RESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the shaping ability of Reciproc and Twisted-File Adaptive systems in rapid prototyping replicas. Material and Methods: Two mandibular molars showing S-shaped and 62-degree curvatures in the mesial root were scanned by using a microcomputed tomography (μCT) system. The data were exported in the stereolitograhic format and 20 samples of each molar were printed at 16 µm resolution. The mesial canals of 10 replicas of each specimen were prepared with each system. Transportation was measured by overlapping radiographs taken before and after preparation and resin thickness after instrumentation was measured by μCT. Results: Both systems maintained the original shape of the apical third in both anatomies (P>0.05). Overall, considering the resin thickness in the 62-degree replicas, no statistical difference was found between the systems (P>0.05). In the S-shaped curvature replica, Reciproc significantly decreased the thickness of the resin walls in comparison with TF Adaptive. Conclusions: The evaluated systems were able to maintain the original shape at the apical third of severely curved mesial canals of molar replicas. .
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Instrumentos Dentales , Cavidad Pulpar/anatomía & histología , Modelos Anatómicos , Diente Molar/anatomía & histología , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/instrumentación , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Cavidad Pulpar , Imagenología Tridimensional , Diente Molar , Estándares de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Ápice del Diente/anatomía & histología , Ápice del DienteRESUMEN
La colecistitis calculosa aguda es la causa más importante de colecistectomías en el mundo. En esta revisión de tema se resume la fisiopatología del proceso inflamatorio de la vesícula biliar secundaria a la obstrucción de la vía biliar, así como sus manifestaciones clínicas, estudios diagnósticos y su manejo médico-quirúrgico.
Acute calculous cholecystitis is the most important cause of cholecystectomies worldwide. We review the physiopathology of the inflammatory process in this organ secondary to biliary tract obstruction, as well as its clinical manifestations, workup, and the treatment it requires.
Asunto(s)
Colecistitis , Enfermedades de la Vesícula BiliarRESUMEN
El trauma múltiple nos ofrece la oportunidad única de observar la importancia de relacionar la fisiología de los múltiples sistemas del cuerpo humano. La presión intrabdominal y sus expresiones patológicas son temas de gran controversia e interés actual. La discusión y el manejo de dicho tema son fundamentales en la práctica médica actual. Se describe brevemente la fisiología de la presión intrabdominal y sus relaciones con múltiples sistemas. Además, se discuten sus manifestaciones patológicas, como la hipertensión abdominal y el síndrome de compartimiento abdominal, y sus principales causas.
Simple and tremendously important physiological concepts such as intraabdominal pressure are commonly relegated in the actual medical education. This review focuses on the physiological and pathological aspects of intraabdominal pressure and its relationship with the renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, portosystemic visceral and central nervous systems. Methods of measurement and actual definitions of its pathologic expression (intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome) are also reviewed. The deadly trauma triad and damage control surgery are concepts intimately related with the abdominal compartment syndrome, its physiology and treatment are described briefly. The review also explores the relationship between intra abdominal pressure and intra cranial pressure, and describes a new treatment strategy for intractable intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury based on this relationship.The complexity of polytraumatized patients forces us to study from a universal point of view the physiologic phenomena involved, and to identify and treat the repercussions that these may have in the rest of the body. Trauma sets the perfect stage for a better understanding of the bodys physiology and reminds us of the great complexity that is the human body machinery.
Asunto(s)
Descompresión Quirúrgica , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales , Traumatismo Múltiple , Traumatismos AbdominalesRESUMEN
Los cálculos biliares son frecuentes en la población general y Latinoamérica es una de las zonas con mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial. Esta revisión resume los principales hallazgos fisiopatológicos y bioquímicos de los varios tipos de colelitiasis; además, revisa los principales esquemas de clasificación. Se identifica la importancia de la inspección macroscópica de los cálculos por parte del cirujano, ya que las características morfológicas externas y la apariencia al corte de los cálculos nos brindan información primordial sobre su etiología. Además, el conocimiento y el entendimiento de la fisiopatología generan las herramientas necesarias para enfocar de manera más precisa el tratamiento que, en muchos casos, va más allá de la colecistectomía.
Gallstones are very frequent in the general population and Latin America is one of the regions with the highest prevalence worldwide. We review the principal physiopathological and biochemical findings among the various types of gallstones and the multiple classification schemes based on these findings. The importance of the macroscopic examination of the stones by the surgeon is identified given that the external morphology of gallstones can provide key information regarding their etiology. Furthermore, an indepth understanding of the physiopathology and classification of gallstones can supply us with the tools needed to focus treatment, which in many occasions goes beyond a cholecystectomy.