Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina en la Universidad Católica del Maule / Prevalence of alcohol consumption among medical students at the Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile

Background: Teenagers and university students are an especially vulnerable population towards unhealthy alcohol consumption Aim: To assess the actual consumption of alcohol among medical students at the Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile (UCM). Material and Methods: A cross sectional study of students who entered medical school between years 2004 and 2010.We applied CAGE questionnaire along with questions about frequency of alcohol consumption. Results: From a universe of 317students, 216 (age range 17-27 years, 54% females) answered the survey (68.8%), 64.2% admitted to consume alcohol and 6% had alcohol dependence. Seventy three percent of the alcohol drinkers were males. Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in medical students of the UCM is significantly lower than the prevalence in students of another University surveyed in 2005 (74%) and it is similar to the national statistics. Alcohol consumption was higher in men that in women.

Gestational diabetes, comparison of women diagnosed in second and third trimester of pregnancy with non GDM women: Analysis of a cohort study / Diabetes gestational, comparación entre mujeres diagnosticadas en el segundo y tercer trimestre del embarazo con mujeres sin diabetes gestacional: Análisis de un estudio de cohorte

Pregnant women are normally screenedfor Gestational diabetes (GDM) at week 24 of pregnancy. Howeversome women develop the disease later on their pregnancies. No study has analyzed women developing GDM later in pregnancy. Objective: To analyze data on a cohort study and compare women diagnosed with GDM in second and third trimester of pregnancy with women without GDM. Results: GDM women diagnosed during their first two trimesters of pregnancy were older (p = 0.0008) and had higher body mass Índex (BMI) (p = 0.0007) than non GDM women. However, the only risk factor in women diagnosed in their third trimester of pregnancy was having first degree relatives with type 2 DM and this was independent of age and BMI (OR of2.7, 95 percent CI 1.2 - 6.0). Conclusions: Women who develop GDM in their second trimester of pregnancy have known risk factors for diabetes mellitus such as age and higher BMI, however, the only recognised risk factor between non GDM women and women developing GDM late in pregnancy is family history of type 2 DM. Two populations ofGDM may exist andfuture studies should focus on analysing short and long term complications ofthese women to support the need to diagnosed and treat them all.

La pesquisa para diabetes gestacional (DG) se realiza normalmente en la semana 24 de embarazo. Sin embargo, muchas mujeres desarrollan la enfermedad más tardíamente durante el embarazo. No hay estudios analizando DG en tercer trimestre del embarazo. Objetivo: Analizar los datos de una cohorte para comparar mujeres con DG diagnosticada en segundo y tercer trimestre del embarazo con mujeres sin DG. Resultados: Las mujeres diagnosticadas en los primeros dos trimestres del embarazo eran mayores (p = 0,0008) y tenían mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) (p = 0,0007) que las mujeres sin DG. El único factor de riesgo en mujeres diagnosticadas en el tercer trimestre del embarazo fue tener antecedentes familiares de DM, lo cual fue independiente de la edad e IMC (OR: 2,7, 95 por ciento CI 1,2 - 6,0). Conclusiones: Mujeres con DG diagnosticada en el segundo trimestre del embarazo tienen distintos factores de riesgo que mujeres diagnosticadas más tardíamente. Es posible que existan dos poblaciones de DG según el período de diagnóstico, por lo que debiera estudiarse si las complicaciones de estos dos subgrupos justifican el diagnóstico y tratamiento de ambos.