Knowledge and practices regarding hepatitis b virus infection and its prevalence among barbers of rural area of rahim yar khan

Background: HBV infection is the global issue in developing world

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices regarding hepatitis B virus infection among barbers of rural areas of Rahim Yar Khan

Methodology: Study Design: Cross sectional study. Study Setting: Rural area of Khanpur, District Rahimyar Khan. Study Duration: 1st July to 31st December 2017. Sample size: 100 barbers. Sampling technique: Non probability / purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria: 100 barbers working in rural area of Khanpur, District Rahimyar Khan with work experience more than 3 months were included. Data collection and analysis: A structured closed ended questionnaire was filled by non probability convenience sampling technique and 3 ml Blood sample was collected from each barber and tested for HBsAg. Frequencies and percentages were computed using IBM SPSS 20

Results: The prevalence of HBV infection among barbers was 4%. Overall knowledge about HBV infection and its transmission was poor in 70% of barbers. 18% barbers know liver as the organ affected by HBV and 67% knew about its transmission by razors, 90% barbers used antiseptic solution after each client and only 13% had undergone screening tests for HBV infection

Conclusion: The knowledge of the barbers regarding HBV in this study was poor. By launching health education and motivational programs, barber's knowledge and attitude towards safe practice can be improved. Registration and regular monitoring of barbers will help to improve compliance to attend these programs and to achieve healthy practices by barbers

Prognosis of stroke in children after three months of regular physical therapy in Lahore

To evaluate the effects and significance of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercises on stroke patients. The prospective follow-up study was conducted from January, 2012, to June, 2012, and comprised randomly-selected patients at the Department of Neurology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Using systematic sampling the patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group I were subjected to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation therapy, while those in group II were treated by passive range of motion exercises only. All patients were followed up at months 1, 2 and 3. Data was collected through a questionnaire, while muscle strength was evaluated through Medical Research Council scale. All date was analysed using SPSS 20. There were 50 patients in the study who were all below 15 years of age. Muscle strength of affected side at baseline in the experimental group I was 2.36 +/- 0.49 and in the control group II it was 2.60 +/- 0.50. At the end of the three-month follow-up, it had considerably increased to 4.76 +/- 0.43 in group I while it was 3.80 +/- 0.50 in group II [p<0.0001] Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation technique was an effective method in terms of pain relief, stiffness reduction and functional improvement

Prevalence of hepatitis in neonates and children in Karachi

Inflammation of liver is known as "hepatitis" is commonly found in infant as neonatal hepatitis and in children as acute and chronic hepatitis. Neonatal hepatitis is a general term for inflammation of the liver that occurs shortly after birth in newborns [less than 3 months of age] for which a specific cause cannot be identified. To provide an overview of current childhood statistics of hepatitis and jaundice to facilitate analysis of the impact of past research discoveries on outcome and provide essential information for prioritizing future research directions. Experimental Study. This study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, BMSI, JPMC, Karachi from May 2004 to March 2005. Slides / paraffin blocks of liver biopsies from patients under 15 years of age. The cases were of two categories i.e. retrospective and prospective. The distribution of 480 cases of hepatitis was according to Age and Sex. Total 200 [41.7%] cases were encountered in the youngest of 0-5 years age group, 180 [37.5%] cases in 6-10 years and only 100 [20.8%] cases in 11-15 age group. The distribution of 24 cases of hepatitis was according to Age and Sex. Total 200 [41.7%] cases were encountered in the youngest of 0-5 years age group, 180 [37.5%] cases in 6-10 and only 100 [20.8%] cases in 11-15 age group. It is observed that the tendency of liver inflammation was decreased with increase in age and sexual differentiation showing male predominance with male to female ratio of 2:1. The inflammation of liver /hepatitis in young children, can be caused by infectious, metabolic, and genetic disorders. Physiological jaundice or neonatal hepatitis is mostly reported in male population than females, in children. In Karachi this is found that neonatal jaundice can be recovered with the growing age and it is found to be a common cause for enlargement of liver and associated liver diseases in infants and children that can lead to higher risks of acute or chronic liver diseases in adulthood

Oral self screening among students of dow university of health sciences

To determine the frequency of awareness of oral self screening in terms of clinical site and practice towards addiction among the students of health sciences according to low and high fees status. Qualitative study, KAP-study. Dow University Campuses, from November 2008 to March 2009. Twelve hundred and fifty undergraduate and graduate [male/female] medical students, filled oral self assessment questionnaire distributed among medical undergraduate and graduate students of the affiliated institutes of the Dow University of Health Sciences divided into those with low and high fees status according to annual tuition fees [less or more than 40,000 Rs]. The students were mainly asked about their practices towards addiction include smoking and chewing tobacco and identification of sites effected. White /red striae, ulceration and/or epithelial erosions were detected under oral self examination for preneoplasia. SPSS-13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Low and high fees college showed contrasting results for addiction among students of DUHS. Addictions prevailed among high fees students group includes betel nut [7.7%], cigarette [3.2%], sheesha [3.1%], quid [3%], 1.1% gutka and 0.7% cigar [0.7%]. Compared to betel nut [5%], quid [3.2%], sheesha and cigar [1.5%] each, cigarette [1.2%] and gutka [0.5%] for low fees group of students at DUHS. Intra oral lesions i.e. [ulcer, striae, erosions] were more frequent on gingiva [1.2%] in the low fees group, compared to 0.2% among high fees students group. Angle of mouth had 0.5% frequency for low and 0.7% for high fees group respectively. Tongue lesions were 1.7% for low and 1.0% for the high fees group students. Buccal mucosa had 1.0% and 1.2% lesions respectively for the low and high fees group. Palate lesions were 1.2% for low and 0.8% for high fees group. Floor of the mouth presented 0.7% lesions for high compared to 0.2% lesions for the low fees group students. Gingiva showed slightly higher prevalence of lesions for the low fees group students of DUHS. The patterns of addictions were also different according to the socioeconomic status

Extracorporeal lithotripsy in the management of renal stone

The introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy [ESWL] has radically altered surgical strategy in the management of renal stone. However, as experience with the new technology is gathered, it is becoming clear that ESWL must be applied selectively and in close integration with other endourological methods if the desired result is to obtain a high stone-free rate following treatment. With stones in the renal pelvis, a 92% stone-free rate may be expected at 3 months following ESWL. With large calculi, and those in other locations in the kidney or upper ureter, the stone-free result may be as low as 30% if ESWL is used without an adjuvant percutaneous or endo-ureteral procedure. Providing that ESWL is supported by a full endourological programme, it should be possible to achieve a 90% stone-free rate, in at least 95% of patients with renal and upper ureteric stone, without recourse to surgery

Delayed surgical repair of the ruptured kidney

As the majority of renal injuries will resolve satisfactorily with conservative management, only a small proportion will require consideration for surgical repair. These include kidneys that have been severely lacerated or ruptured, or those that have sustained injury to the renovascular pedicle. In the experience of many, immediate or early surgery undertaken for these serious injuries may result in nephrectomy in up to one-third of cases, usually on account of uncontrolled bleeding. We believe that a full picture of the extent and nature of the injury would be available, soon after resuscitation, from non-invasive investigation using urography, CT and isotope scanning, and that surgery may then be performed electively in all cases except for those injuries that are life-threatening or involve the renovascular pedicle. It is our limited experience that surgical repair of the ruptured or seriously lacerated kidney may offer more rewarding results if undertaken some 4-6 weeks after injury. The case studies here presented illustrate some features in the evaluation of the ruptured kidney, and the results available from delayed surgical repair

Genitourinary malignancies in Abu Dhabi the pathological spectrum updated

The pathological spectrum of malignancies involving the genitourinary tract, presenting to one urological unit over-two 12-month periods separated by an interval of 5 years, is reviewed. Urothelial tumours of the bladder remain the most frequently encountered type of malignancy and the majority of these show varying degrees of squamous metaplasia associated with the primary tumour-cell type. The incidence of carcinoma of the prostate has shown a rise greater than two-fold over the five-year period, but other malignancies remain uncommon. Genitourinary malignancy accounted for around one per cent all urological conditions treated