RESUMEN
Background and Objective: Vitamin D is steroid hormone essential for maintaining many important functions in the body. Hypovitaminosis D has become worldwide problem affecting all age groups and both genders, but its prevalence is very high in South Asia. Therefore this study was aimed to determine frequency of hypovitaminosis D in adult patients of RMI Medical Out Patients Department [OPD] and find association of clinical disease with biochemical levels
Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out on all patients visiting RMI Medical OPD from 1[st] Jan, 2015 to 30[th] April, 2015 with clinical indications using universal sampling technique involving 400 subjects. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16
Results: Out of 400 subjects 85[21.3%] were males, 315[78.8%] were females, biochemical hydroxyvitamin-D3 deficiency was present in 320 [80%] subjects with 86[21.5%] having severe deficiency, 176[44%] having moderate deficiency and 58[14.5%] having mild deficiency. There was statistically significant association between biochemical deficiency and severity of clinical disease manifestation, calculated using chi square test. [p < 0.001]
Conclusion: Most of the patient with musculoskeletal symptoms had vitamin D deficiency affecting all age groups and mostly female gender. There is a statistically significant association between low biochemical hydroxyvitamin-D3 levels and severity of clinical signs and symptoms which can provide evidence for replacement therapies in rural and far flung areas where biochemical assays are not available. Early recognition and replacement can prevent the massive complications, which deficiency of vitamin D makes us prone to develop
RESUMEN
To assess age, gender distribution and relative frequency of congenital heart disease [CHD] in children who underwent palliative or corrective cardiac surgery at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Cardiac Surgery at Rehman Medical Institute [RMI], Peshawar from May 2008 till May 2010. One hundred and twenty three patients up to age group of 16 years with confirmed diagnosis of congenital heart disease admitted for Cardiac Surgery at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar were included. Out of 123 patients, there were 71 males [57.7%] and 52 females [42.2%], with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Sixty five [52.8%] of the total cases had acyanotic heart defects. Cyanotic heart defects were seen in 58 patients [47.1%]. Ventricular Septal Defect [VSD] followed by Patent Ductus Arteriosus [PDA] and Atrial Septal Defect [ASD], were the commonest acyanotic heart lesions, 33.8%, 23.0% and 16.9% respectively. Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF] was the commonest cyanotic lesion. Majority of patients with congenital heart disease had acyanotic CHD with the commonest lesion being VSD. Tetralogy Of Fallot [TOF] was the commonest cyanotic lesion. Most of the patients were less than five years with no significant difference in sex distribution. Availability of expertise locally will lead to more patients getting surgical treatment at an earlier age thereby reducing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life for these children