The COVID-19 Correspondence Work Experience of Community Health Practitioners

Purpose@#This study aims to describe and understand the meaning and nature of community health practitioners’ coping with COVID-19. @*Methods@#In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 community health practitioners from August to October 2021, to describe and understand the nature of their coping with COVID-19. The collected data were examined and described based on Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. @*Results@#16 theme clusters and five categories were derived from the community health practitioners’ experience of coping with COVID-19. The categories derived were: a war that began without notice, a variety of correspondence tasks assigned, struggling to fulfill given roles, correspondence tasks becoming more systematic, and a fight that has not yet ended. @*Conclusion@#Community health practitioners handled various response tasks related to COVID-19, and faithfully fulfilled their professional roles while performing the primary task of medical care. Hence, attention is required on issues related to the establishment of the national emergency healthcare system and improvement of professional competence of community health practitioners even after the COVID-19 pandemic is over. Furthermore, it is necessary to make ceaseless efforts to address those issues and, in order to do so, social interest and institutional support are needed.

The Effect of a Job Stress Management Program Based on Acceptance-Commitment Therapy for Firefighting Paramedics / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to develop an acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT) based job stress management programs for firefighting paramedics and to examine the effects on the psychological flexibility, job stress (i.e. psychological, physiological and behavioral areas) and quality of life. @*Methods@#This study consisted of a pre-test-posttest for a nonequivalent control group design. Participants were 45 firefighting paramedics working at two fire stations located in specific areas (experimental group: 22, control group: 23). The experimental group received the ACT based job stress management program twice a week for a total of 3 weeks. The study was carried out from August 12 to 31, 2019, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 25.0 with a x2 test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test. @*Results@#The differences between experimental and control groups were statistically significant for psychological flexibility (t=4.91, p<.001), psychological job stress (t=-6.10, p<.001) and quality of life (t=3.78, p<.001). However, physiological stress (t=-1.91, p=.063) and behavioral stress (t=-1.18, p=.243) were not significantly different between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study suggest that ACT based job stress management program can be used as an effective community mental health nursing intervention to improve the psychological flexibility, psychological job stress and quality of life of firefighting paramedics.

The Effect of the Education Applying Havruta's Method on Communication Competency, Critical Thinking Competency, and Self-leadership of Nursing Students

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to construct the education applying Havruta's method for nursing students and to examine its effect on the communication competency, critical thinking competency, and self-leadership. @*Methods@#A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 138 nursing students at two universities. The experimental group (n=70) received the education applying Havruta's method for six weeks. The study was carried out from September 23 to November 8, 2019. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 for the x 2 test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test. @*Results@#The experimental group had a significant increase in communication competency (t=2.44, p=.016). However, there was no significant difference in critical thinking competency (t=1.85, p=.067), and self-leadership (t=1.78, p=.077) between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#The education applying Havruta's method is an effective nursing education for communication competency. The result of this study could be a guide for nursing professors at the nursing education field when developing education programs that apply Habruta’s method. Based on these results, future studies should be conducted to apply Habruta’s teaching method to various nursing majors.

Nursing Students' Practice Experience on Community Visiting Nursing

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing students' practice on community visiting nursing. @*Methods@#For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 12 nursing students, and data were collected through individual in depth interviews from September to December 2018. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method suggested by Colaizzi. @*Results@#The experience of visiting nursing practice consisted of four themes. Four themes are ‘Understanding visiting nursing work: Tight time and problems to overcome’, ‘Understanding visiting nursing object: People waiting for a visiting nurse’, ‘Visiting nursing practice experience: Sometimes to get reprimanded but rewarding practice’, and ‘Expectations for visiting nursing business: Hopes for development’. @*Conclusion@#Findings from this study presented vivid experiences of nursing students who on community home visit nursing. Community visiting nursing practice became an opportunity for students to understand visiting nursing and target people and to think about the necessity of visiting nursing and future development direction. It is necessary to develop an institutional and policy basis with regard to the increasing number and role expansion of community visit nurses.

The Effect of the Education Applying Havruta's Method on Communication Competency, Critical Thinking Competency, and Self-leadership of Nursing Students

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to construct the education applying Havruta's method for nursing students and to examine its effect on the communication competency, critical thinking competency, and self-leadership. @*Methods@#A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 138 nursing students at two universities. The experimental group (n=70) received the education applying Havruta's method for six weeks. The study was carried out from September 23 to November 8, 2019. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 for the x 2 test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test. @*Results@#The experimental group had a significant increase in communication competency (t=2.44, p=.016). However, there was no significant difference in critical thinking competency (t=1.85, p=.067), and self-leadership (t=1.78, p=.077) between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#The education applying Havruta's method is an effective nursing education for communication competency. The result of this study could be a guide for nursing professors at the nursing education field when developing education programs that apply Habruta’s method. Based on these results, future studies should be conducted to apply Habruta’s teaching method to various nursing majors.

Nursing Students' Practice Experience on Community Visiting Nursing

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing students' practice on community visiting nursing. @*Methods@#For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 12 nursing students, and data were collected through individual in depth interviews from September to December 2018. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method suggested by Colaizzi. @*Results@#The experience of visiting nursing practice consisted of four themes. Four themes are ‘Understanding visiting nursing work: Tight time and problems to overcome’, ‘Understanding visiting nursing object: People waiting for a visiting nurse’, ‘Visiting nursing practice experience: Sometimes to get reprimanded but rewarding practice’, and ‘Expectations for visiting nursing business: Hopes for development’. @*Conclusion@#Findings from this study presented vivid experiences of nursing students who on community home visit nursing. Community visiting nursing practice became an opportunity for students to understand visiting nursing and target people and to think about the necessity of visiting nursing and future development direction. It is necessary to develop an institutional and policy basis with regard to the increasing number and role expansion of community visit nurses.

Experience of Hospital Administrative Nurses' Work Adjustment / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to explore the work experience of nurses who transitioned from the patient nursing department to administrative departments.METHODS: The participants were 11 nurses who had worked in departments of human resources, education and training, medical insurance review, information technology, and quality improvement. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews done between December 2017 and July 2018 and were analyzed in terms of Giorgi's phenomenological methodology. The research question was ‘What kind of experience did you have as you transition to a new role from a nurse to a hospital administrative nurse? What are the challenges in carrying out a new role? How do you overcome obstacles and adjust to being a hospital administrative nurse?’RESULTS: The main essence of the administrative nurses' work adjustment experience is represented by six components; 1) Beginning of a new challenge in conflict, 2) Running into barriers, 3) Struggling to take root, 4) Recognizing changes in the hospital, 5) Gradually adjusting to change, 6) Becoming a proficient hospital administrative nurse.CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, it is essential to create systems that enable administrative nurses to adjust to their work without confusion, and continuously develop programs to enhance their competence.

Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitudes to Advance Medical Directives and Ethics Values / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among nursing students' knowledge, attitudes to advance medical directives and ethics values. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey, carried out with 232 students from two schools of nursing, one located in B and C city. Student nurses' knowledge, attitudes for advance medical directives and ethics values were measured using structured self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The scores for knowledge, attitudes for medical advance directives were 7.18 and 3.07, and for ethics values, 3.47. Nursing students' knowledge and attitude showed a significant difference depending on grade. Nursing students' ethics values showed significant differences depending on whether a study on ethics had been completed. A positive correlation was observed between nursing students' knowledge, attitudes for advance medical directives and ethics values. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that basic data for the development of an effective education program on ethics is important in establishing a positive attitude toward advance medical directives and the appropriate ethical values in student nurses.

Nursing Students' Environmental Consciousness and Medical Waste Related Knowledge and Attitudes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence nursing students' environmental consciousness and knowledge of medical waste have on their attitudes toward medical waste. METHODS: The subjects were 211 nursing students recruited from 2 universities. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of environmental consciousness, and knowledge of and attitude toward medical waste. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. RESULTS: A total of 211 copies of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis, except for 9 untrusted responses out of 220 that included missing values. Those subjects' environmental consciousness who received environmental education in middle and high schools was higher (t=3.15, p=.002). The higher their grades, the better their knowledge of medical waste (F=3.40, p=.035). Those subjects’ knowledge of medical waste who received medical waste education was relatively high (t=3.14, p=.002). Those subjects with clinical practice experience had more sensitive attitudes toward medical waste (t=2.06, p=.041). Those subjects' attitudes toward Medical waste who received medical waste education at the universities were relatively high (t=2.04, p=.043). The subjects' environmental consciousness was positively correlated with their attitudes toward medical waste (r=.44, p<.001). The most influential factor in their attitudes toward medical waste is their environmental attitudes and medical waste education. CONCLUSION: The higher the nursing students' environmental consciousness, the higher their attitudes toward medical waste. It is necessary to provide environment and medical waste education for nursing students in order to strengthen their environmental consciousness and attitude toward medical waste.

A Case of an AUPBD Treated by Drainage of Major Papilla / 대한췌담도학회지

Anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct (AUPBD) is a rare congenital anomaly, defined as the pancreaticobiliary ductal union located outside of the duodenal wall, usually forming a markedly long common channel. This anomaly is associated with congenital choledochal cyst, carcinoma of the biliary tract and pancreatitis, and is more commonly seen in Asian than in Western countries. AUPBD is frequently accompanied by biliary dilatation, but some patients with AUPBD have no biliary dilatation. The causal relationship between AUPBD and biliary dilatation associated with this anomaly has not been fully established. Here, we report a case of type IIIc2 AUPBD without biliary duct dilatation that was treated by drainage of major papilla.

The Effects of an Acceptance-Commitment Therapy Based Stress Management Program on Hospitalization Stress, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being of Inpatients with Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct an acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT)-based stress management program for inpatients with schizophrenia and to examine its effects on hospitalization stress, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 44 inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The experimental group (n=22) received the ACT-based stress management program twice a week for a total of four weeks. The control group (n=22) received the usual care from their primary health care providers. The study was carried out from August 7 to September 1, 2017, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 with a Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and an independent t-test. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in hospitalization stress (t=5.09, p < .001) and an increase in self-efficacy (t=2.44, p=.019). However, there was no significant difference in psychological well-being between the two groups (t=0.13, p=.894). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the ACT-based stress management program can be used as an effective mental health nursing intervention for hospitalization stress and self-efficacy for inpatients with schizophrenia.

An Ethnography on Daily Lives of Nurses in Emergency Departments / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This ethnographic study was conducted to explore and understand themeaning of the daily life of nurses in emergency departments. Objectives for this study were to identify and describe the true nature of emergency roomnurses' daily experience and create a theoretical model based on the findings. METHODS: Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participants observation. These data were recorded and transcribed verbatimwith consent of the informants, 10 nurses who had cared for patients in emergency rooms. Data were collected between November 2013 and October 2014. Interviews continued until no new information could be identified from transcripts. Data were analyzed using the taxonomic analysis method developed by Spradley. RESULTS: Based on the data acquired from interviews, nurses' cultural domains were classified as ‘extensity of emergency room nurses’, ‘temporality of emergency room nurses’, ‘relationships among emergency room nurses’ and ‘becoming an emergency roomnurses’. CONCLUSION: The daily culture of emergency room nurses could be summarized as ‘busy daily life amidst confusion’. However, many nurses boosted their self-esteem by taking care of patients' collaboration with fellow nurses. In other words, nurses in emergency room forms a dynamic culture and pursue professionalism, rather than a simple chaotic daily life culture.

Adaptation Experience of Sleep in New Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study is a qualitative research to identify new nurses' adaptation experience to sleep changes. METHODS: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Participants were 10 new nurses from one university hospital. The information was collected and analyzed using the grounded theory of Corbin and Strauss'(2008). RESULTS: Through constant comparative analysis, central phenomenon was identified as 'Shaky daily life due to the sleep change'. A core category emerged as 'In the shaky daily life, go grab my position', Causal conditions were 'Heaviness in shift work', 'Not released after getting off work', and 'Body and mind are exhausted'. Context were 'An environment that does not tolerate mistakes' and 'Clogged breathing due to worries'. Intervening factors were 'Support of colleagues', 'Recovery volition in restoration of altered relationships due to sleep'. Action/Interaction Strategies were 'To strive for a good sleep', 'Require a reasonable duty schedule' and 'Find a breakthrough'. Consequences were 'Become the master of shaky daily life' and 'Accepting the life of a nurse'. CONCLUSION: New nurses experience sleep patterns changes from the hospital shift system. but throughout the process of adaptation, came to accept sleep disorder as part of the life of a nurse.

Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among family support, self-care and quality of life(QOL) in Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving transarterial chemoembolization, including the effects of these variables on QOL. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive design. Participants were 103 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were receiving transarterial chemoembolization. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, and hierachial multiple regression analysis with SPSS 18.0 program. RESULTS: QOL had a significant correlation with family support(r=.60, p<.001) and self-care(r=.38, p<.001). Family support had a significant correlation with self-care(r=.41, p<.001). Hierarchial multiple regression analysis for QOL revealed that the most powerful predictor was family support followed by self-care. Family support, self-care, gender, and occupation explained 50% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that various factors are related to the quality of life of these patients. Further, nursing strategies to improve the family support and self-care of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are needed.

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping of Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence and stress coping of nurses in hospitals. METHODS: The study was a descriptive-correlational study with a convenience sample of 298 nurses. Descriptive statistics t-test, Mann-Whitney U, One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows; Emotional intelligence was higher in married nurses than unmarried nurses (t=-2.90, p=.004). Nurses with a clinical career of 4~7 years had better stress coping than nurses with shorter careers (F=5.60, p=.004). Ward nurses better stress coping than nurses in emergency rooms and Intensive care units (F=4.43, p=.013). Fixed shift nurses had better stress coping than nurses on rotation shifts (t=-2.37, p=.019). There was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and stress coping (r=.29, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that stress coping is better in nurses with higher emotional intelligence, 4~7 year clinical experience, working on ward a as well as having a fixed shift. However further development and application of programs which can improve nurses' emotional intelligence are needed.

The Effect of Infant-child CPR Education for Early Childhood Education Students' CPR Knowledge, Attitude and Self-efficacy

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of infant-child CPR education on CPR knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of early childhood education students. METHODS: The subjects were 18 early childhood education students. Infant-child CPR education with theory and practice was composed of a 1:9 instructor-to-student ratio during a period of 3 hours. CPR knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy were measured, along with CPR performance on the effect of education. The data were acquired from October 19 to November 2 in 2013. RESULTS: Significant improvement was observed for CPR knowledge (z=-3.63, p<.001), attitude (z=-3.42, p=.001), and self-efficacy (z=-3.25, p=.001). All of the subjects passed the performance test for infant-child CPR. CONCLUSION: Implemented infant-child CPR education is helpful in improving CPR knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy.

The Effects of Individualized Education on Stroke Patients' Post-discharge Anxiety and Self-care Compliance / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effect of individualized education on stroke patients' post-discharge anxiety and self-care compliance. METHODS: It was a pretest-posttest design with non-equivalent groups. A total of 32 hospitalized stroke patients in experimental group were given individualized education three times at one day before, the day of and one week after discharge. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi2-test. RESULTS: The scores of anxiety at posttest were 45.66+/-9.58 in control group and 35.44+/-8.21 in the experimental group. Self-compliance scores were 44.00+/-7.99 in control and 61.06+/-7.69 in the experimental group. These indicate that anxiety score is significantly lower (t=-4.58, p<.001), and self-compliance score is significantly higher (t=8.70, p<.001) in experimental group. CONCLUSION: If stroke patients receive a relevant individualized education, it could help reduce their anxiety. Also it would be useful to maintain and improve their self-care compliance after discharge.

Rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement: influence of ketorolac or a combination of lidocaine and ketorolac pretreatment / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Pain on injection of rocuronium is a common clinical problem. We compared the efficacy of lidocaine, ketorolac, and the 2 in combination as pretreatment for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement. METHODS: For this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study a total of 140 patients were randomly allocated to one of 4 treatment groups to receive intravenously placebo (saline), lidocaine (20 mg), ketorolac (10 mg), or both (n = 35 for each group), with venous occlusion. The tourniquet was released after 2 min and anesthesia was performed using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium followed by 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium. The withdrawal response was graded on a 4-point scale in a double-blind manner. RESULTS: The overall incidence of withdrawal movements after rocuronium was 34.3% with lidocaine (P = 0.001), 40% with ketorolac (P = 0.004), and 8.6% with both (P < 0.001), compared with 74.3% with placebo. There was a significantly lower incidence of withdrawal movements in patients receiving the lidocaine/ketorolac combination than in those receiving lidocaine or ketorolac alone (P = 0.009 and 0.002, respectively). The incidence of moderate to severe withdrawal movements was 14.3% with lidocaine, 17.2% with ketorolac, and 2.9% with lidocaine/ketorolac combination, as compared to 45.7% with the placebo. There was no significant difference in withdrawal movement between the lidocaine group and the ketorolac group. CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac pretreatment had an effect comparable to that of lidocaine in attenuating rocuronium-induced withdrawal movements and the lidocaine/ketorolac combination pretreatment, compared with lidocaine or ketorolac alone, effectively reduced withdrawal movements during rocuronium injection.

Effectiveness of Ondansetron and Midazolam in the Prevention of PONV after Thyroidectomy / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ondansetron and midazolam in the prevention of PONV after thyroidectomy. METHODS: One hundred nineteen women undergoing thyroidectomy under general anesthesia were randomized to receive midazolam 0.075 mg/kg (Group M, n = 41), ondansetron 4 mg (Group O, n = 39), or normal saline 10 ml (Group C, n = 39) intravenously. The incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting, and pain were assessed as 6 and 24 h after the end of surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV was 34% in Group M, 46% in Group O, and 64% in Group C, which showed a significant difference between Group C and Group M, but not Group O. However, there were no significant differences between groups in pain scores and the incidence of sedation. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of midazolam as an effective antiemetic after thyroidectomy.

Tracheal Rupture after the Use of Reused High Volume-low Pressure Endotracheal Tube : A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Tracheal rupture is a rare complication of tracheal intubation, but may result in pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, subcutaneous emphysema and other serious outcomes. Risk factors associated with tracheobronchial rupture include multiple vigorous attempts at intubation, inexperienced operator, intubating stylets, tracheal abnormalities, overdistension of tracheal or bronchial cuff, repositioning of tube without deflating the cuff, chronic obstructive airway disease and vigorous coughing while being intubated. We report a case of tracheal rupture after using single lumen endotracheal tube. A 41-year-old, 53 kg, female was operated for a repair of anterior cruciate ligament under general anesthesia in other hospital. Two hours later after the end of operation, facial swelling, dyspnea and chest pain developed. Chest computed tomography showed mediastinal emphysema. She was transferred to our hospital and bronchoscopy showed a rupture at posterior part of membranous portion 2 cm proximal to carina. Trachea was repaired and she was discharged from the hospital without complication.