A Systematic Review of the Stress-Coping Scales Used in Korean Nursing

Background@#This study aimed to compare the stress-coping measurement scales used in the nursing field in South Korea through a literature review based on the types of tools assessed, their characteristics, frequency of use, target stress, target population, and coping outcomes. @*Methods@#The data base periodical information academic, Korea citation index, Korean studies information sharing service, Korean medical database, National discovery for science leaders, KoreaMed, National assemble library, and National library of Korea databases were searched for articles related to coping with stress and nursing published between 2009 and 2018 in South Korea. Of the total 1,666 articles searched, 59 articles that were aligned with the study purpose were finally selected after reviewing the original texts and excluding duplicates. @*Results@#The study identified six stress-coping scales used by Korean nurses, among which the ways of coping (WCQ) was the most frequently used. Most of the studies involved nursing students, followed by patients and health workers (nurses and caregivers). Regarding the types of stress, the WCQ was used the most by studies on work-related and daily living stress, followed by those focusing on health-related stress and clinical practice stress. Secondary analysis of WCQ usage showed that 48.5% of the studies interpreted the scale results for individual coping methods, and the remaining 45.5% interpreted the results based on the overall score. @*Conclusions@#Researchers need to appropriately use and interpret the results of scales that have been translated into Korean and validated for each situation and participant.

Factors associated with Suicidal Ideation among Older Adults in the Community Using Data from the 2021 Community Health Survey / 정신간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to report the level of suicidal ideation in older Korean adults living in the community and identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation. @*Methods@#A total of 73,326 older adults were selected and analyzed using the 2021 Community Health Survey. The collected data were analyzed using the Rao-scott test and logistic regression using SAS 9.4. @*Results@#Among older adults, 9.2% had suicidal ideations. Life dissatisfaction was the factor most strongly associated with suicidal ideation, followed by depression, poor subjective health, high stress, cognitive disability, lower economic state, living alone, older age, smoking, low education, older women, and diabetes. @*Conclusion@#When developing suicide preventive interventions for older adults, it is important to consider mental health indicators, such as life satisfaction, depression, and stress. In addition, active efforts to identify more vulnerable subgroups of older adults should consider older individual adult’s economic status, family structure, age, and education rather than taking a generalized approach.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Eating Disorders in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Body Dissatisfaction, Self-esteem, and Depression

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating effects of body dissatisfaction, selfesteem, and depression on the association between the body mass index (BMI) and eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. @*Methods@#Secondary data were analyzed in this study. The original analysis was conducted using data from 136 adolescents aged 13–18 years with type 1 diabetes. The results of testing for mediating effects were analyzed using a serial-multiple mediation model (model 6) using the PROCESS macro in SPSS ver. 3.3. @*Results@#The direct effect of the BMI on eating disorders was not statistically significant (effect=0.22; 95 % confidence interval [CI], -0.20 to 0.64), but the indirect effects were statistically significant (effect=0.28; 95% CI, 0.05–0.63). In detail, the indirect effect of BMI on eating disorders mediated by body dissatisfaction was statistically significant (effect=0.28; 95% CI, 0.10–0.61); by body dissatisfaction and depression was statistically significant (effect=0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.15); and by body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and depression was statistically significant (effect=0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.11). @*Conclusion@#Individual interventions according to BMI are required to prevent the development of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes require intervention programs that may positively change their attitudes toward themselves, increasing self-esteem and lowering depression.

Systematic Review of Eating Disorder Interventions for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background@#Although there are various interventions for eating disorders in type 1 diabetes patients, it is difficult to interpret them comprehensively. The purpose of this study is to analyze eating disorder intervention studies in type 1 diabetes patients and to compare the characteristics of each study. @*Methods@#For this study, PICOTS-SD was established. We searched studies published in Korean and English from 2000 to 2020 in KCI, RISS, NDSL, KISS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Pubmed, and Embase. @*Results@#For the intervention of eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes, psycho-education and self-compassion programs were implemented. The intervention period varied from 4 to 6 weeks, and physiological variables, eating disorder variables, and emotional variables were used interventions. But the number of participants was small and the results of the study were inconsistent. @*Conclusions@#Through this study, the possibility of resolving the difficulties of eating disorder intervention in type 1 diabetes patients was confirmed. In the future, more randomized controlled trials with larger samples are needed to extend the evidence base.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Eating Disorders in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Body Dissatisfaction, Self-esteem, and Depression

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating effects of body dissatisfaction, selfesteem, and depression on the association between the body mass index (BMI) and eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. @*Methods@#Secondary data were analyzed in this study. The original analysis was conducted using data from 136 adolescents aged 13–18 years with type 1 diabetes. The results of testing for mediating effects were analyzed using a serial-multiple mediation model (model 6) using the PROCESS macro in SPSS ver. 3.3. @*Results@#The direct effect of the BMI on eating disorders was not statistically significant (effect=0.22; 95 % confidence interval [CI], -0.20 to 0.64), but the indirect effects were statistically significant (effect=0.28; 95% CI, 0.05–0.63). In detail, the indirect effect of BMI on eating disorders mediated by body dissatisfaction was statistically significant (effect=0.28; 95% CI, 0.10–0.61); by body dissatisfaction and depression was statistically significant (effect=0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.15); and by body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and depression was statistically significant (effect=0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.11). @*Conclusion@#Individual interventions according to BMI are required to prevent the development of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes require intervention programs that may positively change their attitudes toward themselves, increasing self-esteem and lowering depression.

Predictors of Eating Disorders in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with the goal of providing data in support of nursing interventions to improve their health.METHODS: A total of 136 adolescents aged 13–18 years with type 1 diabetes completed the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II, using structured self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, χ² test, and binominal logistic regression with SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.RESULTS: The prevalence of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes was 39%. Four significant predictors of eating disorders were identified; absence of body satisfaction (odds ratio [OR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.55~9.65), depression (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.13~7.28), female gender (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.09~6.54), and glycosylated hemoglobin type A1c levels (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.10~1.97).CONCLUSION: In order to prevent eating disorders among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, programs for managing adolescents' depression and improving their body satisfaction should be developed. Futhermore, more attention should be directed towards programs aiming to prevent eating disorders in female adolescents.

Using a Microwave Oven to Disinfect Intermittent-Use Catheters / 병원감염관리

BACKGROUND: Clean intermittent catheterization is one of the management of the neurogenic bladder caused by such disease as spinal injury. The purpose of this study is to assess the amount of time in a microwave oven required to eliminate seven pathogens isolated from urine of the patients, and to evaluate the effect of repeated use of a microwave oven on the patency and pliability of silicon catheter. METHODS: Seven microorganisms isolated from urine of patients were used as inoculating pathogens. These included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans. The silicon catheter was divided into six pieces (4 cm) and sterilized by ethylene oxide gas, Each piece of catheter was incubated for 60 minutes in a suspension of microorganisms, and placed in a plastic container. The piece was microwaved for 0 (control catheters) to 15 minutes a dose of 1,000 watts. Two methods were used. First method was a water-free method that was microwaved after removing water from the catheter. Second method was a water-added method that was microwaved after adding 5 mL of sterile water around the catheter. Then, that was placed in 15 mL sterile phosphate buffer in a conical tube. The fluid was cultured. Using a new silicon catheter, the microwave procedure was repeated until the catheter was no longer patent or pliable. RESULTS: Using a water-free method, E, coli, C. albicans were eliminated at 5 minutes, P. aeruginosa was at 8 minutes, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis was at 12 minutes, but S. aureus was remained until 15 minutes, Using a water-added method, all strains were eliminated at 8 minutes. The characteristics of the silicon catheter after repeated procedures were not changed in patency or pliability until 100 times. CONCLUSION: The disinfection of silicon catheters using a microwave oven after adding water around the catheter was able to sterilize the frequent pathogens including C. albicans within 8 minutes. It was clinically useful to sterilize repeatedly the catheter using microwave oven without distorting the characteristics of the silicon catheter.