Radiomorphometric Evaluation of Orbit and Inter-Orbital Distance for Gender Determination

Introduction: Anthropometry deals with obtainingmeasurements of anatomical structures to assist in identifyingthe age, stature, gender and several aspects related to individualor ethnic group. Orbital measurements and inter-orbitaldistance are one of the craniofacial parameters that couldbe used in gender identification in terms of anthropologicalstudies. Study aimed to measure the width of the orbitalapertures on Postero-anterior skull radiographic view, tomeasure the height of the orbital apertures on Postero-anteriorskull radiographic view, to measure the interorbital distanceon Postero-anterior skull radiographic view and to determinegender from radiomorphometric evaluation of orbit and interorbital distanceMaterial and Methods: In this study, a total of 100retrospective postero-anterior radiographs were selected fromdepartment’s collection using KODAK-8000 panoramic andcephalometric system following radiation protection protocol.Subjects were in the age range of 18 to 50 years. The maximumwidth and height of orbit and inter-orbital distance of theorbits were measured using masterveiw software (Version4.5.1). The data obtained was analyzed by using student“t” test.Results: The mean orbital width in males was 4.91 andfemales was 4.97. The observed mean difference wasstatistically significant (P-0.005). The mean orbital height inmales was 4.96 and females was 4.86. The observed meandifference was statistically significant (P-0.001) The meaninter-orbital distance in males was 3.37 and females was 3.00.The observed mean difference was statistically significant(P-<0.001)Conclusion: Hence we conclude that orbit and inter-orbitaldistance can be used in determining the gender.

Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview.

Oral Cancer encompasses an important faction of neoplasms of head and neck. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas. Ideally, this fatal disease is detected through a comprehensive clinical examination by the oral health care professionals. Regardless of the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible, most oral cancers are typically detected at an advanced stage. This has attributed to lower survival rate. Saliva, an aqueous biological fluid is in direct contact with the oral cancer lesion. Hence, the abnormal DNA, RNA, protein molecules released by the malignant cells can be easily obtained from saliva. Saliva, being a noninvasive diagnostic aid can be an alternative to serum for early detection, monitoring post therapy status, prognosis of oral cancer patients. This article aims to provide a brief overview of various salivary biomarkers and their implications in oral cancer.

Not Just for Tobacco Users Anymore!!! The Emerging Evidence of Human Papilloma Virus: An Overview.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a broad and varying rate of incidence and mortality around the world. Tobacco smoking and chewing, alcohol consumption are the main etiological agents for HNSCC and have been estimated to account for the majority of disease burden worldwide. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing awareness about the human papilloma virus (HPV), the necessary cause of cancer of the cervix that has been etiologically linked with oropharyngeal cancer. Often diagnosed at a late stage this subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has an affi nity for the oropharynx and tends to show low diff erentiation histopathologically and better prognosis regardless of the treatment strategy. Th e HPV belongs to the papillomavaviridiae group of virus which can infect the mucosal and cutaneous epithelia in a species-specifi c manner inducing cellular proliferation. Th e HPV can cause active subclinical infection without clinical signs or can also cause clinical infection that can lead to benign, potentially malignant or malignant lesions. Hence, this overview attempts to focus on the relevant characteristics of HPV and its role in oropharyngeal cancer.