Experimental study of exercise prescription intervention on the university students' health / Estudo experimental de intervenção por prescrição de exercício físico na saúde de estudantes universitários / Estudio experimental de la intervención de prescripción de ejercicio sobre la salud de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction Disparate to the development of society, health indices in Chinese college students have shown a pronounced decline in recent years. Government concern over this recent challenge has encouraged research for practical solutions, including optimized physical activity protocols. Objective Explore the effects of an exercise intervention on the health of Chinese university students. Methods Full-time university students (80 males and 55 females) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Before and after the experiment, the college students' body composition scale and exercise experience were tested, focusing on the relationship between exercise prescription and changes in physical and mental health indicators. Results The body fat percentage of male and female students decreased significantly after the experiment. After eight weeks of the exercise prescription experiment, the weight of male and female college students was controlled or reduced. The suggested exercise prescription achieved a good moderating effect on the weight of the volunteers. There was a significant difference between the two groups, indicating that the experiment had a beneficial effect on vital capacity (p<0.01). Conclusion The suggested exercise prescription proved to be feasible to guide and intervene in the physical exercise of college students aiming at a beneficial impact on the physical health of college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Díspares ao desenvolvimento da sociedade, os índices de saúde nos estudantes universitários chineses apresentam uma queda acentuada nos últimos anos. A preocupação governamental sobre esse recente desafio tem incentivado pesquisas para soluções práticas, incluindo protocolos de atividades físicas otimizados. Objetivo Explorar os efeitos da intervenção por exercícios físicos na saúde dos estudantes universitários chineses. Métodos Universitários de período integral (80 homens e 55 mulheres) foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Antes e depois do experimento, foi testada a escala de composição corporal e experiência de exercício dos universitários, com foco na relação entre prescrição de exercício e mudanças nos indicadores de saúde física e mental. Resultados O percentual de gordura corporal de estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino diminuiu significativamente após o experimento. Após 8 semanas de experimento de prescrição de exercícios, o peso de estudantes universitários do sexo masculino e feminino foi controlado ou reduzido. A prescrição de exercícios sugerida alcançou um bom efeito moderador no peso dos voluntários. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos, indicando que o experimento teve efeito benéfico sobre a capacidade vital (p<0,01). Conclusão A prescrição de exercícios sugerida demonstrou-se viável para orientar e intervir no exercício físico dos universitários visando um impacto benéfico sobre a saúde física nos universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción A diferencia del desarrollo de la sociedad, los índices de salud de los estudiantes universitarios chinos muestran un fuerte descenso en los últimos años. La preocupación de los gobiernos por este reciente desafío ha fomentado la investigación de soluciones prácticas, entre ellas la optimización de los protocolos de actividad física. Objetivo Explorar los efectos de la intervención de ejercicio en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios chinos. Métodos Se seleccionaron estudiantes universitarios a tiempo completo (80 hombres y 55 mujeres) y se asignaron al azar en dos grupos. Antes y después del experimento, se analizó la escala de composición corporal de los estudiantes universitarios y su experiencia con el ejercicio, centrándose en la relación entre la prescripción de ejercicio y los cambios en los indicadores de salud física y mental. Resultados El porcentaje de grasa corporal de los estudiantes masculinos y femeninos disminuyó significativamente después del experimento. Tras 8 semanas del experimento de prescripción de ejercicio, el peso de los estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos se controló o redujo. La prescripción de ejercicio sugerida logró un buen efecto moderador en el peso de los voluntarios. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos, lo que indica que el experimento tuvo un efecto beneficioso sobre la capacidad vital (p<0,01). Conclusión La prescripción de ejercicio sugerida demostró ser factible para guiar e intervenir en el ejercicio físico de los estudiantes universitarios apuntando a un impacto beneficioso en la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effective forms of physical exercise to promote the health of college students / Formas efetivas de exercício físico para promover a saúde dos estudantes universitários / Formas efectivas de ejercicio físico para promover la salud de los estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Objective: Given the current scenario of development and progress, we intend to raise effective alternatives for promoting physical exercise in college students. Methods: A literature review was carried out to identify college students' behavior characteristics and the points that deserve more attention in their physical health. Results: Factors such as unhealthy nutrition, high-stress load, and lack of physical activity lead to poor physical fitness in the university population. Conclusions: The development of public policies should be people-oriented, advertising a university education as a place for training and exporting talent can enrich the sporting life of college students, improve the quality of public class teaching in physical education, promote good exercise habits among college students and then improve their physical and mental health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results

RESUMO Objetivo: Dado o atual cenário de desenvolvimento e progresso, pretendemos levantar alternativas eficazes para a promoção do exercício físico nos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Foi executada uma revisão bibliográfica para levantar as características no comportamento do universitário e os pontos que merecem maior atenção em sua saúde física. Resultados: Fatores como nutrição desregrada, alta carga de estresse e principalmente a falta de atividades físicas levam a uma aptidão física deficitária da população universitária. Conclusões: o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas deve ser orientado para a população universitária, a propaganda de uma educação universitária como um lugar de treinamento e exportação de talentos pode enriquecer a vida esportiva dos estudantes universitários, melhorar a qualidade do ensino da classe pública em educação física, promover bons hábitos de exercício entre os estudantes universitários e então melhorar sua saúde física e mental. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento

RESUMEN Objetivo: Ante el actual escenario de desarrollo y progreso, nos proponemos plantear alternativas eficaces para la promoción del ejercicio físico en los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para plantear las características en el comportamiento de los estudiantes universitarios y los puntos que merecen más atención en su salud física. Resultados: Factores como una alimentación poco saludable, una elevada carga de estrés y principalmente la falta de actividades físicas conducen a una deficiente aptitud física de la población universitaria. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de las políticas públicas debe orientarse hacia la población universitaria, la propaganda de la educación universitaria como lugar de formación y de exportación de talentos puede enriquecer la vida deportiva de los universitarios, mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza de las clases públicas de educación física, promover los buenos hábitos de ejercicio entre los universitarios y mejorar así su salud física y mental. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento

Analysis of influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders in surgeons / 中国职业医学

@# Objective - - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of multi site work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods WMSDs in surgeons. A total of 102 surgeons from four hospitals were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of ， Results WMSDs in the past one year the related individuals and occupational factors. The total prevalence of WMSDs among （ ）， （ ） （ ） surgeons was 54.9%. The top three sites were neck 48.0% lower back 35.3% and shoulder 32.4% . The prevalence of （ vs ，P ） WMSDs in multiple sites was higher than that in a single site 43.1% 11.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that surgeons who smoked were tired at work and had a bent back had a higher risk of developing WMSDs ［ （ - ）， （ - ）， （ - ）， P ］ odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.66 1.41 9.46 8.33 2.15 32.20 and 18.74 2.14 166.77 all <0.01 Conclusion - after excluding the influence of confounding factors. The prevalence rate of multi site WMSDs among surgeons is ， high and the influencing factors include bad living habits and occupational factors such as working load and working posture.

Relationships among psychological stress, achievement motivation and psychological capital in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study explored the relationships among psychological stress, achievement motivation and psychological capital in college students to provide a reference for improving the level of psychological capital in college students.@*Methods@#A multi stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 9 940 college students from ten universities in Anhui Province. The achievement motivation scale (AMS), psychological stress scale (SRQ-20) and psychological capital scale (PPQ) were applied. The moderating effect of the questionnaire was analyzed with χ 2 tests, Spearman rank correlation and stratified regression.@*Results@#Statistical differences were found in psychological stress according to major, whether students leader, family economic status and whether students had left behind experience ( χ 2=15.50, 10.25, 28.61, 25.55, P <0.05). The rank correlation results indicated that psychological stress was negatively correlated with the pursuit of success ( r =-0.27) and four dimensions of self efficacy,optimism,hope and resilence in psychological capital ( r =-0.43, -0.41,-0.36,-0.45)( P <0.05), and was positively correlated with the avoidance of failure ( r =0.25, P <0.05). The stratified regression model indicated that psychological stress in the dimensions of college students achievement motivation (pursuit of success: β =0.02, Δ R 2=0.01, P <0.01; failure avoidance: β = 0.03 , Δ R 2=0.01, P <0.01) played a moderating role in the relationship between psychological capital and psychological capital.@*Conclusion@#Being female, senior students, low household economic status, and left behind experience are associated with more psychological stress among college students. Psychological stress is correlated with achievement motivation and psychological capital, and has a moderating effect on the relationship between achievement motivation and psychological capital.

The role of rejection sensitivity in the relationship between the psychological resilience and social adaptability of college students with left behind experience / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the role of rejection sensitivity in the relationship between the psychological resilience and social adaptability of college students with left behind experience, so as to provide reference for college students to beffer adapt to the society.@*Methods@#Self designed questionnaire, the Conor Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC), the Chinese College Students Adaptation Scale(CCSAS), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) were administered among 3 418 college students from four universities in Anhui Province with the stratified cluster sampling method. This research investigation used AMOS version 21.0 to construct a structural equation model of rejection sensitivity, psychological resilience, and social adaptability, to analyze the mediation effect.@*Results@#There were 1 324 college students with lefe behind experience. Compared with college students without left behind experience[(64.47±13.79)(197.90±25.57)(10.86±2.98)], students with left behind experience exhibited lower levels of psychological resilience, social adaptability, and rejection sensitivity[(63.26±13.69)(195.14±24.60)(10.45±2.91)](t=-2.50, -3.12, -3.87, P<0.05); Rejection sensitivity was negatively associated with social adaptability, and psychological resilience among college students with left behind experience(r=-0.24, -0.22, P<0.01), while social adaptability was positively correlated with psychological resilience(r=0.64, P<0.01). The results of the mediation model showed that psychological resilience affected the mediation path of social adaptability by rejection sensitivity (mediation effect value=0.02, 95%CI=0.01-0.05, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Left behind experience had a negative impact on the psychological resilience and social adaptability of undergraduates. With respect to the psychological resilience of undergraduates with left behind experience, rejection sensitivity played a mediating role in the social adaptability relationship.

Associate factors of mobile phone dependence and predictive value of psychological resilience among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore associated factors of mobile phone dependence and its relation with psychological resilience among college students.@*Methods@#College students from 5 universities in Hefei were randomly selected through multi-stage sampling (stratified clustering) and investigated with questionnaires. A total of 2 502 college students were included in the analysis.@*Results@#Mobile phone dependence among college students differed by gender (χ2=18.25, P<0.01), residence (χ2=17.71, P<0.01), whether in a relationship(χ2=8.09, P<0.01), grade(χ2=19.58, P<0.01), only child(χ2=7.48, P<0.01), family economic status (χ2=17.43, P<0.01) and time spent in mobile phone (χ2=73.46，P<0.01) while no similar differences were found by family structure and length of mobile phone ownership. Spearman correlation showed negative correlation (P<0.01) between mobile phone dependence and psychological resilience. Logistic regression model results showed that female, not in a relationship, lower grade, less time spent in mobile phone and high psychological resilience were negatively correlated with mobile phone dependence. Compared with students from rural areas, urban area was positively associated with mobile phone dependence. Emotional control, family support, and interpersonal assistance associated with lower risk for mobile phone dependence.@*Conclusion@#Mobile phone dependence is affected by gender, relationship status, grade, usage duration, and residence. High psychological resilience associated negatively with risk for mobile phone dependence.

1-Deoxynojirimycin from Bacillus subtilis improves antioxidant and antibacterial activities of juvenile Yoshitomi tilapia

Background: Juvenile Yoshitomi tilapia is often infected by pathogens and results in low-level survival rate. Bacillus subtilis, as a probiotic, may have beneficial effects on Y. tilapia with compound 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), which has antibacterial activities. The effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on Y. tilapias were evaluated. Results: Juvenile Y. tilapia was fed with B. subtilis for 56 d. Y. tilapia was infected by Aeromonas hydrophila and survival rate was compared. Dietary B. subtilis increased weight gain rate, specific growth, food conversion ratios and food intake rate of Y. tilapia. The diet improved the cumulative survival rate (CSR) of juvenile Y. tilapia when the concentration of B. subtilis was more than 2.05 × 1010 cfu/kg and CSR reached a maximum rate when the concentration of bacillus was 4.23 × 1010 (P b 0.05). Meanwhile, B. subtilis improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC), spleen index, the activities of serum lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (P b 0.05). In contrast, B. subtilis reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and C3 complement (P b 0.05). DNJ was isolated from secondary metabolisms and proved to increase the levels of SOD, CAT and reduce the levels of AST, ALT and MDA at cell levels. After A. hydrophila infection, DNJ prevented the reduction in survival rate of Y. tilapia (P b 0.05). Conclusions: 1-Deoxynojirimycin from Bacillus subtilis can be used to improve the growth performance of juvenile Y. tilapia by affecting its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Evaluation of the estrogenic effects of Bisphenol-A on male freshwater prawn Macrobrachium asperulum.

Bisphenol-A (BPA), a known endocrine-disrupting chemical that is distributed world wide, is extensively employed in industry, dentistry and consumer household products. This study was conducted to explore the estrogenic effects of BPA on the male freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium asperulum, by examining the daily survival rate, molting frequency, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and levels of vitellogenin-like protein. Results revealed that BPA can elicit the expression of vitellogenin-like protein (0.09 and 0.09 mg P·(mg protein)-1, respectively) in male organisms exposed to 0.1 and 1 ng l-1 BPA at day 7. Moreover, prawns were perceived to be sensitive to estrogenic compounds. Hence, it can be concluded that M. asperulum can be used as a species for biomonitoring, and levels of vitellogenin-like protein in males are a useful biomarker for detecting estrogenic contaminations.

Prevalence of malformed frogs in Kaoping and Tungkang river basins of southern Taiwan.

In this study, we found many amphibians with bizarre appearances, known as malformations in Pingtung County, southern Taiwan. For this investigation we collected frogs inhabiting the Kaoping and Tungkang river watersheds between February 2006 and June 2007. Among the total number of 10,909 normal frogs (i.e., anurans) collected during the investigation period, the Indian rice frogs (Rana limnocharis) account for the greatest number; next is the Chinese bullfrog (Rana rugulosa). Of all the 244 captured malformed frogs, the Indian rice frog account for the greatest proportion. These malformed frogs have their main distribution in upstream areas of these two rivers. Our result indicates that the appearance rate of malformed frogs is 1.8% in the upstream reaches of the Kaoping River and 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively in the upstream and midstream reaches of the Tungkang river. The most-commonly-found malformation is the lack of palms, followed by the lack of appendages, exostosis, and a malformed appendicular. It is, therefore, reasonable to speculate that the causes for the malformation may be related to the increased organic pollutants and agricultural chemicals used in the upstream reaches of these two rivers.

Interaction among Rb/pl6,Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 Proteins in Gallbladder Carcinoma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The mechanism and interaction among Rb/p16,Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma were investigated. By using the immunoprecipitation method,the interactions among Rb,pl6,E2F1,HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma cell line (Mz-ChA-1) were studied.It was found that there were Rb and E2F1 proteins in the precipitates with anti-HDAC1,and there were HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in the precipitate with anti-Rb. It was concluded that there are specific interactions among Rb,HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma,indicating the existence of the direct Rb/E2F1/HDAC1 signal transduction pathway. There is no direct relationship between p16 proteins with Rb,HDAC1,and E2F1 proteins.

Abnormal Calcium "Sparks" in Cardiomyocytes of Post-myocardial Infarction Heart / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In ischemic hypertrophic myocardium, contractile dysfunction can be attributed to the decreased calcium induced calcium release (CICR) in cytoplasm. This study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological properties and the expression of L calcium channel subunits in post-MI myocardium. The ischemic heart remodeling model was established in SD rats. The expressions of calcium channel subunits were determined by realtime RT-PCR. Whole cell patch clamp was used to record the electrophysiological properties of L calcium channel. The results showed that the L calcium channel agonist Bayk 8644 induced the significantly decreased CICR in the rat cardiomyocyte 6weeks after myocardial infarction (MI). In the post-MI cardiomyocytes, the amplitude of ICaL decreased dramatically and the inactivation curve of the current shifted to more negative potential. At mRNA level, the expression of the calcium channel alphalc, beta2c subunits decreased dramatically in the ventricle of post-MI rats. The expression of alpha2/delta subunit, however, remained constant.It is concluded that the abnormal expression of the L calcium channel subunits in post-MI cardiomyocytes contributes to the ICaL decrease at early stage of the ischemic remodeling in cardiomyocytes,which leads to the decreased CICR in the cell and contractile dysfunction of myocardium.