Dendritic eIF4E-binding Protein 1 (eIF4E-BP1) mRNA Is Upregulated by Neuronal Activation

Long-term synaptic plasticity requires addition of new proteins at the synaptic site. The local protein synthesis at subsynaptic sites confers advantageous mechanisms that would regulate the protein composition in local domains on a moment-by-moment basis. However, our information on the identities of 'dendritic' mRNAs is very limited. In this study we investigated the expression of the protein and mRNA for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) showed that 4EBP1 protein is highly localized to the nucleus. In dendrites most 4EBP1 punctae were not colocalized with those of eIF4E. In situ hybridization (ISH) and Fluorescence ISH (FISH) revealed that 4EBP1 mRNA was present in dendrites. The FISH signals formed clusters along dendrites that colocalized with ICC signals for Staufen, a marker for RNA granules. The neuronal activation by KCl (60 mM, 10 min) significantly increased the density of 4EBP1 FISH signals in the nucleus after 2 hr, and both in the nucleus and dendrites after 6 hr. Our results indicate that 4EBP1 and its mRNA are present in dendrites, and the mRNA is upregulated and transported to dendritic domains in RNA granules upon neuronal activation.

Correlation between Olfactory Threshold Test, Olfactory Identification Test and Subjective Symptoms / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychophysical tests such as 16-item Korean Version of Sniffin' Sticks test (KVSS) identification test and Butanol Threshold Test (BTT) are relatively objective tests, but such tests cannot completely explain olfactory complaints. Furthermore, the correlation between KVSS and BTT has not been validated in Korea. We evaluated subjective olfactory symptoms of patients by a questionnaire and the correlation between two tests and the symptom questionnaire. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A total of 789 patients who visited olfactory clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from April 2004 through July 2007 were included in this study. BTT and KVSS identification tests were performed and all the patients filled out an olfactory questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of 4 parts: general olfaction, general taste, odorspecific olfaction and quality of life. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to KVSS identification score. KVSS identification scores 0 to 3 represent anosmia, 4 to 7 severe hyposmia, 8 to 12 mild to moderate hyposmia and 13 to 16 normosmia. We analyzed the differences in the subjective symptom questionnaire scores of 4 groups. RESULTS: KVSS and BTT showed a significant correlation (R=.646, p<.001). Each part of the questionnaire also showed significant correlation to KVSS or BTT. The mean scores of subjective symptoms were 2.69 for anosmia, 3.04 for severe hyposmia, 3.84 for mild to moderate hyposmia and 4.02 for normal and the difference was significant. CONCLUSION: BTT and KVSS identification test scores and subjective symptoms exhibited significant correlations between each other and the odor-specific olfaction part of the questionnaire showed the greatest correlation to olfactory function tests.

Evaporated Liquid Nitrogen-Induced Asphyxia: A Case Report

A 27-yr-old postgraduate student was found lying at the floor of an unsealed underground dry area, where a valve-opened empty cylinder of liquid nitrogen (150 L) was connected to a cap-removed empty Dewar-flask (10 L) via a copper infusion tube. No injury was found externally or internally. There were petechiae in the bilateral conjunctivae and periorbital skin. The dry area, measuring 300X130X260 cm, had a communication to the basement of the research building by a window measuring 90X60 cm in size at 130 cm above the floor. The scene reconstruction and atmosphere gas analysis revealed that the O2 concentration at 60 cm above the base dropped to 12.0% in 3 min and 10 sec, 10.0% in 8 min and 53 sec, 6.0% in 18 min and 40 sec, and 4.2% in 20 min and 28 sec. The primary cause of death was asphyxia by evaporated liquid nitrogen..

A Case of Neonatal Trichomonas Vaginitis / 대한주산의학회잡지

Trichomonas vaginitis is a sexually transmitted disease by Trichomonas vaginalis infection especially in adults that is significantly associated with preterm delivery, premature rupture of membrane and low-birth-weight neonates. Although neonatal infection is rare, a vertical transmission might substantially occur by direct contact of protozoal infection. The reported clinical manifestation of trichomoniasis is purulent vaginal discharge in only severely infected neonates. I experienced a case of virulent neonatal Trichomonas vaginitis which was confirmed by vaginal wet mount examination in a neonate born full-term, complaining of excessive purulent vaginal discharge, with no perinatal complication of premature rupture of membrane or low-birth-weight. The patient had complete resolution of symptom after the administration of metronidazole, thus I report this case along with a brief review of literatures.

Risk of Cesarean Section Delivery after Induction of Labor at Postterm Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of cesarean section in nulliparous women who undergone induction at postterm pregnancy. METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted from March, 1997 to March, 2005 by reviewing 331 nulliparous patients more than 41 weeks' gestation delivered after induction at our Hospital. The evaluated variables to assess the risk of cesarean section were maternal age, body mass index (BMI), gestational age (GA), Bishop scores (BS), fetal body weight (FBW), fetal head circumference (FHC) and fetal sex. t-test and x2-test were used to compare these categorical variables. RESULTS: The study included 331 nulliparous singleton pregnant women undergoing elective induction for postterm pregnancy: 127 (38.4%) delivered babies by cesarean section due to induction failure, progression failure and fetal distress, whereas 204 (61.6%) delivered vaginally. The mean maternal ages were 27.59+/-2.57 in cesarean delivery group and 26.99+/-2.61 in vaginal delivery group. The average values of BMI at postterm in cesarean and vaginal delivery groups were 26.70+/-2.82 and 25.75+/-2.67 kg/m2. GA was 41.36+/-0.27 weeks in cesarean delivery group, whereas 41.20+/-0.19 weeks in vaginal delivery group. The average FBW and FHC were 3460.31+/-358.22 g and 34.59+/-1.18 cm in cesarean delivery group, compared to 3363.95+/-361.22 g and 34.03+/-1.34 cm in vaginal delivery group. CONCLUSION: The BMI, FBW and FHC have linked to the risk of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women who underwent elective induction. Thus, these information would provide the useful tools to assess the risk of cesarean section in postterm nulliparous patients for planning an induction.

A Clinical Study of Pregnancy and Delivery in Pregnant Women 35 Years and Older / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of the age factor in pregnant women who are over the age of 35 on pregnancy, parturition and verified its usefulness in the future managements of the old aged pregnancy. METHODS: Out of 2,526 mothers who delivered in Dongguk university hospital from April 2000 to June 2003, we selected 183 mothers who aged more than 35 years as a study group, and 150 mothers aged between 25 and 29 years as a control group. We then statistically evaluated and analyzed the two groups. RESULTS: Study group consumed up to 7.24%. Placenta previa, male birth delivery, abnormal presentation, low birth weight, iron deficiency anemia and preterm labor was noted more in the study group. Likewise, preterm delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension and cesarean section rates were significantly high in the study group. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in old age is currently a rising trend. Whlie they might have the tendency to show prenatal complications, neonatal complication and difficult decision making in delivery method, early detection and treatment of presumable complications by adequate antenatal care and appropriate selection of delivery method can reduce the section rates and obtain relatively successful pregnancy outcome.

Combination Chemotherapy for Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors / 대한부인종양콜포스코피학회잡지

Thirteen patients with malignant germ cell tumars of the ovary have been treated with a combination chemotherapy. The age of the patients ranged from ll to 50 years and there was no history of radiation therapy of chemotherapy except operation, Stage distributions are as follow ; 2 pstients are stage IV, 3 are stage II and remainied 8 are stage I. 4 patients with immature teratama and 2 patients with mixed germ cell tumor received VAC chemotherapy, as primary therapy, and among them 1 lost to follow up but remained 5 cases live without evidence of disease 39 to 83 gnontha. There were 3 patients with endodermal sinus tumor and 1 received VAC and remeined 2 received FVB as primary chemotherapy, Of them 1 died of disease after 9 months of oyeration and the other 2 live now with no evidence of disease. There were 2 patiente with dysgerminoma and 2 with primary ovarian choriocarcinoma. 1 patient with dysagerminoma and 1 wit choriocarcinoma were died because of chemotherapy toxicity, 1 patient with dysgerminoma, who refused further ehemotherapy after l course of chemot.herapy, died of progressive disease. l patient wit choriocarcinoma now live well without evidence of disease at 35 months. The combination chemotherapy using VAC or PVB regimen represents an effective treatment for malignant. germ cell turnars of the ovary and reveals moderate oxicity.

Clinical analysis pf primary carcinoma of the fallopain tube: a review of 6 cases / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.