Regulatory effects and mechanisms of branched chain amino acids and metabolic intermediates on insulin resistance / 生理学报

Branched chain amino acids, as essential amino acids, can be used to synthesize nitrogen-containing compounds and also act as signal molecules to regulate substance metabolism. Studies have shown that the elevated level of branched chain amino acids is closely related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It can affect insulin signal transduction by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway, and regulate insulin resistance by damaging lipid metabolism and affecting mitochondrial function. In addition, abnormal catabolism of branched amino acids can lead to the accumulation of metabolic intermediates, such as branched chain α-keto acids, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate and β-aminoisobutyric acid. Branched chain α-keto acids and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate can induce insulin resistance by affecting insulin signaling pathway and damaging lipid metabolism. β-aminoisobutyric acid can improve insulin resistance by reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory reaction and enhancing fatty acid oxidation. This paper systematically reviewed the regulatory effects and mechanisms of branched chain amino acids and their metabolic intermediates on insulin resistance, which will provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Effects of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction on tear film and ocular surface / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effects of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction(PANDO)on the tear film and ocular surface using LipiView ocular surface interferometer and Keratograph 5M anterior segment analyzer.METHODS: A self-controlled clinical trials. A total of 40 patients diagnosed with unilateral PANDO for at least 6mo who were admitted to our department from September 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled in the study, and the healthy eyes of the patients were assessed as control group. The LipiView ocular surface interferometer and Keratograph 5M anterior segment analyzer were used to measure the changes in related parameters of the tear film and ocular surface in both eyes.RESULTS: The non-invasive tear meniscus height(NITMH), stimulated NITMH, loss rate of upper meibomian gland, nasal and temporal ciliary redness index, temporal conjunctival redness index of the affected eyes were higher than healthy eyes(P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences in the non-invasive break-up time(NIBUT), loss rate of lower meibomian gland, nasal conjunctival redness index, dry eye grading, blink responses, partial blink rate and lipid layer thickness(LLT)between the both eyes(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: PANDO may lead to the aggravation of ocular surface inflammation and the loss of upper meibomian gland, and damage the ocular surface of patients. Attention should be paid to the early treatment of PANDO.

Beneficial Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: A Biopsychosocial Perspective / 中国结合医学杂志

Lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by impaired physical function, chronic pain, compromised psychological health and decreased social functioning. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of OA. Tai Chi is a type of classical mind-body exercise derived from ancient Chinese martial arts. Evidence supports that Tai Chi has significant benefits for relieving lower limb OA symptoms. Using a biopsychosocial framework, this review aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in lower limb OA and disentangle its potential mechanisms from the perspective of biology, psychology, and social factors. Complex biomechanical, biochemical, neurological, psychological, and social mechanisms, including strengthening of muscles, proprioception improvement, joint mechanical stress reduction, change of brain activation and sensitization, attenuation of inflammation, emotion modulation and social support, are discussed.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Serum MiR-424 and MiR-765 in Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-424 and miR-765 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#The eighty-one MM patients admitted to Sanya Central Hospital from January 2017 to July 2020 were divided into phase Ⅰ (n=16), phase Ⅱ (n=25) and phase Ⅲ (n=40) according to the international staging system, while they were divided into IgG type (n=46), IgA type (n=19), light chain type (n=10) and non secretory type (n=6) according to the results of immunotyping. Another 50 healthy normal persons in the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of serum miR-424, miR-765 and Cystatin C (Cys-C) were measured in each group. The diagnostic value of serum miR-424, miR-765 and Cys-C in MM was estimated by ROC curve. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum levels of miR-424, miR-765 and Cys-C in MM patients.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of miR-424 (2.74±1.30 vs 0.85±0.26), miR-765 (2.05±0.82 vs 0.63±0.17) and Cys-C ［(2.18±0.86 vs 0.72±0.15) mg/L］ in MM group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001). The serum levels of miR-424 (5.08±2.36 vs 1.12±0.34, 2.24±0.93), miR-765 (3.50±1.52 vs 0.74±0.20, 1.78±0.65) and Cys-C ［(3.81±1.30 vs 0.92±0.24, 1.68±0.55) mg/L］ in MM patients at stage Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in patients at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.001). Also the serum levels of the three molecules in phase II were significantly higher than those in phase I (P<0.001). The serum levels of miR-424 and miR-765 in MM patients at IgG type were significantly higher than those at IgA, light chain and non secretory types (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (0.952，95%CI: 0.890-0.993) was greatest for the combination of miR-424, miR-765 and Cys-C for diagnosis of MM, and its sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% and 87.2%. The results of correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-424 and miR-765 were positively correlated with Cys-C (r=0.795，r=0.760).@*CONCLUSION@#The serum levels of miR-424 and miR-765 in MM patients are significantly increased in the pattern increasing with the progression of MM stage. Combined with Cys-C, miR-424 and miR-765 have high value in the diagnosis of MM.

Effect of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor precursor in mice cognitive dysfuction induced by social isolation / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) in cognitive dysfuction induced by social isolation. Methods Thirty C57BL / 6 J male mice (4-week old) were randomly divided into group house (GH,n = 15) and socially isolated (SI,n = 15) groups. The GH group (5 mice / cage) and SI group (1 mice / cage) were reared separately under the same conditions. The novel object recognition test and the novel place recognition test were used to evaluate the cognitive function. The expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus was detected by Real-time PCR. The expression of BDNF and proBDNF in hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were extracellular enzymes that catalyzed the transformation of proBDNF into mature BDNF. Expression of MMP-9 and tPA mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by Real-time PCR. Results Compared with the GH group, the SI group showed significantly reduced discrimination ratio in the novel object recognition test and novel place recognition test. The result of Real-time PCR showed that there was no difference in the expression of BDNF mRNA between SI group and GH group. The result of Western blotting showed that the expression level of proBDNF in the hippocampus of SI group increased significantly compared with the GH group (P<0. 01),and no difference in BDNF expression was found between the two groups; Compared with the GH group, the BDNF/ proBDNF ratio in the hippocampus of SI group decreased. In addition, the result of Real-time PCR showed that the expression level of MMP-9 and tPA mRNA in the hippocampus of SI group decreased significantly compared with the GH group. Conclusion The social isolation-induced cognitive dysfuction in mice may be related to the up-regulation of proBDNF in the hippocampus.

Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Against Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and high mortality， posing a great threat to human health. Neovascularization may be one of the important mechanisms of lung cancer. The growing lung cancer cells can obtain necessary nutrients from the newly formed blood vessels， thereby causing the spread and metastasis of lung cancer. Nowadays， anti-angiogenic drugs are commonly used in western medicine in addition to surgery，radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and immunotherapy. However， the resulting adverse reactions such as thrombosis， hypertension， diarrhea， and cardiotoxicity have seriously affected the quality of life of patients. As the recognition of angiogenesis deepens， the selection of lung cancer treatment options has become a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of lung cancer treatment. In traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， angiogenesis is believed to fall into the category of “collateral disease”. The invasion of external pathogens and deficiency of healthy Qi will cause visceral dysfunction， which can be gradually followed by Qi obstruction and blood stasis and phlegm-turbidity congesting the collaterals. As a result， the collateral function will be damaged， providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of lung cancer. More and more modern studies have confirmed that TCM is able to inhibit angiogenesis in the lung cancer， thereby resisting the tumor. In addition， by virtue of the unique advantages， TCM effectively reduces adverse reactions， enhances the efficacy， and improves the living conditions of patients. Moreover， it can synergize with other western medicine therapies in the treatment of lung cancer， exhibiting a wide application prospect. This paper summarizes the mechanisms of TCM in inhibiting angiogenesis of lung cancer reported in relevant experimental research， hoping to provide reference for the optimization of clinical treatment strategies for lung cancer.

The clinical efficacy and safety of Apatinib combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the patients with medium-and late-stage cervical cancer / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of Apatinib combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with medium-and late-stage cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 58 patients with medium-and late-stage cervical cancer treated in our hospital from December 2017 to December 2020 were randomly divided into the control group(receiving the radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, n=29)and the observation group(receiving Lapatinib combined with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, n=29). After 4 courses of continuous medication, the recent clinical efficacy, changes in tumor lesions, and adverse reactions were compared between the two group.Results:Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the size of tumor lesions between the two groups[(4.26±0.21)cm vs.(4.30±0.29)cm, P=0.550]. The tumor lesion size after treatment was significantly smaller both in observation group[(4.26±0.21) vs.(2.37±0.17)cm, P<0.01]and in the control group[(4.30±0.29) vs.(3.32±0.20)cm, P<0.01]. But image features revealed significantly smaller tumor lesion size in observation group than in the control group[(2.37±0.17)cm vs.(3.32±0.20)cm, P=0.000]. After treatment, the short-term total effective rates were significantly higher in the observation group(82.76%, 24/29)than in the control group(58.62%, 17/29), ( χ2=4.077, P=0.043). There was no statistical difference between the groups in incidences of diarrhea, rash, proteinuria, bone marrow suppression, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, etc. Conclusions:The treatment of Lapatinib combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively improve the clinical efficacy and reduce the size of the tumor lesions, and the adverse reactions can be tolerated in patients with medium-and late-stage cervical cancer.

miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p Sponges Up-regulate Kiss1 and Affect the Onset of Puberty and Estrous Cycle of Female Mice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Kisspeptin, the neuropeptide produced by Kiss1 neurons in the hypothalamus, is involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of puberty initiation, reproductive system maturation, ovulation and other processes by influencing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Kiss1 gene expression is regulated by multiple trans-regulatory factors and epigenetics. Prediction and preliminary experiments have shown that the seed sequences of miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p can directly bind to the 3′-UTR of Kiss1 and inhibit the expression of Kiss1. In order to further study the role of miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p in the regulation of Kiss1, specific absorptive sponge vectors (sponge-miR-92a and sponge-miR-25) with inhibitory effects on miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p were constructed to realize the functional loss of miRNA. Flow cytometry and dual luciferase reporter assays both confirmed that both sponge vectors could adsorb exogenous or endogenous target miRNAs very effectively. The sponge-miR-92a and sponge-miR-25 vectors are further packaged into the lentivirus LV-sponge-miR-92a and LV-sponge-miR-25. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of Kiss1 in the hypothalamic primary neurons infected by LV-sponge-miR-92a and LV-sponge-miR-25 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0. 05). After injecting LV-sponge-miR-92a into the hypothalamus, the time of female mouse vulva opening was significantly earlier (P<0. 05). The normal oestrus cycle of female mice with was disrupted by injections of LV-sponge-miR-92a and LV-sponge-miR-25 in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, we successfully constructed sponge vectors capable of effectively adsorbing miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p, and demonstrated their role in removing the inhibition of miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p on Kiss1. Hypothalamic sponge injection had a certain effect on both the time of vulva opening and the estrus cycle of female mice, suggesting that miR-92a-3p and miR-25-3p may play an important role in the initiation of puberty and reproductive maturity.

Application of " Basaga" in Mongolian Medicine Compound Preparations in Inner Mongolia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

" Basaga" is one of the commonly used medicinal materials in Mongolian medicine. It has a long history and effects in cooling blood, stopping stabbing pain and detoxifying. The " Basaga" in Mongolian medicine compound preparations have been widely used in various Mongolian hospitals because of its remarkable clinical efficacy. However, due to the differences in inheritance, medicinal parts and plants in Inner Mongolia, the phenomena of homonym and synonym in the application of " Basaga" have been very obvious, which leads to confusion in clinical use, and challenges the safety and effectiveness of this kind of Mongolian medicine. To understand the application of " Basaga" in Mongolian medicine compound preparation, and collect and summarize the types of " Basaga" preparations and the variety of " Basaga" used in preparations and formulations, functional indications and clinical applications were analyzed and collected based on standards and specifications of Mongolian medicine, the application of Mongolian medicine hospitals and Mongolian medicine hospital' s preparation room in Inner Mongolian, and relevant documents in recent years were reviewed. The data can provide references for optimizing and improving " Basaga" , Mongolian medicine standards and the overall standard level. What' s more, the basic data for strengthening the comprehensive development and research of " Basaga" in Mongolian medicine compound preparations in future, so as to ensure and improve the accuracy and clinical effectiveness of " Basaga" in prescriptions of Mongolian patent medicine, and lay a foundation for rational use and modern research of " Basaga" Mongolian medicine.

Variety textual research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" / 中国中药杂志

Mongolian medicine is an indispensable part in developing traditional Mongolian medicine. This study is aimed to provide a basis for the formulation of clinical and Mongolian medicinal materials standards by clarifying the original plant and species collation of Mongolia medicine of "saradma". Mongolian herbal medicine, as an important part of Mongolian medicine, is needed to study the authentic Mongolian medicine, in order to exert the best therapeutic effect in the application. The Mongolian medicine of "saradma" is a kind of medicinal material for diuresis, reinforcing kidney, and eliminating edema, for which comes from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and other parts of medicinal plant. The ancient books of Mongolian medicine are the most important reference the research of Mongolian medicine varieties. This review adopts the method of inductive comparison of ancient books in order to summarize the conclusion of Mongolian medicine of "saradma". According to the investigations, Mongolian medicine of "saradma" type is mainly Leguminosae plant, Oxytropis latibracteata, Hedysarum multijugum, Thermopsis barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Vicia amoena, O. caerulea, Astragalus bhotanensis, Hedysarum sikkimense. Compared with modern works, it is found that the drug has a wide range of resources distribution and application. It can be used for the treatment of cold edema, hot edema, nephrogenic edema, edema, swelling and likes caused by different diseases. Based on the research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" varieties, it was found that the most commonly used varieties in Inner Mongolia were cayan saradma, xara saradam and sira saradma all of which are all top-grade drugs that reduce swelling.

Potential contribution of the gut microbiota to hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Obesity has become a global health problem. Lifestyle modification and medical treatment only appear to yield short-term weight loss. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most popular bariatric procedure, and it sustains weight reduction and results in the remission of obesity-associated comorbidities for obese individuals. However, patients who undergo this surgery may develop hypoglycemia. To date, the diagnosis is challenging and the prevalence of post-RYGB hypoglycemia (PRH) is unclear. RYGB alters the anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and has a combined effect of caloric intake restriction and nutrient malabsorption. Nevertheless, the physiologic changes after RYGB are complex. Although hyperinsulinemia, incretin effects, dysfunction of β-cells and α-cells, and some other factors have been widely investigated and are reported to be possible mediators of PRH, the pathogenesis is still not completely understood. In light of the important role of the gut microbiome in metabolism, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome might also be a critical link between RYGB and hypoglycemia. In this review, we mainly highlight the current possible factors predisposing individuals to PRH, particularly related to the gut microbiota, which may yield significant insights into the intestinal regulation of glucose metabolic homeostasis and provide novel clues to improve the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Early-life nutrition and metabolic disorders in later life: a new perspective on energy metabolism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders have become an epidemic globally. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unclear and the prevention and treatment are still limited. In addition to environmental factors during adulthood, early life is the critical developmental window with high tissue plasticity, which might be modified by external environmental cues. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the vital role of early-life nutrition in programming the metabolic disorders in later life. In this review, we aim to overview the concepts of fetal programming and investigate the effects of early-life nutrition on energy metabolism in later life and the potential epigenetic mechanism. The related studies published on PubMed database up to March 2020 were included. The results showed that both maternal overnutrition and undernutrition increased the riskes of metabolic disorders in offspring and epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, miRNAs, and histone modification, might be the vital mediators. The beneficial effects of early-life lifestyle modifications as well as dietary and nutritional interventions on these deleterious metabolic remolding were initially observed. Overall, characterizing the early-life malnutrition that reshapes metabolic disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early prevention and intervention and provide a new point of view to the energy metabolism.

Association of Overlapped and Un-overlapped Comorbidities with COVID-19 Severity and Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nine Provinces in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear.@*Methods@#A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( @*Results@#Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks.@*Conclusion@#Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Therapeutic effect of amlodipine atorvastatin calcium tablet on hypertensive patients and its influence on blood pressure and blood lipids / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore therapeutic effect of amlodipine atorvastatin calcium tablet on hypertensive pa-tients .Methods : A total of 112 hypertensive patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into amlodipine group (received amlodipine 5mg／d) and amlodipine atorvastatin group (received amlodipine atorvastatin calcium tablet 15mg／d) ,both groups were treated for eight weeks .Therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse reac- tions ,blood pressure and blood lipids before and after treatment were compared between two groups .Results : Com-pared with before treatment ,there were significant reduction in levels of blood pressure and blood lipids (except sig-nificant rise in HDL-C level) in two groups after treatment , P＜0-05 or ＜0-01 ;compared with amlodipine group , there was significant rise in total effective rate (62-5% vs.96-4%, P＝0-001) ,and significant reduction in inci-dence rate of adverse reactions (28-5% vs.3-5%) , P＝ 0-003 ;significant reductions in levels of blood pressure [ (147-5 ± 10-1)／(90-7 ± 8-2) mmHg vs.(133-2 ± 9-4)／(86-9 ± 8-2) mmHg] ,total cholesterol [ (5-7 ± 1-3) mmol／L vs .(5-2 ± 0-8) mmol／L] ,triglyceride [(2-5 ± 1-2) mmol／L vs.(1-9 ± 0-5) mmol／L] and low density lip-oprotein cholesterol [ (4-1 ± 0-7) mmol／L vs.(3-1 ± 0-6) mmol／L] in amlodipine atorvastatin group , P＜0-05 or＜0-01- Conclusion : Amlodipine atorvastatin calcium tablet can significantly improve blood pressure and blood lipids with few adverse reactions in hypertensive patients ,which is worth extending .

Application of Mirror Visual Feedback in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Mirror visual feedback, as a rehabilitation technique based on the theory of mirror neuron, was first used in the treatment of phantom limb pain, and then was widely used in stroke, peripheral nerve injury and so on. In recent years, it has also been used in the rehabilitation of complex regional pain syndrome type II. Mirror visual feedback could relieve the pain, and improve the motor function and the quality of life of patients, which may be related to the activation of mirror neurons, excitation of motor representative area and visual feedback.

Effect of Fugan Huaxian Decoction on MAPK signaling pathway in model rats with hepatic fibrosis / 中草药

Objective: To research the effect of Fugan Huaxian Decoction on MAPK signaling pathway in rats with hepatic fibrosis (HF) and explore the mechanism of anti-HF. Methods: A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, colchicine group and Fugan Huaxian Decoction group (high, medium and low dose groups), with 20 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group were SD rats, and the rats model in the remaining groups were established into HF rats with syndrome of qi deficiency, poison weakness and blood stasis on the basis of the HF model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Moreover, the rats were also received tail clamping, forced swimming, abnormal of starvation and full as well as rhubarb gavage. Liver pathology was performed on all rats after six weeks of modeling. After the validation model was successful, each group was given different doses of gavage, colchicine group (2 mg/kg), high, medium and low dose groups of Fugan Huaxian Decoction were intra-gastrically administered (67.08, 33.54, and 16.77 g/kg), normal group and model group were given pure water 2 mL/d for three weeks continuously. On the second day of last gavage, the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALB, LN, HyP and PIIINP were detected in each group. HE staining and Masson staining were performed on liver tissues. The expression of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and P38-related protein and their phosphorylated protein in liver MAPK signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting. The results of quantitative analysis were expressed as p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK, p-p38/p38 ratio. Results: In model group, hepatic tissue cells were severely infiltrated and fibrotic, while, the degree of liver injury and fibrosis were significantly reduced in other groups. Compared with normal group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, Hyp, LN and PIIINP in model group were increased significantly, ALB was decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the protein expression of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 was increased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, Fugan Huaxian Decoction decreased serum ALT, AST, Hyp, LN and PIIINP levels of rats, increased ALB content and down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated protein of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, and it showed in a dose-dependent manner, the high dose group worked the best. Conclusion: The model of qi deficiency, poison weakness and blood stasis combined with HF model rats was successfully established. Fugan Huaxian Decoction not only protects hepatocytes, alleviates liver injury and inhibits HF, but also regulates the protein expressions of p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, as well as inhibits MAPK signaling pathway activation, which may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-HF function.

Set-up Errors Distribution Prediction Model for Pelvic Tumors Radiotherapy of Varian NovalisTX Medical Linear Accelerator Based on Gaussian Mixtures / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To constructset-up errors distribution prediction model for pelvic tumors patients radiotherapy of Varian NovalisTX medical linear accelerator.【Methods】The IGRT set-up errors data of 30 pelvic tumor patients after radiotherapywere analyzed，and Gaussian Mixtures was used to construct the errors distribution prediction model and to solve the model parameters.【Results】The set-up errors is mainly concentrated in four central points of μ1~μ4. The coordinates of each central points shows that the offsets of vertical（-3.88~4.28）mm and Longitudinal（-2.41~1.54）mm were larger than that of lateral（-1.85~0.72）mm. The possibility of offsets clustering near μ2 and μ4（0.301，0.310）is greater than μ1 and μ3（0.190，0.196）. And the standard deviation of set- up errors can be up to 5.2 mm.【Conclusions】The Gaussian Mixtures Model made quantitative description and prediction analys is for the set- up errors distribution，which provide references for set-up errors control and planning target expansion of pelvic tumor radiotherapy in the absence of IGRT.

Clinical study on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment of pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation in the treatment of pneumoconiosis.@*Methods@#We selected 160 pneumoconiosis patients who were hospitalized in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2016. 102 patients were divided into experimental groups, and the other 58 patients were assigned to the control group. These patients were randomly assigned. The control group was given routine treatment, while the experimental group received conventional treatment combined with TCM syndrome differentiation. We rated patients' quality of life using the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale. C-reactive protein levels in both groups before and after treatment were detected by ELISA. Furthermore, we detected the expression levels of IL-6 mRNA and TGF-β mRNA in serum before and after treatment by RT-PCR.The analysis was performed with SPSS19.0 software. The normal distribution measurement data was expressed by Mean±SD, and the t-test was used for statistical analysis. Non-normal distribution measurement data were expressed as median(M) and interquartile range (P25, P75), and non-parametric test was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the readmission rate in the experimental group decreased within 3 months; The SF-36 quality of life score results of the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in BP, VT and RE (P<0.05);The levelofCRPdecreasedsignificantlyafter treatment in bothgroups,and thedifferencewasstatistically significant (P<0.05).Comparedwith thecontrolgroup, the levelsofIL-6mRNAandTGF-β1mRNA alsodecreased (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#TCM syndromedifferentiation and treatmentofpneumoconiosis can effectively improve the patient's condition and life quality. We predict that it may inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in pneumoconiosis.

Roles and mechanism of microRNAs in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin resistance / 生理学报

Insulin resistance is a common pathophysiological mechanism of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Skeletal muscle is one of the major target organs of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, metabolism and utilization, and it is the earliest and most important site of insulin resistance. Studies have shown that the impairments of glucose uptake, insulin signaling pathway and mitochondrial biosynthesis are closely related to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. When insulin resistance develops in skeletal muscle, multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) are up-regulated (miR-106b, miR-23a, miR-761, miR-135a, Let-7 and miR-29a) or down-regulated (miR-133a, miR-149 and miR-1). They participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake, insulin signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis, and thus play important roles in the occurrence and development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Therefore, these miRNAs may serve as potential targets for the treatment of skeletal muscle insulin resistance or diabetes.

Signaling pathways controlling skeletal muscle mass / 生理学报

The skeletal muscle mass accounts for more than 40% of the body weight of healthy adults. The skeletal muscle not only plays an important role in physical activities but also affects the function of other organs as a secretory organ secreting multiple muscle factors. Therefore, it is important to maintain the normal quantity and function of skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle mass is the basis of skeletal muscle function and is often affected by many factors such as exercise and disease. Resistance exercise training induces increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells, while limb disuse, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cachexia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and many other pathological conditions lead to decreased protein synthesis or enhanced protein degradation of skeletal muscle cells. The process of skeletal muscle hypertrophy involves changes in multiple signaling pathways, such as IGF-1/PI3K/Akt, myostatin and G protein. On the other hand, activations of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, IGF-1/Akt/FoxO, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, NF-κB, and the glucocorticoid-mediated signaling pathways play important roles in regulating muscle atrophy. These signaling pathways regulate skeletal muscle mass and are modulated by some different conditions. This review briefly summarizes the signaling pathways of skeletal muscle mass control.