Rapamycin improves learning and memory ability in ICR mice with pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, on learning and memory ability of mice with pilocarpine (PILO)-induced seizure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty male adult ICR mice were randomly grouped as vehicle control (n=20), rapamycin control (n=20), PILO model (n=40), rapamycin pre-treatment (n=40) and rapamycin post-treatment (n=40). PILO model and rapamycin treatment groups were injected with PILO to induce temporal lobe seizure. Rapamycin was administrated for 3 days before or after seizure. Morris water maze, Y maze and open field were used for the assessment of learning and memory, and FJB and Timm staining were conducted to detect the neuronal cell death and mossy fiber sprouting, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant cell death was observed in the mice with PILO-induced seizure. The learning and memory were impaired in mice 7 to 10 days after PILO-induced seizure, which was evident by prolongation of avoiding latency (P<0.05), decrease in number of correct reaction (P<0.01) and number of crossing (P<0.05). Treatment with rapamycin both pre-and post- PILO injection reversed seizure-induced cognitive impairment. In addition, rapamycin inhibited the mossy fiber sprouting after seizure (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rapamycin improves learning and memory ability in ICR mice after PILO-induced seizure, and its mechanism needs to be further studied.</p>

Comparison of seizure induced by different drugs in ICR Mice / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare seizure induced by different epileptic drugs in ICR mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male adult ICR mice were injected with pilocarpine (Pilo), kainic acid (KA) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to induce status epilepticus (SE). After 2 h of SE, seizures were terminated by injection of diazepam. Mice were sacrificed and sectioned for assessment of neuronal cell death by Fluro-Jade B staining after 7 d and mossy fiber sprouting by Timm staining after 28 d, respectively. Spontaneous seizures were detected by video for 28 d.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pilo and KA induced typical SE in ICR mice, which was identical to those observed in rats and C57/BL6 mice. Timm staining showed evident mossy fiber sprouting in both Pilo and KA treated mice. The incidences of spontaneous seizure were 57.1% and 35.7% in Pilo and KA treated mice, respectively. Mice treated with PTZ represented kindling model. No mossy fiber sprouting and spontaneous seizures were observed. No cell death was detected in all three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Similar seizure pattern is observed in ICR mice as in rats and C57/BL6 mice. Both Pilo and KA model are the ideal models for chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. ICR mice can be widely used as a cheaper substitute in epilepsy research.</p>

Prospective Randomized Controlled Study on Two Anesthesia Methods for Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy and side-effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA)and epidural anesthesia(EA)for ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy.Methods A total of 60 patients with ureteral calculi(ASA gradeⅠ-Ⅱ)were divided into A and B groups randomly(30 in each).CSEA was performed in group A,and EA was carried out in group B.Anesthetic effects and side-effects were observed in both the groups.Results Anesthetic effects were satisfying in both the groups,no patient had headache after the operation.The onset time of anesthesia in group A was shorter than that in group B [(7.2?4.1)min vs(17.4?3.3)min,t=-10.615,P=0.000].The level of motor block of CSEA was stronger than that of EA(?2=40.000,P=0.000).No significant differences were found between the two groups in the number of patients who developed hypotension(6 in group A and 3 in group B,?2=0.523,P=0.470)or shivering(9 in group A and 6 in group B,?2=0.800,P=0.371).Conclusions Both CSEA and EA are applicable to ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy.CSEA is more efficient than EA.