RESUMEN
Objective: To determine the frequency of post-operative pulmonary complications [PPCs] after cardio-pulmonary bypass and association of pre-operative and intraoperative risk factors with incidence of PPCs
Methods: This study was an observational analysis of five hundred and seventeen [517] patients who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Incidence of PPCs and risk factors of PPCs were noted. Logistic regression was applied to determine the association of pre-operative and intraoperative risk factors with incidence of PPCs
Results: Post-operative pulmonary complications occurred in 32 [6.2%] patients. Most common postoperative pulmonary complication was atelectasis that occurred in 20 [3.86%] patients, respiratory failure in 8 [1.54%] patients, pneumonia in 3 [0.58%] patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome in 1 [0.19%] patients. The main risk factor of PPCs were advance age > 60 years [odds ratio 4.16 [1.99-8.67], p-value <0.001], prolonged CPB time > 120 minutes [odds ratio 3.62 [1.46-8.97] p-value 0.003], pre-op pulmonary hypertension [odds ratio 2.60 [1.18-5.73] p-value 0.016] and intraoperative phrenic nerve injury [odds ratio 7.06 [1.73-28.74], p-value 0.002]. Operative mortality was 9.4% in patients with PPCs and 1.0% in patients without PPCs [p-value 0.01]
Conclusion: The incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications was 6.2% in this study. Advanced age [age > 60 years], prolonged CPB time [CPB time > 120 minutes], pre-op pulmonary hypertension and intraoperative phrenic nerve injury are independent risk factors of PPCs after surgery