Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Minhang District of Shanghai , 2009 -2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Minhang District of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for TB prevention and control. Methods Data from active TB patients registered in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2019 was collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method. Results From 2009 to 2019 the registration rates of TB patients in Minhang district of Shanghai showed a downward trend, with an average annual registration rate of 32.35/100 000, including 3 611 (41.08%) patients who were registered permanent residents of Shanghai and 5 179 (58.92%) patients who were non-permanent residents. The ratio of men to women was 2.04:1. Workers accounted for more cases (22.77%) than other occupations among patients without registered permanent residence, while retirees accounted for the majority of cases (38.60%) among patients with registered permanent residence. Among the TB patients without registered residence, the highest proportion (45.86%) was in the 20-29 years old group, while the highest proportion in permanent residents was in the 50-59 years old group (19.47%). The peak incidence occurred in May in patients without registered permanent residence, while the peak incidence was in June in patients with registered permanent residence. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of TB in people without registered permanent residence of Shanghai, and at the same time, to strengthen the prevention and control of TB in old people and students with registered permanent residence of Shanghai.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with multiple canal involvement / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To describe the type, clinical features and curative effect of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with multiple canal involvement. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on 1502 patients diagnosed with BPPV. Multiple canal BPPV was diagnosed by Dix-Hallpike and roll test, which showed combination of typical nystagmus during the examination, and was treated by means of canalith repositioning manoeuvre. RESULTS Among the 1502 patients, multiple canal BPPV was diagnosed in 162 patients(10.8％), 74 patients(45.7％) had horizontal and posterior canal, 48 patients(29.6％) had bilateral posterior canal, 20 patients (12.3％) had posterior and anterior canal, 10 patients(6.2％) had bilateral horizontal canal, 6 patients(3.7％) had horizontal and anterior canal, 4 patients(2.5％) had bilateral anterior canal. Multiple canal BPPV was more associated with head trauma, a longer duration of treatment and more repositioning times were required in multiple canal BPPV compared with single canal BPPV. CONCLUSION The horizontal and posterior canal was the most common in the multi-canal BPPV, the treatment of multi-canal BPPV can be effective by repositioning maneuver.

Application of whole genome sequencing technology in the epidemiology of tuberculosis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To delineate the application of whole genome sequencing technology in the epidemiology of tuberculosis.Methods From 2009 to 2012,nine Mycobacterium tuberculosis that sharing identical variable number of tandem repeats genotype (VNTR) patterns were reported from two TB cases designated hospitals.Both whole-genome sequencing analysis (WGS) and epidemiologic investigations were performed to describe the transmission patterns of these Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Results By WGS analysis,two genomic clusters including 7 and 2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis were noticed,respectively.The cluster of 2 cases possessed more than 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to the cluster of 7 cases and suggesting that the transmission route was independent.The transmission chain based on the SNPs difference showed the process of the propagation direction and the accumulation of drug resistance mutations in each cluster.Conclusion Using a WGS-based genomic epidemiologic approach,we were able to reconstruct the tuberculosis transmission network,tracing the putative source of the transmission and determining the transmission direction or the missing links.

Application of whole genome sequencing technology in the epidemiology of tuberculosis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To delineate the application of whole genome sequencing technology in the epidemiology of tuberculosis.Methods From 2009 to 2012,nine Mycobacterium tuberculosis that sharing identical variable number of tandem repeats genotype (VNTR) patterns were reported from two TB cases designated hospitals.Both whole-genome sequencing analysis (WGS) and epidemiologic investigations were performed to describe the transmission patterns of these Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Results By WGS analysis,two genomic clusters including 7 and 2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis were noticed,respectively.The cluster of 2 cases possessed more than 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to the cluster of 7 cases and suggesting that the transmission route was independent.The transmission chain based on the SNPs difference showed the process of the propagation direction and the accumulation of drug resistance mutations in each cluster.Conclusion Using a WGS-based genomic epidemiologic approach,we were able to reconstruct the tuberculosis transmission network,tracing the putative source of the transmission and determining the transmission direction or the missing links.

The influence of in awake and sleeping to the thresholds of ASSR / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the difference of the threshold of auditory steady-state evoked responses (ASSR) in awake and sleeping.@*METHOD@#Fifteen adults (30 ears) with normal hearing were selected to ASSR test. ASSR parameters: carrier frequency (CM)are 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 kHz, modulation frequency (FM) are 46.81 Hz. The test was performed in two different status (in awake and sleeping).@*RESULT@#In awake, the thresholds of ASSR with FM of 46 Hz are significantly lower than 81 Hz (P < 0.01); In sleeping, the thresholds of ASSR with FM of 81 Hz are lower than 46 Hz above 2 kHz CM (P < 0.05), which thresholds were close to pure tone.@*CONCLUSION@#To select low modulate (46 Hz) frequency in awake, and use high modulate (81 Hz) frequency in sleeping. When perform ASSR test, the test values are closer to the actual hearing threshold.

Correlating glutathione S-transferase P1-105 genetic polymorphisms to human exercise capacity in the high altitude environment / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Glutathione S-transferase can get rid of active oxygen and enhance organism's antioxidative capability.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the association between glutathione S-transferase P1-105 (GSTP1-105)genetic polymorphisms and human exercise capacity in the high altitude environment.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A controlled analysis was performed in the PLA Institute of Physical Education in 2007.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 86 professional mountain climbers who had strong physical performance in the high altitude environment served as experimental subjects.An additional 90 healthy students randomly selected from the PLA Institute of Physical Education served as controls.METHODS:Blood sample was taken from 86 experimental subjects and 90 healthy controls for extraction of genome DNA.GSTP1-105 genetic polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Distribution of GSTP1-105 alleles and genotypes were compared between experimental and control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Distribution of GSTP1-105 genotype.RESULTS:Totally 3 GSTP1-105 genotypes were detected:homozygous genotype of the A allele (NA,also called wide type genotype),heterozygous genotype (NG),and homozygous genotype of the G allele (G/G).The frequency of the G allele and variant genotype (A/G+G/G)were significantly lower in the experimental than in the control subjects (P＜0.01).Variant genotype (A/G+G/G)was taken as an exposure factor,then OR=2.19 and 95% CI=1.16-4.13,indicating that in the high altitude environment,the exercise capacity in individuals with GSTP1-105 variant genotype was decreased by 1.19 times than that in individuals with GSTP1-105 wide type genotype.CONCLUSION:GSTP1-105 genetic polymorphisms correlate to human exercise capacity in the high altitude environment.Subjects with wide type genotype have exercise predominance.

Construction and screening of the subtracted cDNA library of human large cell lung cancer lines with different metastatic potentials / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Screening metastatic-related genes of lung cancer is helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. In order to screen the differential expression genes related to metastasis of lung cancer, we constructed and preliminarily screened the subtracted cDNA libraries of human large cell lung cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials in this study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subtracted cDNA library was constructed in the different metastastic potential cell lines NL9980 and L9981 by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. The positive clones were preliminarily screened by blue-white colony based on the α-complementary principal, and precisely identified by PCR. The forward and reverse subtracted libraries were screened and identified by dot blot to obtain the clones corresponding to differential expression segments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The subtracted cDNA libraries were successfully constructed in the different metastastic potential cell lines NL9980 and L9981. Three hundred and seven positive clones in the forward subtracted library and 78 positive clones in the reverse subtracted library were obtained by the dot blot method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SSH is proved to be an efficient tool for differential expression gene cloning. The forward and reverse subtracted cDNA libraries of different metastastic potential cell lines are constructed by this method. The differential expression genes related to tumor metastasis might exist in the human large cell lung cancer cell lines with different metastasis potential.</p>

Quantitative detection of GSTP1 gene sin the lung tissue of hypobaric hypoxia modeling rats / 生物医学工程学杂志

We have investigated the susceptibility of rat lung's GSTP1 gene to hypobaric hypoxia and explored its role in the body's possible adaptation mechanism at the moleuclar lever. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(0,1,3,5 and 7 d) and were exposed for 12 h per day at a simulating altitude of 7000 +/- 50 m in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber with 1 h's rest after 6 h's exposure. Then the expression of GSTP1 mRNA in the lung tissue of SD rats was examined using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Meanwhile the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzyme and the change of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) in the lung tissue of SD rats were determined using spectrophotometer. In comparison with the non-exposure group,the expression of GSTP1 gene showed statistically significant differnce from the first to the seventh day (P<0.05). The level of GSTs decreased and MDA increased from the first to the seventh day (P<0.05). In conclusion, GSTP1 gene is susceptible to hypobaric hypoxia and may be a new marker of gene screening for the body's adaptation to special environment.