Correlation of back pain with obesity and posture among teenagers

Low back pain [LBP] rises rapidly during adolescence, reaching adult levels at the ageof 18. It has been suggested that adolescent LBP has least effect. Back pain usually effects females more than males and athletes are more effected by it. Sciatica and Scoliosis are the main causes of back pain. Sciatica might due to sensory deficit while, scoliosis is the abnormal curvature of spine. Disc herniation, degenerative changes, compression are the causes for sciatica while vertebral anomalies, neuromuscularfactors caused scoliosis. As sciatica is not a disease, so diagnosed with nonspecific low back pain which can be treated with acupuncture treatment or spinal infiltration. Lumbar corpectomy, disc replacement and screw usage are the ways of treatment for scoliosis

Ciprofloxacin; the frequent use in poultry and its consequences on human health

Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal agents that exhibit AUC/MIC dependent killing. In general, they are effective against Gram-negative organisms and some mycobacteria. Ciprofloxacin is the members of this group and its bactericidal action involves the impeding of enzyme topoisomerase II and IV. In human beings, this drug is recommended for a variety of infections including typhoid fever, chronic bacterial prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, complicated intra-abdominal infections, infectious diarrhea, and uncomplicated cervical as well as urethral gonorrhea. The drug is as effective in animals as in humans, and is therefore used in animals as well. According to European health law and National Office of Animal Health [NOAH], UK, the statutory withdrawal period for veterinary medicinal products must not be less than 28 days for meat from poultry. The chicken used for meat purpose usually is of the age between 6 to 8 weeks, therefore the use of the drug must be discontinued by the age of 2 weeks. Whereas the age of chick at which it usually develops indicated diseases, is 3 weeks. In this situation, it is not possible to attain a withdrawal period of 28 days. Based on these observations, ciprofloxacin use may not be recommended in poultry for treatment of diseases as it may cause unnecessary exposure to humans while utilizing poultry meat and may lead to the development of drug resistance