Relationship between State-Trait Anxiety, Parenting Efficacy, Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Amblyopia / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between state-trait anxiety, parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy in mothers of children with Amblyopia. METHODS: This study was surveyed 221 mothers of children aged 3 to 14 years with amblyopia who have visited ophthalmology of outpatient department of a university hospital and been treated with occlusion therapy in G-city. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, correlation coefficient, using the SPSS program. RESULTS: There was significant positive correlation between state-trait anxiety and parenting stress (r=.480, P<0.001) and negative correlation between state-trait anxiety and parenting self-efficacy (r=-.402, P<0.001). Parenting self-efficacy had negative correlation to parenting stress (r=-.484, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing intervention program which enhances the self-efficacy and reduces the parenting stress in mothers of children with amblyopia should be developed to improving vision of the children.

The Effects of an Individual Cognitive Improvement Program on the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairments

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate changes in cognitive functions, depression and life-satisfaction for elderly participants with mild cognitive impairments participating in an individual cognitive improvement program. METHODS: A quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was implemented. The participants were senior citizens over 65 years of age who had been clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairments in G City and J Province (experimental group: 29, control group: 27). The experimental group participated in the individual cognitive improvement program based on Korean traditional tales and games for nine weeks. RESULTS: After the intervention, only the participants in the experimental group reported significant improvement in K-MMSE (t=-2.5, p=.016), MoCA-K (t=-2.6, p=.008), depression (t=3.51, p=.001), and life satisfaction (t=-2.75, p=.008) when compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the individual cognitive improvement program was effective in improving cognitive functions, depression, and life-satisfaction among the elderly with mild cognitive impairments. Therefore, the application of this individual cognitive improvement program developed in this study by visiting nurses may strengthen the cognitive functions of seniors with mild cognitive impairments.

A Survey on Visiting Nurses' Management for Elders with Cognitive Impairment Living in a Community: Focused on Health Centers in a Metropolitan and Medium-sized Cities / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. METHODS: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. CONCLUSION: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

A Survey on Visiting Nurses' Management for Elders with Cognitive Impairment Living in a Community: Focused on Health Centers in a Metropolitan and Medium-sized Cities / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. METHODS: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. CONCLUSION: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

Constructing a Questionnaire on Male Workers' Sobriety Behavior: Based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct a questionnaire to assess male workers' sobriety behavior based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: A primary questionnaire with 56 questions was constructed based on literature review and structured interview with male workers. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was evaluated by a group of experts, construct validity was tested by principle component analysis, and reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest reliability test. RESULTS: Fifty two questions showed higher than .8 of CVI. Four factors explained 78.71% of the total variance among items for sobriety intention and direct measure, and six factors explained 67.99% of the total variance among indirect measure items and those factors coincided with the variables of TPB in factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha of this questionnaire was .873 and the result of test-retest reliabilty test was relatively reliable. A total of 41 items with 7-point scale were constructed in the final version. CONCLUSION: This questionnaire was valid and reliable to measure sobriety behavior based on TPB in male workers. It can be useful to evaluate the result of a sobriety program for male workers.

Effects of an Empowerment Education Program in the Prevention of Internet Games Addiction in Middle School Students

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine effects of an empowerment education program (EEP) on internet games addiction, empowerment, and stress in middle school students. METHODS: The EEP used in this study was based on the Freire's Empowerment Education Model. The research design of this study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design for 48 middle school students, who were conveniently assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The data were collected from May 29 to June 19, 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC program with frequencies, chi-square-test, Fisher exact test, t-test, mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA. RESULTS: 1) The first hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have higher empowerment scores than the control group." was supported. 2) The second hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have lower internet games addiction scores than the control group." was supported. 3) The third hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have lower stress scores than the control group." was supported. CONCLUSION: We suggest, therefore, that the EEP should be used with adolescent to help them control their stress, internet games addiction and to increase their empowerment.

The Characteristics of Smoking Cessation Behavior by the Stage of Change in Industrial Workers

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the stages of change in smoking cessation behavior and factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior according to the trans-theoretical model. METHODS: The subjects were 154 industrial workers working at H Industry in N City, Chonnam Province who were currently smoking and had smoked in the past. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison test using SAS Version 10.0. RESULTS: The subjects were distributed among the stages of change in smoking cessation behavior: there were 28 subjects (18.2%) in the precontemplation stage, 71 (46.1%) in the contemplation stage, 21 (13.6%) in the preparation stage, 8 (5.2%) in the action stage, and 26 (16.9%) in the maintenance stage. The amount of smoking per day, self-efficacy, and advantages (pros) of smoking were significantly associated with the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior of the subject should be identified prior to the application of intervention programs, nursing intervention strategies should be considered to reduce the amount of smoking per day, and the disadvantages of smoking should be perceived.

An Exploratory Study for the Church Setting-Centered Health Promoting Program / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the health promoting lifestyle(HPL) practices and to provide the baseline data for development of church setting-centered health promotion program. METHODS: For the study, 315 adults were selected from a church in G city by convenient sampling method. The data were analyzed using frequencies, ANOVA, t-test, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the SPSS/PC program. RESULTS: The mean score on HPL was 3.3. The item of the lowest score HPL was smoking. In the mean score of knowledge, behavior, and practice on HPL, the highest score of knowledge on HPL was drinking, but the highest score of practice was smoking. On the other hand, the highest score of behavior was: exercise, nutrition, stress respectably. Analysis of HPL according to the demographic characteristics showed there was a statistically significant difference by age. Subcategories of HPL showed positive correlations statistically significant: Exercise with nutrition, stress and drinking. Nutrition with stress and drinking. Drinking with stress and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the above findings, it is suggested to develop church setting-centered health promotion program with areas focused on management of stress, antismoking, sobriety, practice in nutrition and exercises.

Meta-Analysis of Effects on Adolescent Smoking Cessation Programs in Korea / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: Meta-analysis of this study was to analyze the character of adolescent smoking cessation programs, to calculate the effect size according to variables and to compare the weighted mean effect sizes on adolescent smoking cessation programs in Korea. METHODS: Twenty two studies for meta-analysis were selected from dissertations, theses, articles and research papers that had been published from 1995 to 2003. The selected studies had a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pretest-post test design and had reported statistical value to calculate the effect size. RESULTS: The mean number of sessions was 6.5. The education time per each session varied from 40 to 150 min and the most applied theories were Bandura's social-cognitive theory and the cognitive-behavioral theory. Smoking-knowledge, smoking-attitudes and smoking-amount showed high effects on the first post test after mediating adolescent smoking cessation programs according to the criteria of Cohen. The effect size of urine-cotinine found no homogeneity on the first post test, but it was significantly effective on the second post test. CONCLUSION: Adolescent smoking cessation programs analyzed in this study were relatively effective in smoking abstinence.

The Relation between Farmers' Syndrome and Quality of Life of Residents in Suburban Area

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the relation between farmers' syndrome and the quality of life of residents in suburban areas. METHODS: A total of 994 subjects were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from June 25 to August 31, 2007. Data analysis included frequency, chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS Win 12.0. RESULTS: 1. Analysis of farmers' syndrome showed that there were statistically significant differences according to age, gender, education, living with, family conversation, health security, monthly income, occupation, general health status, systolic blood pressure, and sleeping time. 2. Analysis of the quality of life showed that there were statistically significant differences according to age, education, religion, family conversation, health security, monthly income, occupation, and sleeping time. 3. Farmers' syndrome was in a significantly negative correlation with quality of life. CONCLUSION: Considering the results above, we need to develop nursing interventions for decreasing hypertension, high blood sugar, and farmers' syndrome of residents in suburban area.