Early diagnostic value of mNGS for 15 cases with critical rickettsial disease in Hainan / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for patients with critically ill atypical rickettsial infections in the early diagnosis and therapy.Methods:From Jan 2020 to Aug 2022, clinical features, blood biochemical results, imaging data and mNGS results in patients with unexplained critical illnesses were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the positive rate of mNGS and weil felix reaction.Results:All 15 patients with rickettsial disease had fever, 12 cases had headache, but only 3 had a typical rash or scab of diagnostic significance, 6 had septic shock and all had multi-organ dysfunction; blood mNGS tests were positive in 15 cases, of which 10 had Orientia tsutsugamushi detected in their blood and the remaining five had Rickettsia moschata detected in their blood. The positive rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of the weil felix reaction (15/15 vs 0, P<0.001). All patients were given doxycycline and other treatments after diagnosis, of which 14 improved and were discharged, and one died 1 week after discharge due to critical condition and abandonment of treatment. Conclusion:mNGS can improve the detection rate of atypical rickettsiae in patients with negative routine test results, which can provide valuable reference basis for early diagnosis and early anti-infection treatment of patients with critical rickettsial disease.

Comparison between white light endoscopy and narrow-band imaging endoscopy in predicting histological healing of ulcerative colitis in remission / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of mucosal vascular pattern (MVP) under narrow-band imaging (NBI) enteroscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission for histological healing and clinical recurrence.Methods:A total of 142 patients with UC in clinical remission who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021 were included in the study and underwent colonoscopy. The white light and NBI endoscopic images were collected and biopsies were obtained. The Mayo endoscopic score (MES) was calculated based on white light images, and MVP staging was evaluated based on mucosal vascular patterns under NBI. Nancy index (NI) was used to evaluate histological healing and patients were followed up for 1 year. The Spearman correlation coefficients of MES and MVP with histological healing and recurrence were calculated. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under curve (AUC) was applied to evaluate the accuracy of white light and NBI endoscopy for predicting histological healing of UC in clinical remission.Results:According to the MVP criteria, 47 were defined as clear, 63 blurred, and 32 invisible. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between MVP under NBI and histological healing ( r=0.549, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and histological healing ( r=0.462, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between MVP under NBI and clinical recurrence ( r=0.451, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and clinical recurrence ( r=0.352, P<0.001). AUC of NBI for diagnosing histological healing of UC in clinical remission was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.738-0.879), with a sensitivity of 84.6% (77/91) and specificity of 64.7% (33/51), superior to the white light endoscopy, of which AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.763 (95% CI: 0.678-0.848), 81.3% (74/91) and 66.7% (34/51). Conclusion:MVP staging under NBI could predict histological healing of UC patients in clinical remission and is superior to white light endoscopy.

Long-term survival influencing and risk factors in peritoneal dialysis patients: a single center study in Southwest China / 中华肾脏病杂志

Patients who initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2013 were enrolled in the single center and retrospective study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to analyze the long-term survival rates, technique survival rates and associated influencing factors. Patients were followed up until December 31, 2021 or endpoints occurred (death or stopping PD treatment). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate survival rates and technique survival rates. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of death and technique failure in PD patients. A total of 373 patients were enrolled in the study, with age of (52.1±15.8) years old and 199 (53.4%) males. During the follow-up, 154 (41.3%) patients died, 72 (19.3%) patients transferred to hemodialysis, and 40 (10.7%) patients received kidney transplant. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that overall survival rates of PD patients at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 92.2%, 76.6%, 66.0%, 52.4% and 38.6%, respectively. Technique survival rates were 93.5%, 84.8%, 74.2%, 62.8% and 44.5% at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression model results showed that age ( HR=1.055, 95% CI 1.039-1.073, P<0.001), transfer from hemodialysis ( HR=2.212, 95% CI 1.514-3.231, P<0.001), episodes of peritonitis ( HR=2.141, 95% CI 1.194-3.837, P=0.011), Charlson comorbidity index ( HR=1.525, 95% CI 1.305-1.783, P<0.001), and baseline albumin ( HR=0.951, 95% CI 0.925-0.978, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors of survival in PD patients. Episodes of peritonitis ( HR=2.327, 95% CI 1.274-4.250, P=0.006) and Charlson comorbidity index ( HR=1.244, 95% CI 1.035-1.496, P=0.020) were independent influencing factors of technique survival in PD patients. PD patients have good early survival rates and technical survival rates, but long-term outcomes need to be further improved. Peritonitis is a major risk factor for low long-term survival rates and technical survival rates in PD patients.

The relationship between sleep arousal, ambulatory blood pressure and heart failure in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between sleep arousal, ambulatory blood pressure and new-onset heart failure(NOHF)in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods:A total of 584 elderly patients with OSA who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital between March 2015 and March 2019 were prospectively and consecutively selected, with a mean age of(70.1±7.2)years.Polysomnography(PSG)results were obtained at baseline, and the arousal index(AI)was calculated.Based on the quartiles of AI, patients were divided into 4 groups: a low-level group(AI<18.4/h, 186 cases), a low-medium level group(18.4-29.1/h, 177 cases), a medium-high level group(29.2-41.2/h, 137 cases)and a high-level group(>41.2 /h, 84 cases). Participants were followed up for 18 months, the results of ambulatory blood pressure were recorded and compared, and the relationship between AI and the risk of NOHF was analyzed.Results:Compared with the low-level group, patients in the low-medium, medium-high, and high-level groups were older(70.1, 70.3, 73.3 vs.68.7 years, F=2.726, P=0.043)and had more smokers(43.8%, 49.6%, 54.8% vs.38.2%, χ2=8.809, P=0.032), a larger body mass index(26.3, 26.7, 27.6 vs.25.4 kg/m 2, F=2.731, P=0.042), a higher Epworth sleepiness scale score(7.83, 8.50, 9.91 vs.7.64, F=5.124, P=0.018), a higher apnea hypopnea index(23.5, 34.8, 52.7 vs.17.6, F=5.632, P=0.007), lower nocturnal oxygen saturation(80.2, 75.3, 72.1 vs.83.7 mmHg, F=4.811, P=0.024), and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels(317.5, 337.5, 359.2 vs.267.5 pg/L, F=4.307, P=0.033). At the median follow-up(18 months, 14-24 months), the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed that 24-hour systolic blood pressure(24 h SBP)(147.3, 148.6, 156.2 vs.143.8 mmHg, F=5.4311, P=0.013), 24-hour diastolic blood pressure(24 h DBP)(80.1, 79.5, 83.7 vs.76.5 mmHg, F=5.679, P=0.011)in the low-medium, medium-high and high-level groups were higher than those in the low-level group.The results of survival analysis showed that there were 75(12.8%)cases of NOHF, mostly with preserved ejection fraction(47 cases)or mid-range ejection fraction heart failure(20 cases). The incidences of NOHF were 6.5%, 12.4%, 16.1% and 22.4%, respectively for the low level, low-medium, medium-high and high-level groups, and the risk of NOHF in the low-medium, medium-high and high-level groups was significantly higher than in the low level group(log-rank χ2=11.624, P=0.007). Variables with P<0.2 in the univariate analysis, age and sex were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.The results showed that age( HR=1.724, 95% CI: 1.216-3.135), diabetes( HR=1.514, 95% CI: 1.127-3.058), NT proBNP( HR=1.517, 95% CI: 1.232-2.366), nocturnal diastolic blood pressure( HR=2.004, 95% CI: 1.332-4.638), and middle-high AI level( HR=1.611, 95% CI: 1.204-2.967)and high AI level( HR=1.863, 95% CI: 1.272-3.538)were independent factors of NOHF in elderly OSA patients. Conclusions:Sleep arousal in elderly patients with OSA increases blood pressure levels and the risk of NOHF.

The mediating effect of chronic disease self efficacy between spiritual well-being and mental resilience in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being level in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer, and to explore whether there is a mediating effect among them.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 376 patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer were selected as the survey objects by convenience sampling method from July 2020 to April 2021 in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. The chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being were evaluated by Self-Efficacy Scale for Managing Chronic Disease, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-being, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The correlation among the chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being was tested by Pearson correlation analysis. Structural equation model was used to analyze the intermediary mechanism of the chronic disease self efficacy, mental resilience and spiritual well-being.Results:The total score for chronic disease self-efficacy of the research objects was (33.34 ± 12.77) points, the total score for mental resilience was (66.13 ± 21.67) points, and the total score for spiritual well-being was (28.41 ± 10.13) points. The chronic disease self-efficacy, mental resilience, and spiritual well-being were all positively correlated ( r values were 0.689-0.949, all P<0.01). The chronic disease self-efficacy played a partially mediating role in spiritual well-being and mental resilience in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer ( β=0.387, P<0.01), the mediating effect accounted for 43.33% of the total effect. Conclusions:The chronic disease self-efficacy can indirectly affect the level of spiritual well-being in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Clinical medical staff should pay attention to their psychological counseling, broaden their minds, enhance spiritual well-being, and help them recover from adversity.

Awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and willingness to be vaccinated among parents of children aged 9-14 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the HPV vaccination status of children aged 9-14 years, parents’ vaccine-related cognition, willingness to vaccinate children and their influencing factors. Methods From January to April 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to collect data based on the online platform and the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Gynecology of the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. Results A total of 864 questionnaires were collected, and 846 valid questionnaires were obtained after screening, with an effective rate of 97.9%. 13.57% of mothers and 3.09% of girls were vaccinated, and the vaccine awareness rate was 68.43%. 87.22% of parents were willing to bring their children for vaccination. Risk perception (OR=4.79, 95% CI: 2.22-10.35), willingness to vaccinate themselves (OR =29.01, 95% CI: 12.62-66.69), awareness of sex education (OR =3.73, 95% CI: 1.08-12.83) and whether the vaccines were free (P<0.001) were related to whether parents were willing to vaccinate their children. Conclusion Parents of children aged 9-14 have high awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and are willing to vaccinate their children with HPV vaccine , but the vaccination rate in children is low. Disease perception, willingness to vaccinate, awareness of sex education, and whether vaccines are free are all the factors influencing parents' willingness to vaccinate children.

Effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol analogs on the nervous system / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Estrogen impacts neural development; meanwhile, it has a protective effect on the brain. Bisphenols, primarily bisphenol A (BPA), can exert estrogen-like or estrogen-interfering effects by binding with estrogen receptors. Extensive studies have suggested that neurobehavioral problems, such as anxiety and depression, can be caused by exposure to BPA during neural development. Increasing attention has been paid to the effects on learning and memory of BPA exposure at different developmental stages and in adulthood. Further research is required to elucidate whether BPA increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanisms, as well as to assess whether BPA analogs, such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, influence the nervous system.

Prenatal diagnosis and genetic analysis of a fetus with partial deletion of Yq and mosaicism of 45,X / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To carry out prenatal diagnosis and genetic analysis for a fetus with disorders of sex development (DSDs).@*METHODS@#A fetus with DSDs who was identified at the Shenzhen People's Hospital in September 2021 was selected as the study subject. Combined molecular genetic techniques including quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), as well as cytogenetic techniques such as karyotyping analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied. Ultrasonography was used to observe the phenotype of sex development.@*RESULTS@#Molecular genetic testing suggested that the fetus had mosaicism of Yq11.222qter deletion and X monosomy. Combined with the result of cytogenetic testing, its karyotype was determined as mos 45,X[34]/46,X,del(Y)(q11.222)[61]/47,X,del(Y)(q11.222),del(Y)(q11.222)[5]. Ultrasound examination suggested hypospadia, which was confirmed after elective abortion. Combined the results of genetic testing and phenotypic analysis, the fetus was ultimately diagnosed with DSDs.@*CONCLUSION@#This study has applied a variety of genetic techniques and ultrasonography to diagnose a fetus with DSDs with a complex karyotype.

Rational design of polyphosphate kinase dual-substrate channel cavity for efficient production of glutathione by cell free catalysis / 生物工程学报

ATP is an important cofactor involved in many biocatalytic reactions that require energy input. Polyphosphate kinases (PPK) can provide energy for ATP-consuming reactions due to their cheap and readily available substrate polyphosphate. We selected ChPPK from Cytophaga hutchinsonii for substrate profiling and tolerance analysis. By molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we rationally engineered the dual-substrate channel cavity of polyphosphate kinase to improve the catalytic activity of PPK. Compared with the wild type, the relative enzyme activity of the screened mutant ChPPKK81H-K103V increased by 326.7%. Meanwhile, the double mutation expanded the substrate utilization range and tolerance of ChPPK, and improved its heat and alkali resistance. Subsequently, we coupled the glutathione bifunctional enzyme GshAB and ChPPKK81H-K103V based on this ATP regeneration system, and glutathione was produced by cell-free catalysis upon disruption of cells. This system produced (25.4±1.9) mmol/L glutathione in 6 h upon addition of 5 mmol/L ATP. Compared with the system before mutation, glutathione production was increased by 41.9%. After optimizing the buffer, bacterial mass and feeding time of this system, (45.2±1.8) mmol/L glutathione was produced in 6 h and the conversion rate of the substrate l-cysteine was 90.4%. Increasing the ability of ChPPK enzyme to produce ATP can effectively enhance the conversion rate of substrate and reduce the catalytic cost, achieving high yield, high conversion rate and high economic value for glutathione production by cell-free catalysis. This study provides a green and efficient ATP regeneration system that may further power the ATP-consuming biocatalytic reaction platform.

Determination of iodine in workplace air by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry / 中国职业医学

Objective To establish a solvent desorption inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for determination of iodine in workplace air. Methods Iodine in workplace air was collected with alkaline activated carbon tube and desorbed with 10.0 mL pure water or 20 mmol/L sodium bicarbonate solution. Rhenium-185 was used as an internal standard for quantification. The sample was determined in standard mode and kinetic energy discrimination collision (KED) mode by ICP-MS. Results In standard mode, iodine showed a good linear range in the concentration of 9.0 to 1 100.0 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 3 and a detection limit of 2.7 μg/L. In KED mode, iodine showed a good linear range in the concentration of 24.3 to 800.0 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 1 and a detection limit of 7.3 μg/L. The average desorption efficiency using pure water ranged from 99.1% to 106.7%, with within-run relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1% to 8.0% and between-run RSD of 4.9% to 9.3%. The average desorption efficiency using sodium bicarbonate solution ranged from 96.5% to 105.3%, with within-run RSD of 4.9% to 8.6% and between-run RSD of 2.5% to 9.9%. There were no statistical significant differences in the main effects of desorption solution, ICP-MS detection mode, their interaction on average desorption efficiency and within-run RSD (all P>0.05). Samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 7 days. Conclusion This method is highly sensitive, accurate, and suitable for the determination of iodine in workplace air. The sample pretreatment is simple and rapid.

Effect of Gupi Xiaoji Decoction on mitochondrial structure and function of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of Gupi Xiaoji Decoction (GPXJY) on the structure and function of mitochondria of human hepatoma cell HepG2 cells and explore its possible mechanism. Methods CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Mito-Tracker Green fluorescence staining was used to observe the mitochondrial structure, flow cytometry was used to detect the membrane potential, Elisa was used to detect the ATP content, fluoroscopic electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure changes, and high-content screening(HCS) was used to detect the related proteins. Results Fluorescence staining showed that GPXJY damaged the mitochondria of HepG2 cells and decreased the content of ATP. The results of flow cytometry showed that GPXJY could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells. The results of electron microscope showed that GPXJY made the mitochondria of cancer cells swell and so on. HCS found that GPXJY significantly reduced the average fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells, and significantly increased the average fluorescence intensity of apoptosis promoting proteins Bax, cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3, which was statistically significant. Conclusion GPXJY can regulate the structure and function of mitochondria in HepG2 cells.

Clinical and etiological characteristics of infectious vulvovaginitis in children in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2019 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, common pathogens in children with vulvovaginitis. Methods: This was a retrospective cases study. A total of 3 268 children with vulvovaginitis were enrolled, who visited the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the age of <7, 7-<10 and 10-18 years. Patients were also divided in to 4 groups according to the season of first visit. The pathogen distribution characteristics of infective vulvovaginitis were compared between the groups. Their clinical data were collected and then analyzed by χ2 test. Results: The were 3 268 girls aged (6.2±2.5) years. There were 1 728 cases (52.9%) aged <7 years, 875 cases (26.8%) aged 7-<10 years, and 665 cases (20.3%) aged 10-18 years. Of these cases, 2 253 cases (68.9%) were bacterial vulvovaginitis, 715 cases (21.9%) were fungal vulvovaginitis and 300 cases (9.2%) were vulvovaginitis infected with other pathogens. Bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was performed in 2 287 cases, and 2 287 strains (70.0%) of pathogens were detected, of which the top 5 pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes (745 strains, 32.6%), Haemophilus influenzae (717 strains, 31.4%), Escherichia coli (292 strains, 12.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (222 strains, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (67 strains, 2.9%). Regarding different age groups, H.influenzae was the most common in children under 7 years of age (40.3%, 509/1 263), S.pyogenes (41.9%, 356/849) was predominantly in children aged 7 to 10 years, and E.coli was predominant in children aged 10 to 18 years (26.3%, 46/175). Susceptibility results showed that S.pyogenes was susceptible to penicillin G (610/610, 100.0%), ceftriaxone (525/525, 100.0%), and vancomycin (610/610, 100.0%); the resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 91.9% (501/545)and 90.7% (495/546), respectively. For H.influenzae, 32.5% (161/496) produced β-elactamase, and all strains were sensitive to meropenem (489/489, 100.0%) and levofloxacin (388/388, 100.0%), while 40.5% (202/499) were resistant to ampicillin. Among E.coli, all strains were sensitive to imipenem(100%, 175/175). The resistance rates of E.coli to levofloxacin and ceftriaxone were 29.1% (43/148) and 35.1% (59/168), respectively. A total of 48 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated with a proportion of 28.3% (45/159) in 3 268 patients. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that all MRSA strains were sensitive to linezolid 100.0% (40/40), vancomycin (45/45, 100.0%), and tigecycline (36/36, 100.0%); the resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 100% (45/45), 95.6% (43/45) and 88.9% (40/45), respectively. All methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains were sensitive to oxacillin (114/114, 100.0%), linezolid (94/94, 100.0%), vancomycin (114/114, 100.0%), and tigecycline (84/84, 100.0%); it's resistance rates to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 78.1% (89/114), 59.7% (68/114) and 46.5% (53/114), respectively. The drug resistance rate of MSSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were lower than those of MRSA (χ²=11.71,19.74,23.95, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusions: The age of consultation for pediatric infectious vulvovaginitis is mainly around 6 years. The most common pathogens are S.pyogenes, H.influenzae and Escherichia coli. Third generation cephalosporins can be used as the first choice of empirical anti-infection drugs. However, the results of drug susceptibility should be considered for targeted treatment.

Quantifying carotid stiffness in a pre-hypertensive population with ultrafast ultrasound imaging

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to assess carotid stiffening in a pre-hypertensive (PHT) population using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV). @*Methods@#This study retrospectively enrolled 626 individuals who underwent clinical interviews, serum tests, and assessments of the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity-beginning of systole (PWV-BS), and pulse wave velocity-end of systole (PWV-ES) between January 2017 and December 2021. The patients were divided into three groups according to their blood pressure (BP)—normal BP (NBP): SBP 0.05). However, the NBP group had a notably lower PWV-ES than the PHT (P0.05). @*Conclusion@#Carotid morphological and biomechanical properties in the PHT group differed from those in the NBP group. ufPWV could be used for an early evaluation of carotid stiffening linked to pre-hypertension.

Treatment of chronic urticaria with acupuncture and moxibustion by "mind-body regulation" based on "psychosomatic medicine" / 中国针灸

The treatment idea for chronic urticaria with acupuncture and moxibustion by "mind-body regulation" is explored in reference with "psychosomatic medicine". Chronic urticaria refers to "mind and body comorbidity" because qi and blood dysfunction and emotional abnormality are presented simultaneously in the disease and affected each other. In clinical diagnosis and treatment, the mutual regulation of mind and body should be considered to improve the curative effect. In treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion, through regulating the mind of brain, heart and zang organs, as well as qi movement, the mental activity is adjusted; through harmonizing the defensive qi and the nutrient blood, eliminating wind and stopping itching, the unhealthy conditions of body are treated. The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture is adopted in combination with moxibustion, bloodletting and auricular point therapy, in which, "regulating the mind" goes through the whole process of treatment, and the doctors and patients are well cooperated to ensure the qi-blood harmonization and the mind-body wellness.

Responses of blood parameters and hemoglobin subtypes in plateau zokors and plateau pikas to different altitude habitats / 生理学报

The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) are native species unique to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with successful adaptation to the hypoxic environment. In this study, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, mean hematocrit and mean volume of red blood cells were measured in plateau zokors and plateau pikas at different altitudes. Hemoglobin subtypes of two plateau animals were identified by mass spectrometry sequencing. The forward selection sites in two animals' hemoglobin subunits were analyzed by PAML4.8 program. Homologous modeling was used to analyze the effect of forward selection sites on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. The adapting strategies of plateau zokors and plateau pikas to hypoxia at different altitudes were analyzed through comparing blood parameters between the two species. The results indicated that, with increasing altitudes, plateau zokors responded to hypoxia by increasing red blood cell count and decreasing red blood cell volume, while plateau pikas took the opposite strategies to plateau zokors. In erythrocytes of plateau pikas, both adult α2β2 and fetal α2ε2 hemoglobins were identified, while erythrocytes of plateau zokors only had adult α2β2 hemoglobin, however the affinities and the allosteric effects of the hemoglobin of plateau zokors were significantly higher than those of plateau pikas. Mechanistically, in the α and β subunits of hemoglobin of plateau zokors and pikas, the numbers and the sites of the positively selected amino acids as well as the side chain groups polarities and orientations of the amino acids differed significantly, which may result in the difference of the affinities to oxygen of hemoglobin between plateau zokors and pikas. In conclusion, the adaptive mechanisms to respond to hypoxia in blood properties of plateau zokors and plateau pikas are species-specific.

Interpretation of the limit values of iodide in the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB5749-2022）" in China / 中华预防医学杂志

The Drinking Water Sanitation Standard (GB 5749-2022) has been officially promulgated and implemented, with the iodide listed as a new reference indicator for water quality. This study interprets the distribution of iodine in environmental media, the impact of water iodine on health, the significance of establishing iodide standard limits, and the use of iodide standard limits, in order to provide a scientific basis for the application of iodide standard limits in this revised standard.

Analysis of copy number variation in AZF region of Y chromosome in patients with spermatogenic failure / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the characteristics of copy number variation (CNV) within the Y chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) region in patients with spermatogenesis disorders in the Shenzhen area.@*METHODS@#A total of 123 patients with spermatogenesis disorders who had visited Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2016 to October 2022 (including 73 patients with azoospermia and 50 patients with oligozoospermia) and 100 normal semen males were selected as the study subjects. The AZF region was detected with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and the correlation between the CNV in the AZF region and spermatogenesis disorders was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.@*RESULTS@#19 CNV were detected among 53 patients from the 223 samples, including 20 cases (27.40%, 20/73) from the azoospermia group, 19 cases (38%, 19/50) from the oligozoospermia group, and 14 cases (14%, 14/100) from the normal control group. In the azoospermia, oligozoospermia, and normal control groups, the detection rates for CNV related to the AZFa region (including AZFab and AZFabc) were 5.48% (4/73), 2.00% (1/50), and 0 (0/100), respectively. The detection rates for the AZFb region (including the AZFbc region) were 6.85% (5/73), 0 (0/50), and 0 (0/100), respectively. The detection rates for gr/gr deletions in the AZFc region were 2.74% (2/73), 6.00% (3/50), and 9.00% (9/100), respectively, and those for b2/b4 deletions in the AZFc region were 2.74% (2/73), 10.00% (5/50), and 0 (0/100), respectively. The detection rates for complex rearrangements in the AZFc region were 6.85% (5/73), 18.00% (9/50), and 3.00% (3/100), respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the detection rate of gr/gr deletions between the three groups (Fisher's Exact Test value = 2.712, P = 0.249); the differences in the detection rate of b2/b4 deletions between the three groups were statistically significant (Fisher's Exact Test value = 9.489, P = 0.002); the differences in the detection rate of complex rearrangements in the AZFc region between the three groups were statistically significant (Fisher's Exact Test value = 9.493, P = 0.006). In this study, a rare AZFa region ARSLP1 gene deletion (involving SY86 deletion) was detected in a patient with oligozoospermia.@*CONCLUSION@#CNV in the AZFa and AZFb regions have a severe impact on spermatogenesis, but partial deletion in the AZFa region (ARSLP1 gene deletion) has a minor impact on spermatogenesis. The b2/b4 deletion and complex rearrangement in the AZFc region may be risk factors for male infertility. The gr/gr deletion may not serve as a risk factor for male infertility in the Shenzhen area.

Joinpoint regression analysis and Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis in Changning District of Shanghai in 2009 - 2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the tendency of viral hepatitis in Changning District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific evidence for decision-making of prevention and control. Methods Cases of viral hepatitis in Changning District from 2009-2019 were collected , and the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Joinpoint regression analysis were used to estimate the annual percent change and average annual percent change, and to perform the trend test. Results Among the 2009-2019 in Changning District, a total of 3 397 cases of viral hepatitis were reported , the annual average incidence rate was 49.32/100 000. Results from Joinpoint trend analysis indicated that the incidence of viral hepatitis in Changning District was mainly due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Conclusions Although the annual incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Changning District is far below the incidence rate of viral hepatitis in China, but it still shows an increasing trend. This shows that the situation of prevention and control of viral hepatitis in Changning is still serious, and hepatitis B remains the key point of prevention of viral hepatitis in Shanghai.

Research progress of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of anal canal condyloma acuminatum / 中国基层医药

Condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus infection. In recent years, the incidence of anal canal condyloma acuminatum is gradually increasing, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present, various treatment options are available for condyloma acuminatum. There is no method to completely eradicate condyloma acuminatum. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy is a novel approach that uses photosensitizers and light to treat condyloma acuminatum and has been widely used in the clinic. This paper reviews the underlying action mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy and the clinical research progress of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of anal canal condyloma acuminatum.

Research on the application of Internet + technical liaison service model in elderly osteoporotic hip fractures patients after surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Internet + technical liaison service mode on the postoperative continuing nursing of elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fractures.Methods:A total of 92 elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fractures who were admitted into in Orthopaedics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2018 to December 2019 were selected, and randomly divided into intervention group and control group by random number table method, with 46 cases in each group. The control group was given routine follow-up outside hospital, while the intervention group was given the continuing nursing led by the orthopedic specialist nurses based on the Internet + Technology home orthopedic care platform. All patients were followed up to 6 months after operation, and the differences of Harris Hip Score (Harris), Numeric Rating Scales (NRS), Barthel Index, Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) between the two groups were compared.Results:The Harris scores were 49.74 ± 4.28, 76.59 ± 4.33 and 90.78 ± 2.61 in the intervention group, and 46.17 ± 3.85, 74.26 ± 4.24 and 88.65 ± 2.17 in the control group in 1, 3 and 6 months after operation, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( t=-4.20, -2.60, -4.26, all P<0.05). The NRS scores in the intervention group were 1.33 ± 0.47, 0.83 ± 0.38 and 0.76±0.43 in 1, 3 and 6 months after operation respectively, while the NRS scores in the control group were 1.61 ± 0.54, 0.96 ± 0.42 and 0.84 ± 0.38, respectively. The difference in pain scores between the two groups was statistically significant only at 1 month after operation ( t=2.68, P<0.05). The Barthel Index in the intervention group were 61.74 ± 8.90, 93.80 ± 5.29 and 98.26 ± 2.83 in 1, 3 and 6 months after operation respectively, while those of the control group were 60.33 ± 5.81, 91.09 ± 7.52 and 97.83 ± 3.10, respectively. The difference in Barthel Index between the two groups was statistically significant only in 3 months after operation ( t=-2.00, P<0.05). The scores of SF-36 in the intervention group were 93.73 ± 3.89, 100.26 ± 3.77 and 107.50 ± 3.56 at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation respectively, while those of the control group were 92.67±3.42, 97.71±2.67 and 103.68±2.83, respectively. The difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups was statistically significant only at 3 and 6 months after operation ( t=-3.74, -5.71, P<0.05). Conclusions:The continuing nursing based on multi-disciplinary team cooperation in hospital + Internet + Technology home orthopaedic nursing platform led by orthopaedic specialist nurses can improve joint function, relieve pain and improve quality of life of elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fractures after operation.