RESUMEN
Background@#Regeneration of soft tissue defects is essential for adipose tissue pathologies and disease, trauma, or injury-induced damage. Here, we show that umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells could potentially be tailored and used for the reconstruction of specific damaged sites. Adipogenesis can be exploited in soft tissue reconstruction. Also, primary cilia play a role in the control of adipogenesis. @*Methods@#The adipogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was shown to influence ciliogenesis. MSCs transfected with intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88) small interfering RNA (siRNA), which blocks the assembly and maintenance of cilia, were examined to confirm the relationship between adipogenesis and ciliogenesis. Also, 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) (BAPTA-AM), calcium chelator, inhibited the ciliogenesis of MSCs in adipogenic differentiation. @*Results@#IFT88-knockdown led to decreased cilia formation and limitation of cilia elongation in adipogenesis. Additionally, intracellular calcium triggered cilia formation in MSCs adipogenesis. Interestingly, intracellular calcium cannot overcome the inhibition of adipogenesis caused by low numbers of cilia in MSCs. @*Conclusion@#Our data suggested that ciliogenesis was negatively regulated by Wnt5a/β-catenin signaling during adipogenesis. Thus, we suggest that calcium induction triggers adipogenesis and ciliogenesis.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of study was to compare the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from human bone marrow (BM) according to the age of the donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs were isolated from the BM of young (n=16, 12.5+/-5.8 years) and elder (n=4, 48.5+/-7.2 years) patients with the consent of them. We analyzed the cell morphology and the cell surface markers of the MSCs. In addition, we assessed the cell senescence with serial cultures from both age groups. Cell pluripotentiality was analyzed by osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic induction media. We performed RT-PCR, a measurement of expression of alkaline phosphatase, and staining with von Kossa, safranin O, and oil red O stain. RESULTS: All of the MSC samples tested, irrespective of the age of the donors, MSCs were all successfully isolated from twenty bone marrows. However, the number of cells of from the young donors was five times greater than that of the elderly donors. Senescence was observed over 10 passages in both age groups. The immunophenotypes of both age groups showed similar patterns. MSCs obtained from young and older donors showed the potential to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages with no difference for both age groups. CONCLUSION: Our study supports that age does not influence the pluripotential capacity of human BM derived MSCs.