Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of CarbapenemResistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is increasingly reported worldwide causing serious threats to healthcare. This study aimed to identify the common organisms associated with CRE, the clinical characteristics and risk factors for acquiring CRE infection and colonisation among hospitalised patients. Methods: This is a matched, case-control study. Patients aged 18 years and above whom were hospitalised from January 2019 to December 2019 and had CRE isolated from clinical specimens were matched with carbapenem-susceptible controls (CSE), based on gender and age. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed. Results: Among 184 patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism causing CRE infection and colonisation. Chronic kidney disease (p=0.025, OR:3.12, 95% CI:1.15-8.41), urinary catheterisation (p=0.005, OR:3.67, 95% CI:1.49- 9.00), prior use of cephalosporin (p<0.001, OR:4.69, 95% CI:1.96–11.22) and beta-lactam combination agent (p<0.001, OR:7.18, 95% CI:2.98-17.26) were identified as the independent risk factors. Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease, urinary catheterisation, prior use of cephalosporin and beta-lactam combination agents were independently associated with CRE infection and colonisation. These findings enable targeting potential CRE cohorts, hence, necessitate early undertaking of prevention measures to delay the onset of CRE. A rigorous effort by antibiotic stewardship an infection control team are pivotal.

Pharmacological Therapy in Panic Disorder: Current Guidelines and Novel Drugs Discovery for Treatment-resistant Patient

Panic disorder (PD) being one of the most intensively investigated anxiety disorders is considered a heterogeneous psychiatric disease which has difficulties with early diagnosis. The disorder is recurrent and usually associated with low remission rates and high rates of relapse which may exacerbated social and quality of life, causes unnecessary cost and increased risk for complication and suicide. Current pharmacotherapy for PD are available but these drugs have slow therapeutic onset, several side effects and most patients do not fully respond to these standard pharmacological treatments. Ongoing investigations indicate the need for new and promising agents for the treatment of PD. This article will cover the importance of immediate and proper treatment, the gap in the current management of PD with special emphasis on pharmacotherapy, and evidence regarding the novel anti-panic drugs including the drugs in developments such as metabotropic glutamate (mGlu 2/3) agonist and levetiracetam. Preliminary results suggest the anti-panic properties and the efficacy of duloxetine, reboxetine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, risperidone and inositol as a monotherapy drug. Apart for their effectiveness, the aforementioned compounds were generally well tolerated compared to the standard available pharmacotherapy drugs, indicating their potential therapeutic usefulness for ambivalent and hypervigilance patient. Further strong clinical trials will provide an ample support to these novel compounds as an alternative monotherapy for PD treatment-resistant patient.

Eurycoma Longifolia as a potential adoptogen of male sexual health: a systematic review on clinical studies / 中国天然药物

Eurycoma longifolia (EL) has been well recognized as a booster of male sexual health. Over the past few decades, numerous in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials have been conducted across the globe to explore the promising role of EL in managing various male sexual disorders, which include erectile dysfunction, male infertility, low libido, and downregulated testosterone levels. The aim of the present review is to analyze and summarize the literature on human clinical trials which revealed the clinical significance and therapeutic feasibility of EL in improving male sexual health. This systematic review is focused on the following databases: Medline, Wiley Online Library, BioMed Central, Hindawi, Web of Knowledge, PubMed Central and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "Eurycoma longifolia", "EL", "Tongkat Ali", "male sexual health", "sexual infertility", "erectile dysfunction", "male libido", and "testosterone levels". Notably, only human clinical studies published between 2000 and 2014 were selected and thoroughly reviewed for relevant citations. Out of 150 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of articles included were randomized placebo-controlled trials, multiple cohort studies, or pilot trials. All these studies demonstrated considerable effects of EL on male sexual health disorders. Among them, 7 studies revealed remarkable association between the use of EL and the efficacy in the treatment of male sexual disorders, and remaining 4 studies failed to demonstrate sufficient effects on male sexual health. In summary, there is convincing evidence for the prominence of EL in improving the male sexual health. The review also substantiates the use of current methodology in the development of novel and more rationale natural herbal medicines for the management of male sexual disorders.

The Influence of Age, Ethnicity and Body Anthropometry on the Level of Serum Osteocalcin and Terminal-C Telopeptides of Type I Collagen in Men / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are useful in the assessment of bone health status. However, the infl uence of age, ethnicity and body anthropometry on the level of BTMs in men remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the infl uence of these factors on the level of BTM, namely osteoclacin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) among Malay and Chinese men (N = 407) aged 20 years and above in Klang Valley. The subjects were recruited using purposive sampling method. Their height, body weight and body mass index were measured. Their blood was collected in the morning for serum OC and CTX-1 analysis using enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assays. Results showed that OC and CTX-1 levels were signifi cantly higher in Malay compared to Chinese men (p 0.005). There were signifi cant and negative correlations between OC and body mass index and weight, which were signifi cant for men aged 20-39 years only (p 0.05). As a conclusion, levels of BTMs in Malaysian men could be infl uenced by age, ethnicity and body anthropometry. Thus, these factors should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of bone health status of men using BTMs