[Gallblader sonographic abnormality following ceftriaxone treatment in children]

Considering the relatively wide application of ceftriaxone in pediatric infectious diseases and its side effects, this study was done to determine gallblader sonographic abnormality following ceftriaxone treatment in children. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 patients age 1 month up to 12 years in Besat hospital, Hamadan, Iran during 2007. The sonographic abnormal finding of gallbladder before ceftriaxone therapy and 5 days after therapy were recorded. In case of any abnormality in gallblader sonography was repeated twice a week in the first two weeks and afterward once a week up to disappearance of abnormalities. Gallblader sonographic abnormality were observed in 10 cases [16.5%]. Out of them, 8 and 2 patients had bile stone and bile sludge, respectivley. The patients did not show any clinical manifestations. There was no relation between age and sex with abnormal findings. Gallblader abnormality completely were disappeared in the worst cases by sixteen days. This study showed that the incidence of either gallstone or biliary sludge after treatment with ceftriaxone was 16.5% which is relatively similar to other studies

Nasal carriage rate of community- and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in children, Kermanshah, Iran

Background: Staphylococcus aureus [S.aureus] is an importantpathogen in human infections.Some strains of S. aureusare methicillin-resistant [MRSA] andcause hospital- and community-acquired infections in children. The aims of this study were to determine nasalcarriage rate of S. aureus and susceptibility pattern of this organism to some antibioticsamong children in Kermanshah province, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Kermanshah province, Iranfrom 2007 to 2008.Nasal swabs were obtained from 274 children who were hospitalized in our university hospital at the time of admission and 219 children upon dischargetime.If result of nasal culture was positive at admission time they considered community acquired and if result at admission time was negative but positive at discharge time they considered hospital acquired. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S.aureuswere done by disk diffusion method and results were compared between them. Results: In 55 patients out of 274 cases [20.07%], S. aureus was demonstrated upon admission [community-acquired]. In the remaining 219 cases, S. aureus was detected in 46 cases [21%] at discharge time [hospital-acquired]. The rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] in community- and hospital-acquired infections were 96.4% and 95.7%, respectively.We observed no statistical significance different in antibiotic resistance pattern between community acquired and hospital – acquired S.aureus except for co-triomoxcazol [P=0.034]. Conclusion: A high rate of MRSA in both community- and hospital-acquired infections were observed