Expression of CAIII and Hsp70 Is Increased the Mucous Membrane of the Posterior Commissure in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease

PURPOSE: We tried to evaluate the difference in the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) III and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and non-LPRD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 28 patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery due to benign laryngeal disease from March to August 2008. Reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) were measured for each person, and they were assigned either to the LPRD group (n=10) or non-LPRD group (n=18). Tissue samples were obtained from the mucosa of posterior commissure, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of CAIII and Hsp70 was performed. The IHC scores were measured and compared with clinical features including RSI and RFS. RESULTS: Total 10 patients were assigned as LPRD group, and 18 patients were as control group. The mean IHC score of CAIII and Hsp70 was 1.70+/-1.06 and 1.90+/-0.88, respectively, in LPRD patients, whereas the mean IHC score of CAIII and Hsp70 was 0.78+/-0.73 and 0.94+/-0.87, respectively, in non-LPRD patients. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CAIII and Hsp70 expressions were higher in LPRD patients that in non-LPRD patients, suggesting the possibility as one of biomomarker in LPRD diagnosis.

Airway Obstruction after Laryngeal Burn Induced by Swallowing Hot Food / 대한이비인후과학회지

Thermal burns of the larynx after swallowing hot foods or drinks are frequently common in children, but are known to be extremely rare in adults. We report the case of a male adult who, upon swallowing hot food, experienced a burn of the larynx with airway obstruction. Since airway obstruction usually occurs within hours of burn of the larynx, the importance of persistent airway management is emphasized in this case.

Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Apex of Arytenoid: Endoscopic, CT, and Pathologic Findings

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm that occurs mainly in the soft tissues of head and neck region, with the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity and nasopharynx being the most common sites. Solitary EMP of the larynx is very rare but increasingly reported recently. Common sites of involvement in larynx in the order of frequency are the epiglottis, ventricles, vocal folds and ventricular folds. We report an extremely rare case of solitary EMP involving in the apex of arytenoids that was successfully treated by only surgical excision. Because solitary EMP of the apex of artytenoids is extremely rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis for laryngeal mass. Also, solitary, small, pedunculated and localized EMP of the larynx could be completely removed by laryngeal microsurgery.

A Case of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Misdiagnosed as a Parathyroid Adenoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) are the most common congenital cervical abnormality, resulting from the remnant epithelial tissue of the thyroglossal duct, occuring in up to 70% of all congenital neck abnormalities. TGDC can be found anywhere in the midline between the foramen cecum and the thyroid gland, but are most frequently found below the level of the hyoid bone (65%), and may occur above the hyoid (20%) or at the level of hyoid (15%). Although they are commonly found near the hyoid bone, they can also be located on the base of the tongue (2%) or lower in the neck (10%). But TGDC found on the posterior surface of the thyroid, the location of parathyroid, is rare. Here, we report a case of a 43-year-old man with TGDC in the posterior of the right thyroid lobe, which was misdiagnosed as a parathyroid adenoma.

Therapeutic Effects of Carbogen Inhalation and Lipo-Prostaglandin E1 in Sudden Hearing Loss

PURPOSE: Vascular disorders and viral infections are considered the main causes of sudden hearing loss (SHL), although its pathogenesis remain unclear. Treatments include carbogen inhalation and lipo-prostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1), both of which have circulation-enhancing effects. We investigated the effectiveness of carbogen inhalation and lipo-PGE1 in SHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective review included 202 patients with idiopathic SHL who visited our clinic within 14 days of symptom onset between January 2006 and June 2010. All patients received oral prednisolone for 10 days. Of the 202 patients, 44 received no additional treatment, 106 received additional carbogen inhalation, and 52 received additional lipo-PGE1. Hearing improvement was measured using Siegel's criteria. RESULTS: Overall recovery rates were 67.9% in the carbogen group, 53.8% in the lipo-PGE1 group, and 52.3% in the steroid-only control group (p=0.097). Limited to type 1 and type 2 categories of Sigels's criteria, the carbogen group had a significantly higher recovery rate (53.8%) than the lipo-PGE1 group (26.9%) and the steroid-only control group (38.6%) (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: Carbogen inhalation added to steroid was a more effective treatment than lipo-PGE1 added to steroid or steroid alone in patients with SHL.

The Effect of Early Canalith Repositioning on Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo on Recurrence

OBJECTIVES: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can be treated using a simple repositioning maneuver. This study demonstrates the effects of early repositioning therapy in patients with BPPV, especially with regard to recurrence. METHODS: We enrolled 138 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with BPPV in the emergency rooms and ENT out-patient clinics of Chung-Ang University Hospital and Samyook Medical Center from January to June 2009. All patients immediately underwent appropriate canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs) depending on canalith type and location. The CRPs were performed daily until the patient's symptoms were resolved. The patients were classified into two groups according to the duration between symptom onset and initial treatment: less than 24 hours (early repositioning group, n=66) and greater 24 hours (delayed repositioning group, n=72). We prospectively compared the numbers of treatments received and the recurrence rates between the two groups. RESULTS: Follow-up periods ranged from 8 to 14 months, 77 cases involved posterior canal BPPV, 48 cases were lateral canal BPPV (of which 20 cases were cupulolithiasis), and 13 cases were multiple canal BPPV. BPPV recurrence was found in a total of 46 patients (33.3%). The necessary numbers of CRPs were 2.3 for the early repositioning group and 2.5 for the late repositioning group, a difference that was not statistically significant (P=0.582). The early repositioning group showed a recurrence rate of 19.7%, and the delayed repositioning group showed a recurrence rate of 45.8% (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Performing repositioning treatments as soon as possible after symptom onset may be an important factor in the prevention of BPVV recurrence.

Analysis on Effectiveness of Three Dimensional Facial Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Nasal Fractures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Accurate diagnosis of nasal fracture is difficult in many cases. Some reports showed that threedimensional facial computed tomography (3-D facial CT) is more effective than conventional facial computed tomography (conventional CT) in the diagnosis of nasal fracture. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of 3-D facial CT in diagnosis of nasal fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1, 2006 to January 31, 2007, 85 patients (83 men and 2 women, ranging in age from 29 to 46 years) visited the Armed Forces Capital Hospital within 2 weeks from nasal trauma. All patients prospectively underwent physical examination, lateral nasal bone view, Water's view, conventional CT, and 3-D CT. If any of definite crepitus on physical examination, or if definite fracture line on simple X-ray, or on conventional CT or on 3-D CT was found according to Hwang's criteria, that patient was confirmed to have nasal bone fracture. The diagnostic values of conventional CT and 3-D CT methods were analyzed by Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: Out of 85 trauma patients, 71 patients were diagnosed as having nasal bone fractures with the most common causes being, in the order of frequency of oc-currence, sports injuries and with other causes of blows, military training, works, and traffic accident. 28 patients showed nasal septal displace-ment or fracture. Conventional CT and 3-D CT were equally effective and had diagnosed 70 out of 71 fractures (98.6% of positive predictive value) and determined to be more effective than simple X-ray which had diagnosed only 50 fractures (70.4% of positive predictive value)(p=0.000). In the evaluation of nasal septum, conventional CT was proved to be more effective than 3-D CT since it diagnosed all 28 nasal deviation or fractures cases (100%) whereas 3-D CT diagonosed only 23 cases out of 28 (82.1%)(p=0.000). CONCLUSION: 3-D CT is not more effective than conventional CT in the diagnosis of nasal bone fracture. Moreover, conventional CT is better than 3-D CT in the diagnosis of nasal septal displacement or septal fracture.

A Case of Eustachian Tube Mature Teratoma in Neonate / 대한이비인후과학회지

Teratoma is a tumor derived from the three basic germ cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) and is commonly found in the sacrococcygeal region. But teratomas of the head and neck are uncommon tumors which comprise between five and 15% of all teratomas. Of these, the Eustachian tube is an unusual site for this tumor. Patients with these tumors have symptoms related to difficulties with swallowing and respiration that could result in high degree of morbidity and mortality by virtue of size and location of the tumor. We present a case of eustachian teratoma in a female infant presenting dyspnea at birth with a review of the literature.

The Clinical Application of Endoscopic Sphenoidotomy and Anatomical Role of the Superior Turbinate

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is commonly performed to treat the sphenoid sinus disease. Identification of the natural ostium of sphenoid sinus (SS) according to surgeon's operating view play an important role in endoscopic sphenoid approach. This study is undertaken to investigate the role of superior turbinate (ST) as an anatomic landmark of natural ostium of SS in endoscopic sphenoidotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and computed tomography (CT) images of 77 patients from March 2006 to December 2007 who underwent ESS were analyzed. We tried to investigate the location and distance of the natural ostium on the superior turbinate, skull base and nasal septum. We also measured the anterior wall thickness of the SS by using CT images. RESULTS: The natural ostium of the SS was located on the medial side of the ST in all patients who underwent endoscopic sphenoidotomy (45 cases). The level of posteroinferior end of the ST corresponded to the inferior portion of anterior wall of the SS. The lateral portion thickness of the anterior wall of the SS was thinner than the medial portion (77 cases). CONCLUSION: During an endoscopic sphenoidotomy, the superior turbinate is an important anatomic landmark for identifying the natural ostium of the SS. When widening the anterior wall of SS is performed, we sug-gest that the procedure should be directed to the lateral 1/3 portion, considering the thickness of anterior wall of SS.

Pneumolabyrinth Resulting from Trauma: Report of Two Cases / 대한이비인후과학회지

Pneumolabyrinth is an uncommon condition in which air bubbles in the labyrinth are described, although its underlying pathophysiology is still not widely understood. It may be associated with barotrauma, stapedial surgery, cochlear implantation, head trauma, and temporal bone fracture. When it occurs, it is ususally identified on high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone and an early surgical intervention leads to a more rapid resolution of vestibular symptoms and preservation of existing auditory function. Recently, the authors have experienced two cases of pneumolabyrinth resulting from trauma. Hence, we report two cases with a review of literature.

Combined Expression of COX-2, MMP-9, p53 and VEGF in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: COX-2, MMP-9, p53 and VEGF play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of tumor, and their roles are known to interact with each other. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gene protein expression and clinical parameters including synchronicity to the progression and metastasis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Tissue samples and clinical data were obtained from 69 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent surgery as initial treatment except nasopharngeal carcinoma from January 1999 to December 2003. Their primary sites were: oral cavity (12), pharynx (18) and larynx (39). Immunohistochemical stain was performed to evaluate the expression rate of COX-2, MMP-9, p53, VEGF and then expression patterns and clinical data were analysed. RESULTS: The expressions of COX-2, MMP-9, p53 and VEGF immunoreactivities were observed as 57.9%, 49.3%. 60.9% and 44.9%, respectively. MMP-9 was significantly correlated with T-stage (p=0.021) and COX-2 and p53 levels were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.019 and p=0.001, respectively). Multiple (2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds) expressions of gene protein were found in 31.9%, 21.7%, and 10.2%, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between the multiple expression of gene protein to lymph node metastasis and a single expression of gene protein (p=0.030). CONCLUSION: These data suggested that COX-2, MMP-9 and p53 expression may play a role of tumor progression and metastasis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We may conclude that the synchronous gene protein expression was superior to the single gene expression in estimating progression and metastasis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Ultrasonography-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Incidentally Detected Nonpalpable Thyroid Nodule / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With the availability of more sensitive ultrasonography, a larger number of nonpalpable thyroid nodule can be detected. But it is controversial that USG-FNA should be routinely used to incidentally detect nonpalpable thyroid nodule. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of thyroid incidentaloma and the usefulness of the USG-FNA in the management of thyroid incidentaloma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on 208 patients who underwent USG-FNA for thyroid incidentaloma smaller than 1.5 cm from 2001 to 2005. The cytologic findings were compared with the ultrasonographic findings and the surgical pathology. RESULTS: Suspicious malignant sonographic findings were detected in 48 cases. And in 10 cases, more than two malignant findings were detected. Of the 208 cases, 159 cases were cytologically diagnosed as benign lesion (76.4%), 7 cases as follicular neoplasm (3.3%), 33 cases as malignancy (15.8%), and 9 cases as inadequate specimen (4.4%). Of the 40 cases with follicular neoplasm and malignant cytology, 37 cases underwent surgery and 30 cases were confirmed to malignancy on the postoperative pathologic diagnosis. In the cases diagnosed to malignancy on pathology, extracapsular extension was present in 9 cases (30%), and nodal metastasis in 8 cases (26.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the USG-FNA for malignancy were 93.3%, 71.4%, and 89.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: USG-FNA is a useful diagnostic tool in the management of thyroid incidentaloma especially when more than two suspicious malignant sonographic findings need to be detected. The clinical characteristics is not significantly different between palpable and nonpalpable nodules.

The Effect of Combination Therapy with Radiation and Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor on Xenografted Human Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Nude Mice / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is known that tumor cells over-expressing COX-2 have resistance to many anticancer treatments. Among those treatments, along with surgery and chemotherapy, radiation therapy plays a significant role in the treatment of head and neck cancer. However, radiosensitivity of each cancer varies according to cancer types. Especially, the cancer over-expressing COX-2 is reported to have higher radioresistance to radiation therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor when combined with the radiation therapy, and to assess the possibility of clinical application of the selective COX-2 inhibitor for radiation therapy in the head and neck cancer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The human oral cavity squamous carcinoma cells were cultured and xenografted in 40 athymic nude mice (1 x 10(7), left thigh, subcutaneous injection) and the mice were divided into 4 groups: the control group (10 mice), the radiation therapy group (10 mice, Group A), the Meloxicam injection group (10 mice, Group B), and the combination therapy group with radiation and Meloxicam (10 mice, Group C). The tumor volume was measured on every five days during the treatment and the tumor specimen was taken for immunohistochemical staining when the treatment was finished. The mean tumor volume, the apoptosis index and the proliferation index were measured. RESULTS: In the combination therapy group (Group C), the tumor growth rate was decreased compared to the radiation therapy group (Group A). Also, according to the result of the apoptosis index and the proliferation index measured using immunohistochemical staining, the combination therapy group presented a higher apoptosis index but a lower proliferation index than other groups. CONCLUSION: Meloxicam, selective COX-2 inhibitor, improves the efficacy of the radiation therapy for the human oral cavity squamous carcinoma and this effect was due to apoptosis modulation by selective COX-2 inhibitor.

Analysis of Results and Prognostic Factors according to the Beginning Time of Treatment of Lasix, Vitamin and Carbogen Inhalation Therapy on Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss generally refers to hearing losses of sensorineural origin, which have evolved over a period of a few hours to a few days. Therapy follows a polypragmatic approach based on the different theories of its origin. Therefore, drugs applied are mainly antiinflammatory, antiviral and vasoactive in nature. The likelihood of recovery is influenced by the shape of the audiogram, the age of the patients, and the presence or absence of vertigo. Very little information is available about the results of therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss with the delayed treatment. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic factors and therapeutic results of Lasix-Vitamin and carbogen inhalation therapy on sudden sensorineural hearing loss depending on the initiation time of treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We studied 167 cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which were treated with Lasix-Vitamin and carbogen inhalation therapy at the Chung-Ang University Hospital from May 1990 to April 2004. In a retrospective chart review, we evaluated the prognostic factors and the results depending on different beginning time of treatment. RESULTS: The therapeutic results showed that 90 cases (53.9%) gained hearing recovery. Patients who were treated within 7 days of onset showed recovery in 64 cases (76.2%), but 26 cases (31.3%) of the patients with who began treatment later than 8 days showed improvement of 15 dB or more in hearing threshold in pure tone audiometry. Among many prognostic factor, dizziness showed statistically significant correlation with the final result of hearing recovery in the delayed treatment group. CONCLUSION: The patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss must be treated within 7 days, and dizziness is significant prognostic factor of patient with delayed treatment.

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx: A Case Report / 대한이비인후과학회지

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is an unusual variant of squamous cell carcinoma that mostly arises in the upper aerodigestive tract. Etiologic factors such as tobacco, alcohol abuse and viral infection seem to be linked to this tumor. This tumor is highly aggressive, and is often presented at advanced stages with lymph node or distant metastasis. It most commonly occurs in the larynx, hypopharynx and the base of the tongue. Histologically, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a basaloid pattern often intimately associated with focal squamous differentiation, comedonecrosis, and stromal hyalinization. This tumor has been confused with adenoid cystic carcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma because of their histopathologic pattern, but is usually distinguishable in routine hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, or in rare cases, with the aid of immunohistochemical studies. We report a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma that occurred in the right palatopharygeal fold of the oropharynx, which is a distinctly unusual location.

Parathyroid Cyst: A Case Report / 대한이비인후과학회지

Cysts of the neck may present themselves as thyroid cysts, parathyroid cysts, thyroglossal duct cysts or branchial cleft cysts. Among them, parathyroid cysts are rare in clinical practice. They are usually observed in lower portion of the neck and rarely in the mediastinum or thymus. They are classified either as functioning or non-functioning. In this report, we describe a 49-year old man, with normal thyroid function and normal serum calcium level, presenting mass in the lower left third of the neck. Ultrasonography and computer tomography showed a well defined cystic lesion from the left lower pole of the thyroid to the supraclavicular area, which compressed and displaced the trachea to the right side. Fine needle aspiration of the cyst showed crystalclear watery fluid collection. After aspiration, cysts decreased in size, but the size increased again after a few days later. The patient was operated to remove the cyst and the left thyroid lobe. With the pathological study & analyzation of the cystic fluid for PTH level, the final diagnosis confirmed it as parathyroid cyst.

Causative Pathogens and Therapeutic Assessment of Cefprozil in Acute Otitis Media

PURPOSE: AOM is the most common bacterial URI in children. The bacteriology and antibiotic Tx of AOM in children has been studied in many countries. But, there is few study of causative pathogens and antibiotic Tx of AOM in our country. In this aspect, we performed prospective clinical study to confirm the causative pathogens and assess the clinical responses of cefprozil in AOM patients. METHODS: Thirty three AOM patients enrolled in this study. Tympanocentesis for isolation of causa tive pathogens were performed before Tx of cefprozil. The study patients received cefprozil with dose of 15 mg/kg/bid.po/day for 10-12 days, and initially assessed the clinical response at 4-5 days after receiving cefprozil and finally at the end visit. In vitro susceptibility tests of cefprozil to isolated pathogens were done by disc diffusion method, and in vitro susceptibility tests of cefaclor and cefixime to isolated pathogens were simultaneously performed. RESULTS: Bacterial pathogens[S. pneumoniae(10), H. influenzae(5), S. aureus(2), M. catarrhalis(1) and Group A stretococcus(1)] were isolated from 19 patients. Clinically, all patients had history of abrupt high fever except one. Tympanic perforation was dominant in pathogens isolated cases, and otalgia was significantly developed in non-pathogens isolated cases. The ages of pathogens isolated cases were usually below 2 years. Eighty four point nine percent of the patients including two cases with isolation of intermediate resistant S. pneumoniae were clinically improved. Antimicrobial in vitro activity to S. pneumoniae of cefprozil were superior than that of cefacor and cefixime. CONCLUSION: We confirm that bacteria has the causative role in about 60% cases, and S. pneumoniae is the most common pathogen. Clinically, there were some differences in symptoms, signs and ages between pathogens isolated and non-pathogens isolated cases. The clinical responses of cefprozil in our patients revealed similar outcomes to other countries. And we reconfirm that cefprozil may be clinically effective in cases of AOM due to intermediate resistant S. pneumoniae.

The Effect of Selective COX-2 Inhibitor on Tumor Growth of Xenografted Human Oral Cavity Cancer in Nude Mice / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in various cancers including head and neck cancers. COX-2, an inducible enzyme which catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, is expressed in some cancers. We investigated the anti-tumor effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor, Meloxicam, on the human oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma xenografted in nude mice. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We inoculated the oral cavity cancer cell (KB cell) line subcutaneously into 30 athymic mice which were divided into 3 groups 1 week after inoculation. One group received no treatment whereas two other groups received selective COX-2 inhibitor, Meloxicam, 10mg/kg and 40mg/kg three times weekly for 3 weeks. We studied mean tumor volume, apoptotic index (TUNEL) and proliferative index (Ki 67) in the control and treated groups. RESULTS: Meloxicam induced apoptosis, suppressed cell proliferation with significant difference (p<0.01), and suppressed the xenografted tumor growth with significant difference (p<0.05) in the Meloxicam treated group. All tumor expressed COX-2. CONCLUSION: This result suggested that the selective COX-2 inhibitors suppressed the growth of human oral cavity squamous carcinoma and a further study will be needed for determination of the pharmacologic pathway and efficacy of selective COX-2 inhibitor for head and neck cancers.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A large body of evidence from a variety of experimental systems suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is important in carcinogenesis. This study was to determine whether cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 were overexpressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and discuss the possible causal role of COX-2 in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue samples from 21 pateints with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was an elevation of COX-2 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Normal buccal mucosa biopsies and normal laryngeal epitheliums adjacent to laryngeal cancer showed nondetectable or weak staining for COX-2 protein. There is no difference in the expression of COX -1 in the normal buccal mucosa, normal laryngeal mucosa and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: There is an overexpression of COX-2, but not COX-1 in laryngeal squamous cell cancer. This may represent a causal role of COX-2 in the formation and proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. There may also be another role of selective COX-2 inhibition for treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

A Case of Capillary Hemangioma in the External Auditory Canal / 대한이비인후과학회지

Hemangiomas are well known benign tumors that can occur in any sites of the human body. Although it is relatively common to find hemangiomas occurring in the head and neck areas, it rarely occurs in the external auditory canal. We present a case of capillary hemangioma arising from the external auditory canal with extension onto the adjacent outer layer of the tympanic membrane. It was treated with simple excision and myringoplasty. Early recognition may allow for simple excision without myringoplasty.