A case of acute myeloid leukemia-M2 with trisomy 4 in addition to t(8;21).

t(8;21)(q22;q22) is the most frequently observed karyotypic abnormality associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), specifically in FAB-M2. Short-term unstimulated bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood lymphocyte culture showed 47,XX, +4,t(8;21) in all metaphase plates; and interphase and metaphase results of AML-ETO fusion was positive and trisomy of 4 was confirmed with WCP probes. Trisomy 4 in AML with t(8;21) is a rare numerical abnormality. Here we present such case of patient which may constitute a distinctive subtype.

Diabetes mellitus in Dombivli--an urban population study.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken with the following aims and objectives. a) To determine the prevalence of diabetes. b) To compare the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetic subjects, diagnosed by the ADA and WHO criteria. c) To determine to what extent prevalence rates are affected by gender, age and body mass index. METHODS: The study population consisted of 520 subjects aged 20 years and above selected by random sampling. Blood glucose both fasting and post glucose (75 gms) two hours sample were analyzed. Baseline clinical data like height, weight and blood pressure were recorded. Known cases of diabetes were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes (fasting blood glucose) as per WHO criteria was 4.61% while it was 7.5% as per ADA criteria. The prevalence according to the two hour glucose reading was 6.15%. The mean glucose level increase with age. With increasing BMI the percentage of diabetic subjects also increases. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 8.6% in subjects below 50 years and 13.4% in subjects older than 50 years. IGT values also increase with increasing age and BMI. 1.3% of subjects had normal fasting glucose level (< 126 mgm%) but high post glucose levels (> 200 mgm%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes and IGT is higher as compared to earlier studies. The mean blood glucose and IGT increase with increasing age and BMI. Several subjects had normal fasting blood glucose but increased two hour blood glucose level indicating that fasting glucose alone should not be used to diagnose DM. Urbanization and life style of residents of Dombivli contribute to the high prevalence.

Sickle cell syndromes in and around Bardoli.

The study comprised of 2 groups. In group I sickling test was done in students studying in a school which mainly caters to the educational needs of the backward community. Out of 130 students examined 24 were found to be sicklers. The distribution of this cases among various castes/tribes were as follows--Choudharys (Cd)-13, Gamits (Gt)-4, Dhodhia Patels (DP)-4, Koknis (K)-2 and Koli Patel (KP)-1. In group II, patients admitted in the hospital between Jan '81 to June '82 were studied. The prevalence of sickle cell syndrome was 1.74%. The most common mode of presentation were limb pains and weakness. Hemoglobin values ranged from 3.0 gram% to 12 gms%. 35 cases of HbSS, 149 cases of HbAS and 1 case of Sickle Beta thalassemia were seen. The distribution of the cases amongst the various tribes and castes were as follows-Cd-93, Gt-56, DP-23, KP-7, K-4 and Rathods (R)-2. No cases were found in Anavil Brahmins or Patidar Patels. Clinical and pathological observations included palpable splenomegaly in 54 cases, splenic abscess in 1 case, isothenuria in large number of patients, microscopic hematuria in 6 cases and frank hematuria in 1 case. Osteomyelitis and cholecystitis were seen in one case each.