RESUMEN
Antioxidant properties of ghrelin have been recently reported in animal models and cell culture experiments. This study was set to examine the possible in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidative effects of ghrelin in rat and HepG2 cell culture. In this study, thirty six male Wistar Rats were randomly allocated into six experimental groups of six; Intraperitoneally, group 1 (Control) received 1 ml PBS, group 2 received 0.1 mM/kg tert-Butylhydroperoxide (t- BOOH), groups 3 and 4 received 0.1 mM/kg t-BOOH and then received 10 and 50 μg/kg ghrelin, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received 10 and 50 μg/kg ghrelin, respectively. Rats were anesthetized 24 h after last injection and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture. Carbonylated proteins, nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in sera. HepG2 cells were plateaued at a density of 1.5 x 105 per well in eight plates. After treatment with ghrelin (0, 10, 25 and 50 nM) for 30 min, cells were treated with TBOOH (100 or 200 μM) for 24 h to analyze cell proliferation by MTT assay at 570 nm. Evidence of oxidative stress including increased carbonylated proteins and NO levels and decreased TAC level were observed after t- BOOH injection. In rats with oxidative stress, subsequent treatment with ghrelin decreased NO and carbonylated proteins level and increased TAC level. The cell viability was decreased after t-BOOH treatment in dose dependent manner; in contrast, ghrelin in all used concentrations caused an elevation in cell viability after 24 h incubation time. These data taken together indicate that ghrelin reduces oxidative stress, but its exact mechanism is yet to be investigated.
RESUMEN
In current study the Iranian New Endodontic Restorative Material (NERM) with Angelus MTA, has been compared in term of physical and chemical properties such as; PH, Compressive Strength, release of calcium ions, and final phase of each product and setting time. Five samples of each dental material were prepared based on ISO standards to survey the physical and chemical properties of NERM and Angelus MTA. Structural survey for both dental material revealed a similar crystal structure and no significant differences were observed in the microstructure of the NERM and Angelus MTA. Setting time in NERM and Angelus MTA samples was 25 and 17 minutes, respectively (P<0.05). Both materials tested were alkaline and released calcium, the results revealed a higher pH for MTA Angelus than for NERM. The compressive strength values of NERM were greater than the angelus MTA at 14 days. Thus, it can be concluded that NERM has better chemical and physical properties than the Angelus MTA, but Angelus MTA is preferred in terms of setting time. With more studies and considering the physical and chemical properties of NREM, it could be recommended for clinical application because of its accessibility and lower prices.
RESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus [DM] is caused by hyperglycemia, resulting from defective insulin secretion or function. It is widely believed that the antioxidant micronutrients obtained from plants afford significant protection against diseases like diabetes mellitus. Present study was aimed to examine the effects of Persian shallot [Allium hirtifolium Boiss] on FBS, HbA1c, insulin, Triiodothyronine [T3] and Thyroxine [T4] levels in type 1 diabetic rats. Thirty two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 8. The diabetic groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg Persian shallot extract, diabetic control and normal control received %0.9 saline for 30 days. At the end of treatments, fasting blood specimens were collected. The levels of FBS, HbA1c, insulin, T3 and T4 were measured. Our findings indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of Persian shallot significantly decreased serum levels of FBS and HbA1c in treated groups [in a dose dependent manner] [P<0.05]. The serum levels of insulin and T3 slightly increased by Persian shallot but the T4 serum level was declined. These beneficial effects of Persian shallot extracts in diabetic rats could probably be due to the antioxidant capacity of its phenolic and diallyl disulfide content