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Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on serum visfatin and the level of visfatin mRNA in visceral adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into normal diet group (NC) and diabetic group.The rats in the diabetic group were fed with high glucose and high fat diet, and then injected with streptozotocin (STZ).The diabetic rats were divided into diabetic control (DC), metformin (MET), and insulin-treatment (INS) groups.Eight weeks later, body weight (BW) , visceral adipose tissue weight, and biochemical indicators were assessed.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Lee index were calculated.The serum visfatin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA), and the visfatin mRNA levels of visceral adipose tissues were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Compared to group DC, the visfatin levels of serum and visceral adipose tissue mRNA were lower in INS group, but did not have significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);the visfatin levels of serum and visceral adipose tissue mRNA in MET group were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Metformin can reduce the visfatin levels of serum and visceral adipose tissue mRNA, and improve the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Objective To explore the design of forehead flap pedicled with supratrochlear artery and shift way for aesthetic reconstruction of the nose without secondary operations for debulking.Methods Origin of blood supplies and the distributed situation of the vessel in the frontal region were studied through the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery X-ray angiography.The frontal region existed polyphyletic blood supplies,the supratrochlear artery and the supraorbital artery set out many branches,respectively,in the level of frontal bone eyebrow plane.One constant,thicker horizontal branch from the superficial temporal artery obviously extended to the forehead median.The branches from three blood vessels mentioned above constituted the network of artery adequate in the muscle and the subcutaneous tissue level,assumed the three-dimensional distribution in the forchead region.The nasal reconstruction had been done for 9 patients with the oblique orientation designed forehead flap by using one side of supratrochlear artery as the pedicle and cutting skin paddle with the same or the opposite side of forehead flap.Results All flap survived completely with the restoration of nasal shape and functional satisfaction.Conclusion The forehead oblique orientation flap pedicled with one side supratrochlear artery is nourished by the rich blood supply.The flap can be split into two flaps:a myofascial flap and a skin flap in far part.Myofascial flap may be the good package of cartilage framework,and simultaneously split skin flap is favorable of the shape models.The flap may satisfy the demand of the nasal restoration.