Huanglian Jiedutang Regulates Inflammatory Immunity to Relieve Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Huanglian Jiedutang on pathological and immune damage in collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） model mice， and to explore the possible mechanism of Huanglian Jiedutang in relieving rheumatoid arthritis. MethodTwenty-four DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， methotrexate group and Huanglian Jiedutang group， with six mice in each group. The CIA mice model were established using type Ⅱ collagen induction. The administration groups were respectively treated with Huanglian Jiedutang （5 g·kg-1） and methotrexate （0.5 mg·kg-1）. The joint swelling symptoms of the mice were observed， and the arthritis index was scored every 3 days. Flow cytometry was employed to detect granulocytes， monocytes， and T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in joint was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The ankle joint was scanned by micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT）， and the histopathological changes were observed through hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. ResultCompared with the normal group， the modeling led to joint swelling， elevated the joint index score （P<0.05）， increased the proportion of granulocytes （P<0.05） and decreased that of monocytes and T lymphocytes （P<0.01） in peripheral blood， and raised the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） （P<0.01）. Further， it up-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6 in joint （P<0.01）. Micro-CT showed obvious bone destruction in the ankle joint， and pathological examination revealed the infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells and the synovial hyperplasia of joint tissue. Compared with the model group， Huanglian Jiedutang alleviated the symptoms of joint swelling， lowered the score of arthritis index （P<0.05）， increased the proportion of T lymphocytes and lowered NLR （P<0.01）. Moreover， it down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in joint （P<0.01） and alleviated the bone destruction and pathological injury of joint tissue. ConclusionType Ⅱ collagen caused systemic and local inflammatory immune damage in CIA mice. Huanglian Jiedutang alleviates such injury， especially for that in local joint， thereby inhibiting joint injury and bone destruction in CIA mice.

Clinical effect and electroencephalographic oscillation changes of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and eszopiclone treatment of chronic insomnia disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with eszopiclone in the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder and its influence on brain electrical activity.Methods:Ninety patients with chronic insomnia were randomly divided into rTMS group, drug group and combination group, with 30 cases each group. The rTMS group was treated with bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (left 5 Hz 400 pulse, right 1 Hz 1 200 pulse), the drug group was treated with eszopiclone (3mg/d) and the combination group was treated with rTMS + eszopiclone. Continuous treatment for 2 weeks, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and changes in brain electricity activity (α, β, θ, δ) and sleep parameters were evaluated before treatment, after treatment and during follow-up. The SPSS generalized linear model statistical method was used to analyze the changes of each evaluation index.Results:Compared with before treatment, the PSQI score of the combination group decreased (7.2±1.7 vs 13.2±2.9), and the improvement was better than that of the rTMS group (9.2±2.5 vs 12.1±2.8) and the drug group (7.5±2.8 vs 11.4±2.9) ( P<0.05). Multiple comparisons results showed that combination group > drug group > rTMS group; and combination group > rTMS group > drug group during follow-up. After treatment and during follow-up, the HAMA and HAMD scores of the rTMS group and the combination group decreased. There was no statistical difference in the improvement rate between the two groups, but they were all higher than the drug group ( P<0.05). After treatment and during follow-up, the β power of the rTMS group and the combination group decreased, and the α power increased, but there was no statistical difference in the δ and θ power. The β, δ and θ power in the drug group increased ( P<0.05), but the α power had no statistical difference. Multiple comparisons results showed that the power of β, δ and θ bands in the rTMS group and the combination group were lower than the drug group, α power was higher than that in the drug group ( P<0.05). Compared with before treatment During follow-up, the sleep latency of the combination group and rTMS group was shorten, and the total sleep time, sleep efficiency, deep sleep (N3) and rapid eye movement (REM) increased( P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the changes of sleep parameters in the drug group. Conclusions:rTMS combined with Eszopiclone can significantly improve the sleep quality of patients with chronic insomnia, which is better than that of rTMS and Eszopiclone alone, and it can reduce cortical excitability by regulating brain electrical activity. It can be an ideal treatment for patients with chronic insomnia disorder.

Formula Optimization of Aprepitant Nanocapsules by Central Composite Design-response Surface Method-ology / 中国药师

Objective:To optimize the formula of aprepitant nanocapsules. Methods: The central composite design–response surface methodology was used. The amounts of hydroxg propyl cellulose(HPC-SL) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) were set as the independent variables;the dissolution of aprepitant capsules at 15min and 30min, and the dissolution after accelerated at 40℃ and 75% RH for 6 months were set as the dependent variables. Quadratic polynomial mathematic models were used to evaluate the relation-ship between the independent and the dependent variables. According to the mathematic models,an effect graph was drawn. The opti-mized formula was chosen from the overlap of the contour graphs of the dependent variables. The similarity of in vitro dissolution curve was evaluated by using f2factor. Results:The correlation coefficient of quadratic polynomial mathematic model and the reliability was high. The measured values of the optimized formula were within the expected ranges. Conclusion: Aprepitant nanocapsules with the optimized formula by central composite design-response surface methodology meet the requirements. The results can provide evidence for the next industrial production.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis during hypoxia-reoxygenation injury to hippocampal neurons of rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate effect of dexmedetomidine on mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury to hippocampal neurons of rats.Methods The primarily cultured hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table method:control group (C group),vehicle group (V group),H/R group and dexmedetomidine group (D group).Hippocampal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by restoration of oxygen supply to establish the model of H/R injury.Dexmedetomidine 1 μmol/L was added at 6 h of reoxygenation in D group.The viability of neurons was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay at 20 h of reoxygenation.The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of cytochrome c (Cyt c),caspase-3,Fis1 and Drp1 was detected by Western blot.The neuronal apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with C group,no significant change was found in the viability of neurons in group V (P＞0.05),and the viability of neurons was significantly decreased,the apoptosis rate was increased,the expression of Cyt c,caspase-3,Fis1 and Drp1 was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure was accentuated in H/R and D groups.Compared with H/R group,the viability of neurons was significantly increased,the apoptosis rate was decreased,the expression of Cyt c,caspase-3,Fis1 and Drp1 was down-regulated (P＜0.05),and the damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure was significantly attenuated in D group.Conclusion The nechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces the H/R injury to hippocampal neurons is related to inhibiting mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in rats.

Formula Optimization of Regorafenib Solid Dispersion by Orthogonal Test / 中国药师

Objective:To optimize the formula of regorafenib solid dispersion .Methods: On the basis of preliminary studies on the carrier and drug/carrier ratio, an orthogonal test was used to study the formula of regorafenib solid dispersion .The orthogonal table of L9 (34 ) was designed to study the drug/carrier ratio, ultrasound time and bath temperature .Results: Regorafenib solid dispersion was prepared by a solvent method with polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 as the carrier.The drug/carrier ratio was 1 ∶7, the ultrasound time was 4min, and the bath temperature was 30℃.Regorafenib solid dispersion showed good stability confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction .The dissolution in 30 min reached above 90 %.Conclusion: The preparation process is stable and reproducible , which can be used to prepare regorafenib solid dispersion .

Observation on the effect of montelukast and ambroxol hydrochloride in treatment respiratory tract symptoms in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect of montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution in treatment respiratory symptoms caused by mycoplasma infection in children.Methods 147 children who were infected by mycoplasma pneumonia with lower respiratory tracts symptom were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups:group A was control group,group B was treated by montelukast sodium,and group C was treated by montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution.Coughing,symptomatic relief of pant were observed in each group.Results After 7 days treatment,the total effective rate of three groups was A group 79.5％,B group 95.7％,C group 96.4％.Compared with group A,the coughing and panting time in group B and group C were significantly shorter(x2 =5.61,9.54,all P ＜0.05),The rate of coughing and panting complete remission in group C was higher compared with group B (x2 =5.39,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistificantly significant difference in the total efficency between the two groups.Conclusion Montelukast sodium and ambroxol oral solution can effectively improve the symptoms of respiratory tract infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Optimization of sustained release matrix tablet of metoprolol succinate using central composite design

The present study was performed to optimize the formulation of metoprolol succinate [MS] sustained release tablets using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [HPMC] and sodium alginate [SA] as the matrix combination. After investigating the effects of various parameters on drug release, a 2-factor, 5-level central composite design was employed, using the amount of HPMC K4M [A] and SA [318 cP] [B] as the independent variables and the drug percentage released at 1h, 4h, 8h, 20h [Q[1], Q[4], Q[8], Q20]] as the responses. Response surfaces were established to obtain the matrix ranges and the main factors affecting four responses. In order to validate the optimization study, six confirmatory runs were performed; indicating high predictability of response surface methodology for MS sustained release tablets. Data fitting to Peppas equation indicated that the mechanism of drug release could be diffusion along with erosion. This matrix combination can be used as a good alternative to the commercially pellet technology, which was complicated, time-consuming and energy-intensive

Analysis of Utilization of Chinese Patent Medicines in our Hospital During 2001-2005 / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the utilization of Chinese patent medicines in our hospital,and evaluate the ra- tional use of drugs in clinic.Method:The data of annual consumption and total consumption of Chinese patent medicines in our hospital during 2001-2005 were calculated,and DDDs and daily average cost of Chinese patent medicines were calcu- lated with the pharmacoeconomic method.Result:The annual consumption of Chinese patent medicines showed an increas- ing trend in our hospital during 2001-2005.The consumption of agents for injection increased clearly in Chinese patent medicines.Especially,the rank ratio of sum and DDDs always were less than one.Conclusion:In our hospital,the use of Chinese patent medicines is rational on the whole,and Chinese patent medicines play an important part in the clinical use for their cheap and effective reasons.DDDS should be stressed and management of Chinese traditional medicines for injec- tion should be intensified.

Usage of Cephalosporins in Our Hospital During 2003-2007 / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To learn the situation of cephalosporins used in our hospital,and offer the scientific guidline base for their clinical use.METHODS Statistics methods were used to analyze dosage,sales volume and DDDS of cephalosporins during 2003-2007.RESULTS The usage of the first generation cephalosporins was reduced year by year,but the third generation of compoands cephalosporins and their oxef cephalosporins occupied the main places.The DDDs of cefoperazone/tazobactam usage ranked second for three years(2005-2007),and at the same period their DDDs consumption got top.CONCLUSIONS The situation of the usage of cephalosporins in our hospital is reasonable basically,but more attention should be payed to the usage of the third cephalosporins and their compounds and oxefs.

Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections in Our Hospital During 2001～2006 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the drug utilization of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital so as to provide scientific basis for clinical rational use of traditional Chinese medicine injections.METHODS:The data of annual consumption and total consumption of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital during 2001～2006 were calculated,and the DDDs and the daily average costs of traditional Chinese medicine injections were analyzed statistically.RESULTS: The annual consumption of traditional Chinese medicine injections showed an increasing trend in our hospital during 2001～2006,with the consumption sum of the top 10 traditional Chinese medicine injections showing a higher proportion,which had a great impact on the total consumption of traditional Chinese medicine injections.Moreover,the rank ratios were less than one for both consumption sum and DDDs of those drugs with high average daily costs.CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the DDDs of traditional Chinese medicine injections and the post-marketing reevaluation for traditional Chinese medicine injections should be intensified.

Drug Use in Elder Hospitalized Patients:Analysis of 12614 Cases / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the status quo of drug use in the elder hospitalized patients(over 65 years old)and their demand for drugs.METHODS:The drugs used in the 12 614 elder hospitalized patients(over 65 years old)between July,2005 and June,2006 were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs used in elder hospitalized patients totaled 1 347 kinds,which were mainly administered orally or by injection.The consumption sum of injection accounted for 85.81% of the total.The most common diseases in the elder hospitalized patients were tumor diseases,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and which were more often seen in males than in females.CONCLUSION:The drugs used for the elder hospitalized patients were many in kinds.The expenses of injection showed a highest proportion in the total drug costs.Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and tumor diseases are main diseases that threat health of aged people.