protein expression by miR-124 inhibitors. In addition, SMYD3 overexpression activated MALAT1 transcription, whereas siRNA interference with SMYD3 downregulated MALAT1. These results indicate that LncRNA MALAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)of miR-124 to regulate expression of SMYD3 in breast cancer cells, and SMYD3 can activate the transcription of MALAT1, which will affect the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.

A preliminary clinical application of sICAM-1 RIA in three kinds of thyroid disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine serum levels of sICAM-1 from normal controls and patients with thyroid diseases (simple goitre, Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis) with (125)I-sICAM-1 RIA established in our lab.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using (125)I-sICAM-1 RIA, serum sICAM-1 levels of 400 healthy individuals as the normal group and 1020 patients with simple goitre (SG), Graves' disease (GD) or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) were examined for a comporative chinical study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum level of sICAM-1 (x +/- s) in the normal group was 168.43 +/- 36.23 micro g/L. There was no significant difference between the normal and SG groups (P > 0.05), whereas the serum levels of sICAM-1 in autoimmune thyroid diseases (GD or HT) were higher than those in the normal or SG groups (P < 0.05, respectively). After GD patients received one of three medical treatments, their serum sICAM-1 levels decreased (P < 0.05). After GD patients were treated and their thyroid function decreased to normal, their serum sICAM-1 levels were lower than those in relapsed GD patients (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>sICAM-1 RIA can be used to examine autoimmune thyroid diseases. Serum levels of sICAM-1 can be used as a parameter in diagnosing autoimmune thyroid disease and in evaluating the effects of therapy, drug administration or relapse in GD.</p>

The expression of human thyroid peroxidase epitope gene in Escherichia coli and its clinical assay application / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To express human thyroid peroxidase (hTPO) epitopes gene and apply its products in clinical assay. Methods hTPO epitopes gene was cloned into expression vector pGEX 4T 3 then transformed into E. coli BL21. Expression of hTPO gene was induced by isopropyl ? D thiogalactoside, expressed product (GST hTPO) was purified by affinity chromatography and their immunoactivity was demonstrated. ELISA technique using GST hTPO as antigen was established for determining TPOAb. Serum TPOAb level was determined, and HLA DR antigen, dendritic cells and lymphocytes in the thyroid gland tissue were observed in these same AITD patients.Results GST hTPO acquired from procaryotic expression had high purity and good immunoactivity. The CVs of the ELISA technique established with GST hTPO were between 5.93%～7.59%. A significantly positive correlation was found between the TPOAb levels determined respectively by ELISA and RIA method. Serum TPOAb level and distribution of HLA DR antigen and dendritic cells showed the same ascending tendency following the aggravation of lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusion Product of genetic engineering, GSH hTPO, can be used to establish a clinical assay for TPOAb. The correlation between the level of serum TPOAb and the detriment of thyroid tissue is demonstrated.