Wheat TaMYB1A Negatively Regulates the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Plant Height / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The phenylpropanoid pathway is one of the important pathways for synthesizing plant secondary metabolites, which can produce lignin, flavonoid, and sinapoylmalate. These compounds can not only affect the plant growth, development, and stress response, but also be used to produce perfume, pesticide, dye, medicine, feed, and biomass energy. R2R3-MYBs play important roles in regulating plant secondary metabolism, organ development, and in responding to environmental stresses. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop, but lots of straw will be produced accompanied by grain yields. Therefore, elucidating the function and regulatory mechanism of R2R3 MYBs of wheat is crucial for the effective utilization of the wheat straw. RT-PCR results showed that TaMYB1A was highly expressed in the wheat stems, and the GFP-TaMYB1A fusion protein was mainly localized in the nucleus of the N. benthamiana epidermal cells. TaMYB1A has transcriptional repressive activity in yeast cells. In this study, TaMYB1A-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis lines were generated to elucidate the effect of overexpression of TaMYB1A on the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoid. Our results suggested that overexpression of TaMYB1A inhibited the plant height (P < 0. 05) and decreased the lignin (P < 0. 05) and flavonoid (P < 0. 05) biosynthesis of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants significantly. TaMYB1A could bind to the promoters of the Arabidopsis At4CL1, AtC4H, AtC3H, and AtCHS as well as the wheat Ta4CL1 and TaC4H1 revealed by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assasy, the transcriptional repressive effect of TaMYB1A on At4CL1, AtC4H, AtC3H, and AtCHS was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter systems and also on Ta4CL1 and TaC4H1 by a genetic approach. Gene chip and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that overexpression of TaMYB1A down-regulated the expression of most of the key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism and decreased the 4CL activity (P < 0. 05) of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants significantly. As suggested above, the wheat TaMYB1A belongs to the subgroup 4 R2R3 MYB transcription factors. TaMYB1A could bind to the promoters of the key genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, repress their expression and negatively regulate the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway and plant height.

Baicalin, silver titanate, Bletilla striata polysaccharide and carboxymethyl chitosan in a porous sponge dressing for burn wound healing / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#This study tests the efficacy of Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), baicalin (BA) and silver titanate (ST) in a wound dressings to fight infection, promote healing and provide superior biocompatibility.@*METHODS@#The antibacterial activity of BA and ST was evaluated in vitro using the inhibition zone method. BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were prepared and characterized. The biocompatibility of BA/ST/BSP/CMC was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The therapeutic effect of BA/ST/BSP/CMC was further investigated using the dorsal skin burn model in Sprague-Dawley rats.@*RESULTS@#The wound dressing had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through BA and ST, while the combination of BSP and CMC played an important role in promoting wound healing. The BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were prepared using a freeze-drying method with the concentrations of BA and ST at 20 and 0.83 mg/mL, respectively, and the optimal ratio of 5% BSP to 4% CMC was 1:3. The average porosity, water absorption and air permeability of BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were measured to be 90.43%, 746.1% and 66.60%, respectively. After treatment for 3 and 7 days, the healing rates of the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group and BA/BSP/CMC group were significantly higher than those of the normal saline (NS) group and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) group (P < 0.05). Interleukin-1β expression in the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group at 1 and 3 days was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). After being treated for 3 days, vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the BA/BSP/CMC group and BA/ST/BSP/CMC group was significantly higher than that in the NS group and SSD group (P < 0.05). Inspection of histological sections showed that the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group and BA/BSP/CMC group began to develop scabbing and peeling of damaged skin after 3 days of treatment, indicating accelerated healing relative to the NS group and SSD group.@*CONCLUSION@#The optimized concentration of BA/ST/BSP/CMC dressing was as follows: 6 mg BSP, 14.4 mg CMC, 0.5 mg ST and 12 mg BA. The BA/ST/BSP/CMC dressing, containing antibacterial constituents, was non-cytotoxic and effective in accelerating the healing of burn wounds, making it a promising candidate for wound healing. Please cite this article as: Gong YR, Zhang C, Xiang X, Wang ZB, Wang YQ, Su YH, Zhang HQ. Baicalin, silver titanate, Bletilla striata polysaccharide and carboxymethyl chitosan in a porous sponge dressing for burn wound healing. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 487-495.

A case of delayed peripheral neuropathy caused by diquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Diquat is a kind of conductive contact-killing herbicides. The damage of central nervous system is relatively common, but the peripheral neuropathy caused by diquat has not been reported yet. In September 2021, we treated a patient with diquat poisoning. During the hospitalization, the patient was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy. Therapy for peripheral nerve injury was given on the basis of conventional treatment of poisoning. The patient was discharged after his condition was stable. The follow-up showed that the peripheral neuropathy of patient was better than before. According to the condition of this patient, it is suggested that we should not only protect the function of gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and central nervous system early, but should also pay attention to the damage of peripheral nervous system in clinical work. We should intervene earlier to improve the prognosis of patients.

Effect of Circulating Plasma Cells on the Prognosis of Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#to analyze the effect of circulating plasma cells(CPC) on the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma(MM) in the era of new drugs, and to explore the new definition standard of primary plasma cell leukemia(pPCL).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 321 patients with newly diagnosed MM and 21 patients with pPCL admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the proportion of CPC in peripheral blood smears, all patients were divided into 4 groups: CPC 0% group(211 cases), CPC 1%-4% group(69 cases), CPC 5%-19% group(41 cases) and CPC≥20% group(21 cases). The clinical features of patients in each group were compared and the prognosis fators was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The median OS of the four groups were 44.5,21.3,24.6 and 12.8 months, respectively. Among them, 295 patients(86.3%) were treated with new drugs, and the median OS of the four groups were not reached, 26.7, 24.6 and 14.9 months, respectively. As the survival curves of CPC 5%-19% group and CPC≥20% group were similar, the patients were divided into CPC<5% group and CPC≥5% group, the median OS of CPC<5% group was better than that in CPC≥5% (43.5 vs 22.3 months, P<0.001). In addition, the median OS of patients in the CPC 1%-4% group was also significantly lower than that in the CPC 0% group and similar to that in the CPC≥5% group. Multivariate analysis showed that 1%-4% CPC was an independent risk factor for the OS of patients with CPC<5%. The patients with CPC<5% were stratified by R-ISS staging, and the OS of R-ISS stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ with 1%-4% CPC was similar to that of R-ISS stage Ⅲ. The newly defined pPCL patients showed increased tumor load and obvious invasive characteristics. Multivariate analysis showed no independent prognostic factors for pPCL, and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities(HRCA) had no significant effect on the prognosis.@*CONCLUSION@#The validity of IMWG's new pPCL definition standard was verified, and it was found that the survival of MM with 1%-4% CPC also is poor and the prognosis is very close to pPCL. In addition, the newly defined pPCL has unique clinical and biological characteristics.

Correlation between D-Dimer/Fibrinogen Ratio and Bleeding in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To further explore the better indicators for predicting the degree of bleeding associated with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).@*METHODS@#A total of 131 patients with newly diagnosed APL were classified according to WHO bleeding scales before treatment and divided into two groups: scales 0, 1 and 2 were included in no severe bleeding group, scales 3 and 4 were included in severe bleeding group. The information of the patients were collected, including sex, age, hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC) count and platelet (PLT) count, peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage (LYMPH%), peripheral blood monocyte percentage (MONO%), percentage of leukemic cells in pripheral blood and bone marrow, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) levels, D-dimer (D-D), D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio (DFR).@*RESULTS@#Among 131 patients, 110 were classified as no severe bleeding, and 21 were severe bleeding. The results of univariate analysis showed that patients with severe bleeding had significantly higher percentage of leukemic cells in pripheral blood, WBC, D-D, and DFR, as well as longer PT and lower LYMPH%, compared to those with no severe bleeding. Multivariate analysis revealed that DFR (OR =1.054, 95%CI : 1.024-1.084, P < 0.001) and percentage of peripheral blood leukemic cells (OR=1.026, 95%CI: 1.002-1.051, P =0.033) were independent risk factors for severe bleeding. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of peripheral blood leukemic cells, D-D and DFR were 0.748, 0.736 and 0.809, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the peripheral blood leukemic cells and D-D in diagnostic efficacy (P =0.8708). Compared with D-D, DFR had a higher predictive value (P =0.0302). The optimal cut-off value of DFR was 16.50, with a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 70.0%.@*CONCLUSION@#DFR has a significant advantage in predicting the degree of bleeding associated with newly diagnosed APL. The greater the DFR value, the heavier the degree of bleeding. The risk of severe or fatal bleeding increases when DFR is greater than 16.50.

Epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with diarrhea from 2013 to 2019 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with diarrhea in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Methods: Active surveillance of diarrhea was conducted in 14 sentinel hospitals (three tertiary-level hospitals, nine secondary-level hospitals, and two primary-level hospitals) from January 2013 to December 2019 in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China base on their location, catchment area, and patient volume. Cold enrichment method was used to isolate Y. enterocolitica and further detection of bioserotype, virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were conducted. The difference of rates was determined using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 12 941 diarrhea cases were included, and 0.7% (88/12 941) cases were confirmed with Yersinia enterocolitica infection. 67.0% (59/88) cases were single infection, 33.0% (29/88) cases were mixed infections. Detection rates of Y. enterocolitica increased annually (0.3%-1.2%) and were highest in children<5 years of age (1.1%, 37/3 218) and in spring (1.1%, 32/2 998) (χ2 were 18.64 and 9.76, respectively, P<0.05). 58.0% (51/88) cases had watery diarrhea, 15.9% (14/88) had fever and 14.8% (13/88) had vomiting. The predominant bioserotypes were 3/O:3 (53.4%, 47/88), followed by 1A/O:8 (15.9%, 14/88) and 1A/O:5(6.8%, 6/88), respectively. Bioserotype 3/O:3 counted for the highest proportions (89.2%, 33/37) in children <5 years of age. All the strains of bioserotype 3/O:3 harbored ail, ystA, yadA and virF genes, which encoded pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. 11/14 strain of 1A/O:8 and 4/6 strains of 1A/O:5 harbored ystB gene. Most strains were resistant to ampicillin (80.7%,71/88) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (71.6%,63/88), and 63.8% (56/88) strains were multidrug resistance (MDR). The difference of antimicrobial resistance rates between 3/O:3 and non 3/O:3 was statistically significant in ampicillin, cefoxitin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ampicillin/sulbactam (χ2 was 14.68, 43.80, 41.86, 30.54 and 5.07, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion: The detection rate of Yersinia enterocolitica was higher in children than in adults in Pudong New Area , Shanghai. The predominant bioserotype was pathogenic 3/O:3 with multidrug resistance.

Effect of Wuzhishan Callicarpa nudiflora in Hainan Province on Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells and Mechanism： Based on Nrf2/ARE Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Wuzhishan Callicarpa nudiflora （LHZZ） on the sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） cells to cisplatin （DDP） and the mechanism. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the survival rate of NPC HNE1 cells after treatment with different concentration of DDP （0，2，4，8，16，32 mg·L-1） and different concentration of LHZZ （0，25，50，75，100 mg·L-1）. The following groups were designed： control group （normal HNE1 cells），DDP group （8 mg·L-1 DDP，24 h），LHZZ group （50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h），DDP + LHZZ group （8 mg·L-1 DDP + 50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h），DDP + LHZZ + nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） activator sulforaphane （SFN） group （8 mg·L-1 DDP + 50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h， 10 μmol·L-1 SFN，24 h）. Then CCK-8 assay was employed to examine cell survival rate，colony formation test the colony-forming ability，flow cytometry and in situ terminal end-labeling（TUNEL） staining cell apoptosis，fluorescent probe 2'，7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate （DCFH-DA） the level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cultured cells，Western blot the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in cells，such as B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2），Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax），and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3），and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant response element （ARE） mRNA in cells. ResultThe survival rates of cells treated with different concentration of DDP and different concentration of LHZZ decreased compared with that in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the DDP group and the LHZZ group，DDP + LHZZ group demonstrated decrease in cell survival rate，number of cell colonies，and Bcl-2 level，and increase in the apoptosis level and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.05）. However，after the addition of SFN，the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was activated and the above variation was inhibited （P<0.05）. In addition，the level of intracellular ROS in the LHZZ group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05） and the level in the DDP + LHZZ group was lower than that in the DDP group （P<0.05）. Moreover，the ROS level in the DDP + LHZZ + SFN group was higher than that in the DDP+LHZZ group （P<0.05）. ConclusionLHZZ can enhance the sensitivity of DDP-induced NPC apoptosis，possibly by blocking the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and inhibiting the level of ROS.

Anti-pseudo-allergic components in licorice extract inhibit mast cell degranulation and calcium influx / 中国天然药物

Pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) widely occur upon application of drugs or functional foods. Anti-pseudo-allergic ingredients from natural products have attracted much attention. This study aimed to investigate anti-pseudo-allergic compounds in licorice. The anti-pseudo-allergic effect of licorice extract was evaluated in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells. Anti-pseudo-allergic compounds were screened by using RBL-2H3 cell extraction and the effects of target components were verified further in RBL-2H3 cells, mouse peritoneal mast cells (MPMCs) and mice. Molecular docking and human MRGPRX2-expressing HEK293T cells (MRGPRX2-HEK293T cells) extraction were performed to determine the potential ligands of MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2), a pivotal target for PARs. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and licorice chalcone A (LA) were screened and shown to inhibit Compound48/80-induced degranulation and calcium influx in RBL-2H3 cells. GA and LA also inhibited degranulation in MPMCs and increase of histamine and TNF-α in mice. LA could bind to MRGPRX2, as determined by molecular docking and MRGPRX2-HEK293T cell extraction. Our study provides a strong rationale for using GA and LA as novel treatment options for PARs. LA is a potential ligand of MRGPRX2.

Effect of miltirone on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia THP-1 cells / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the toxicity and related mechanism of miltirone to human acute myeloid leukemia THP-1 cells. To be specific, the active components and targets of miltirone were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the target proteins were converted into standard gene names with UniProt. Acute leukemia-rela-ted target genes were screened from GeneCards and DisGeNET. Venn diagram was constructed with Venny 2.1 to yield the common targets of the disease and the drug. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape 3.8.2. THP-1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), and 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μmol·L~(-1) miltirone for 24 h, respectively. The proliferation rate of cells was analyzed by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFSE), apoptosis rate by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PE/7 AAD staining, and cell morphology by acridine orange staining. Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) was employed to detect the mRNA levels of nuclear receptor coactivator 2(NCOA2), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP1), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax), Bcl-2, and cysteine aspartyl protease-3(caspase-3). The effect of miltirone on apoptosis was detected in presence of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. A total of 26 targets of miltirone, 1 046 genes related to acute leukemia, and 6 common targets of the two were screened out. Flow cytometry result showed miltirone at 10 μmol·L~(-1) can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of THP-1 cells. The typical manifestations of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, nuclear rupture, and chromatin agglomerate were displayed by acridine orange staining. The decreased mRNA levels of NCOA2 and PARP1 and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the activity of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 were observed. Z-VAD-FMK can attenuate the apoptosis-inducing effect of miltirone. This study indicates that miltirone can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, by down-regulating NCOA2 and PARP1, raising Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and activating caspase-3.

Consensus of experts on the medical risk prevention for the patients with cardiovascular diseases during dental treatment (2022 edition) / 中华口腔医学杂志

With the aging process of population in the society, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China is increasing continuously and the number of dental patients with CVD is increasing gradually too. Due to the lack of guidelines for dental patients with CVD in our country, how to implement standardized preoperative evaluation and perioperative risk prevention remains a problem to be solved for dentists at present. The present expert consensus was reached by combining the clinical experiences of the expert group of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association and respiratory and cardiology experts in diagnosis and treatment for CVD patients, and by systematically summarizing the relevant international guidelines and literature regarding the relationship between CVD and oral diseases and the diagnosis and treatment of dental patients with heart failure, hypertension and antithrombotic therapy. The consensus aims to provide, for the dental clinicians, the criteria on diagnosis and treatment of CVD in dental patients in China so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the treatment levels of dental patients with CVD in China.

Clinical Efficacy of Sheti Zhiqiu Decoction Combined with Intradermal Needling in Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis with Deficient Cold of Lung Qi Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Sheti Zhiqiu decoction combined with intradermal needling in treatment of allergic rhinitis （AR） of deficient cold of lung Qi syndrome and its effect on cytokines of helper T cell 17 （Th17） and regulatory T cells （Treg）. Method:A total of 105 patients with AR of deficient cold of lung Qi syndrome were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） group， combination group and western medicine group， with 35 cases in each group. The TCM group was treated with Sheti Zhiqiu decoction， 1 dose a day. The combination group was treated with intradermal needling in addition to the therapy of the TCM group. The selected acupoints were Yintang， bilateral Yingxiang， Fengchi， Feishu and Zusanli. The needles were retained for 3 days before being replaced. The western medicine group was treated with mometasone furoate nasal spray， 100 μg/time at each side of the nasal cavity， <italic>qd</italic>， and desloratadine citrate tablet， 8.8 mg/time， <italic>qd</italic>. Three groups were treated for 4 weeks and followed up for 3 months. Nasal and ocular symptom scores and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire （RQLQ） scores of patients in three groups were observed before and after treatment. Levels of serum interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-10 （IL-10） and transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁ （TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁） were measured before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated， and the disease recurrence rate was observed during the follow-up period. Result:Compared with before treatment， nasal and ocular symptom scores and total score， and RQLQ scores and total score of patients in three groups were significantly decreased after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the TCM group and the western medicine group after treatment， except for eyes itching/foreign body sensation/red eyes score， nasal and ocular symptom scores and total score， and RQLQ scores and total score of the combination group were lower（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with before treatment， level of serum IL-17 of patients in three groups was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while levels of IL-10 and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ were significantly increased after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the TCM group and the western medicine group after treatment， level of serum IL-17 was lower， whereas levels of IL-10 and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ were higher in the combination group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The clinical efficacy of the combination group was better than that of the TCM medicine group and the western medicine group （Z=-2.207，Z=-2.185，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between combination group and the TCM group， and the recurrence rate of both groups was lower than that of the western medicine group（<italic>χ</italic>²=5.020，<italic>χ</italic>²=4.835，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant adverse reaction during the treatment period in three groups. Conclusion:Sheti Zhiqiu decoction combined with intradermal needling is effective in treatment of patients with AR of deficient cold of lung Qi syndrome. It can significantly relieve patients' symptoms， improve patients' quality of life and reduce disease recurrence. It may play a role by regulating immune balance of Th17/Treg of patients and improving their immune function.

Design of dual targeting immunomicelles loaded with bufalin and study of their anti-tumor effect on liver cancer / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Bufalin is an effective drug for the treatment of liver cancer. But its high toxicity, poor water-solubility, fast metabolism and short elimination half-life limit its use in tumor treatment. How to make the drug accumulate in the tumor and reduce side effects while maintaining its efficacy are urgent problems to be solved. The goal of this study is to solve these problems.@*METHODS@#A copolymer with tunable poly-N-isopropylacrylamide and polylactic acid was designed and synthesized. The corresponding dual targeting immunomicelles (DTIs) loaded with bufalin (DTIs-BF) were synthesized by copolymer self-assembly in an aqueous solution. The size and structure of DTIs-BF were determined by ZetaSizer Nano-ZS and transmission electron microscopy. Then, its temperature sensitivity, serum stability, critical micelle concentration (CMC), entrapment efficiency (EE), drug release and non-cytotoxicity of blank block copolymer micelles (BCMs) were evaluated. Next, the effects of DTIs-BF on cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and tumor cell inhibition were evaluated. Finally, the accumulation of DTIs-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and the in vivo anti-tumor effect were observed using an interactive video information system.@*RESULTS@#DTIs-BF had a small size, spherical shape, good temperature sensitivity, high serum stability, low CMC, high EE, and slow drug release. The blank BCMs had very low cytotoxicity. Compared with free bufalin, the in vitro cellular internalization and cytotoxicity of DTIs-BF against SMMC-7721 cells were significantly enhanced, and the effects were obviously better at 40 °C than 37 °C. In addition, the therapeutic effect on SMMC-7721 cells was further enhanced by the programmed cell death specifically caused by bufalin. When DTIs-FITC were injected intravenously in BALB/c nude mice bearing liver cancer, the accumulation of FITC was significantly increased in tumors.@*CONCLUSION@#DTIs-BF is a potentially effective nano-formulation and has broad prospects in the clinical treatment of liver cancer.

Analysis of Consistency between Forensic Psychiatry Identification Diagnosis and Clinical Diagnosis of 1 369 Cases / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the consistency between identification diagnosis and pre-identification clinical diagnosis of patients with mental disorder undergoing forensic psychiatry identification. Methods The identification data of 1 369 appraised individuals who underwent criminal responsibility identification carried out by the Forensic Institute of Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from 2014 to 2017 were collected retrospectively using self-designed investigation data sorting table. A comparative analysis of the mental disorder diagnosis results of expert opinion and past clinical diagnosis results was made. Results Among 1 369 appraised individuals, 964 cases （70.4%） were identified and diagnosed with mental disorder and 405 cases （29.6%） without mental disorder. Among the former, 63.3% （610 cases） were clinically diagnosed, which was higher than 43.2% （175 cases, P<0.05） in the latter. Among the various mental disorders that had been identified and diagnosed, patients with hysteria, stress, and neurosis had the highest proportion of clinical diagnoses （86.7%）, while patients with mental retardation had the lowest proportion of clinical diagnoses （9.6%）. Schizophrenia had the highest overall consistency rate of identification diagnosis and clinical diagnosis （98.4%）, while personality and behavior disorder had the lowest （33.3%）. The overall consistency rate between clinical diagnosis and identification diagnosis of the mental disorder group was 84.1%, and the Kappa value was 0.759. Compared with clinical diagnosis, the consistency rate between inpatient diagnosis and identification diagnosis was higher （85.9%, P<0.05）. Conclusion In forensic psychiatry identification that provides data of past clinical diagnosis and treatment, a high consistency between identification diagnosis and clinical diagnosis of the appraised individual who is identified and diagnosed with mental disorder exists. Clinical diagnosis （especially the inpatient diagnosis） has a relatively good reference value for forensic psychiatry identification.

Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of IgA nephropathy after kidney transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the clinicopathologic features and risk factors of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) after kidney transplantation.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for biopsy-confirmed IgAN patients after transplantation from January 2016 to September 2019. The clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of IgAN after expanded criteria donor (ECD) donor for kidney transplantation were examined by statistical analysis of general clinical data and Oxford classification during and after transplantation.Results:The diagnostic rate of IgAN after transplantation was around 12.77%. The clinical symptoms occurred at an average of 22.5 months after transplantation. 66.67%(12/18) patients were in stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). There were microscopic hematuria (76.92%) and varying degrees of proteinuria (88.89%). The scores of pathological parameters were as follows: 78% patients with mesangial cell proliferation (M1), 17% with endothelial cell proliferation (E1), 65% with segmental sclerosis (S1), 39% with moderate-to-severe tubules atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1/T2) and 17% with crescent formation (C1) respectively. Tubuloatrophy/interstitial fibrosis was associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at biopsy ( P<0.05). Group of urine protein quantification >1g/d and group of <1g/d group had statistically significant differences in segmental sclerosis and adhesion lesion ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oxford classification is valuable in the clinical evaluations of allograft IgAN: Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is associated with a decline of glomerular filtration. And segmental sclerosis and adhesion lesion are correlated with the severity of proteinuria.

Establishment and Application of Charge-by-dose Model for Pediatric Drugs in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish c harge-by-dose model for pediatric drugs in our hospital ，so as to provide reference for reducing patients ’expenditure，saving medical insurance funds and reducing drug proportion. METHODS ：Since June 2019，a total of 12 kinds of drugs with heavy usage ，high price and large savings in our hospital were selected to establish pediatric charge-by-dose list. The drugs included in the list were split into 1/2 or 1/5 small-sized drug for charge-by-dose model. The process，quality control standards and surplus （loss）drug record of charge-by-dose model were formulated to coordinate the use of pediatric drugs between pharmacies and pediatric departments. The quantity and amount of drugs which were split ，and the drug proportion in pediatric departments were compared between charge-by-dose model and charge-by-unit model （theoretical value of dosage conversion in the same period ）during Jun.-Dec. 2019. RESULTS ：From Jun. to Dec. 2019，the quantities of split drugs each month with charge-by-dose model and charge-by-unit model were （3 346.43±734.73）and（6 821.71±1 468.81）；the amounts of split drugs each month with two models were （53 576.03±10 958.78）yuan and （112 642.75±21 308.77）yuan， respectively，with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The drug proportion in four pediatric internal medicines departments and one neonatal medicine department had decreased to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS ：Pediatric drug charge by dose can reduce the use and amount of drugs ，save medical insurance expenditures ，decrease the drug proportion of department.

Relationship between pre-transplantation kidney biopsy andshort-term renal function after transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between pre-transplantation donor kidney biopsy and short-term renal function after transplantation.Methods This study include 240 kidney transplantation of donation after cardiac death (DCD) from July 2016 to April 2018.Banff's score of donor kidney biopsy was employed for estimating kidney status.Results No significant correlation existed between rate of glomerulosclerosis and delayed graft function (DGF) (P =0.815).The rate of glomerulosclerosis was significantly correlated with 1-week estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and discharge eGFR (P＜0.05).Based upon the glomerulosclerosis rate,the patients were divided into two groups ＜ 20％ (n =220) and ≥20％ (n =20),there was no significant inter-group difference in DGF,1-week eGFR or discharge eGFR (P＞0.05).Arterial fibrosis was significantly positively correlated with DGF and negatively with 1-week eGFR and discharge eGFR (P＜0.05).Statistically significant inter-group differences existed in 1-week eGFR and discharge eGFR that arterial fibrosis scores ＜ 2 (n =19) and ≥2 (n =41) (P＜0.05).Arteriolar hyalinosis score was negatively correlated with 1-week eGFR and discharge eGFR (P＜0.05).Based upon arteriolar hyalinosis scores,they were divided into two groups ＜ 2 (n =193) and ≥2 (n =47).There were significant inter-group differences in DGF,1-week eGFR and discharge eGFR (P＜0.05).Remuzzi scores were negatively correlated with 1-week eGFR and discharge eGFR (P＜0.05).Interstitial fibrosis was significantly positively correlated with DGF (P＜0.05) and negatively with 1-week eGFR and discharge eGFR (P＜0.05).Conclusions Donor kidney glomerulosclerosis rate affects short-term renal function of recipients after transplantation.However,using 20％ as a threshold value is limited in clinical practice.Arterial intimal fibrosis and arteriolar hyalinosis are important factors affecting short-term eGFR.Recipient kidneys with Remuzzi score ＞ 4 had poor renal function after transplantation.Interstitial fibrosis score may be used as a predictor of postoperative DGF and shortterm renal function recovery.It is expected to be discussed more extensively in literature.

Effects of different concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide on long-term depression of hippocampus in mice / 生理学报

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the long-term depression (LTD) of hippocampus in mice. Sixty C57BL/6J mice (30 days old) were randomly divided into control group, three CGRP (50, 100, and 200 nmol/L) groups, CGRP + CGRP group and CGRP + APV group (10 mice for each group). The effects of exogenous application of different concentrations of CGRP on synaptic plasticity and LTD in hippocampus of mice were detected by in vitro recording of local field potential. The results showed that higher doses (100 and 200 nmol/L) of CGRP significantly enhanced the induction of LTD in the hippocampus. Moreover, CGRP increased the magnitude of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents. The above-mentioned effects of CGRP were blocked by either CGRP selective antagonist CGRP or NMDA receptor antagonist APV. These results suggest that CGRP can dose-dependently enhance the induction of LTD in hippocampus of mice, and the underlying mechanism involves the mediation of NMDA receptor function.

Effects and mechanisms of electro-acupuncture on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in C57 mice exposed to different doses of X-ray radiation / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electro-acupuncture (EA) on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus of C57 mice exposed to different doses of X-ray radiation. Thirty-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, irradiation, and EA groups. The control group was not treated with irradiation. The irradiation groups were exposed to different doses of X-ray (4, 8 or 16 Gy) for 10 min. The EA groups were electro-acupunctured at Baihui, Fengfu and bilateral Shenyu for 3 courses of treatment after X-ray radiation. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate proliferation and differentiation of the hippocampal neural stem cell. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1 and Mash1 in the hippocampus, respectively. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the numbers of BrdU positive cells (4, 8 Gy subgroup) and BrdU/NeuN double-labeling positive cells (3 dose subgroups) were decreased significantly in the irradiation group, but the above changes could be reversed by EA. Compared with the control group, the number of BrdU/GFAP double-labeling positive cells in each dose subgroup of irradiation group was decreased significantly, while EA could reverse the change of 4 and 8 Gy dose subgroups. In addition, compared with the control group, the expression levels of Notch1 mRNA and protein in hippocampus were up-regulated, and the expression levels of Mash1 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in each dose subgroup of irradiation group. Compared with irradiation group, the expression levels of Notch1 mRNA and protein in hippocampus of EA group were decreased significantly in each dose subgroup, and the expression levels of Mash1 mRNA and protein were increased significantly in 4 and 8 Gy subgroups. These results suggest that irradiation affects the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in hippocampus of mice, whereas EA may significantly increase the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neural stem cells via the regulation of Notch signaling pathway.

Prognostic significance of early phase donor chimerism after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of early phase full donor chimerism (FDC) after myeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). Methods: The clinical data of 72 hematological patients received myeloablative allo-PBSCT from Feb. 2016 to Jul. 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The median age was 36.5 years (range 4-59), 44 were males and 28 females. Of the donors, there were 35 HLA matched sibling donors, 27 haploidentical donors and 10 unrelated donors. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of short tandem repeat sequence (PCR-STR) was used to detect donor cell chimerism (DC) rate of recipient bone marrow at one, two and three months after transplantation. Results: The median follow-up was 462 d (range: 47-805 d), 55 cases were still alive, and 45 cases were disease-free survival (DFS) at the end of follow-up. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and DFS were (68.9±7.7)% and (59.5±6.3)%, respectively. A number of 16 cases underwent relapses, with 2-year cumulative incidence of (24.1±5.3)%. The median time of recurrence was 157(32-374) d. Forty cases (55.6%) developed acute graft-versus-host diseases (aGVHD), with median time of 35.5 (13-90) d. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) occurred in 23 patients (31.9%), with median time of 169 (94-475) d. Univariate analysis found the following factors were not related to OS, DFS or relapse rate (RR), including age, sex, blood type and sex of donor-recipient, occurrence of aGVHD and cGVHD. The OS and DFS in cases reached FDC and no FDC at two months after transplantation were (85.2±6.9)% vs (66.1±7.7)% (P=0.051) and (76.7±7.7)% vs (48.9±8.1)% (P=0.021), respectively. The RR rate in FDC group was lower than that in no FDC group [(16.6±6.8)% vs (30.4±7.8)%, P=0.187, respectively]. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the important value for predicting the prognosis with whether or not the patients reached FDC at the early phase after allo-PBSCT. The OS and DFS in cases with FDC at two months after transplantation were significantly higher than those of no FDC patients.

Association of thrombelastogram with postoperative hemorrhage after total joint arthroplasty by structural equation modeling / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Postoperative anticoagulant therapy after hip and knee arthroplasties has been included in the perioperative management guidelines. However, the application of anticoagulant drugs accompanies with the risk of bleeding. Routine coagulation tests provide limited information about the quality of clots because they identify only the first stage of clotting, while thrombelastography provides a comprehensive assessment of coagulation function. But its practicality remains controversial and the research for bleeding after joint replacement is little reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution of thrombelastography parameters (time to initial fibrin formation, clotting time, α angle, and maximum amplitude) and to analyze the correlation of the four parameters with postoperative blood loss, thereby providing guidance for improving the safety and effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy. METHODS: Totally 148 patients with detection of thrombelastogram after arthroplasty from August 2015 to March 2017 in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled, including 76 cases of total hip arthroplasty and 72 cases of total knee arthroplasty. Thrombelastography data were collected on day 1 postoperatively, and the perioperative blood loss was calculated. Structural equation modeling of each group was constructed to investigate the relationship of four parameters and total blood loss. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the structural equation modeling of hip and knee arthroplasties, the root mean square error of approximation was less than 0.08, goodness-of-fit index, adjusted goodness-of-fit index, normed fit index and comparative fit index was all higher than 0.9, and Parsi-mony goodness-of-fit index was less than 2, so the theoretical model was matched with the data. (2) There was a correlation of postoperative hemorrhage with time to initial fibrin formation, clotting time, α angle, and maximum amplitude. (3) That is to say, thrombelastogram can be used as an efficient tool in predicting bleeding after hip and knee arthroplasties. Future study based on this research will further verify the correlation and provide more information for its clinical practice.