Clinical features of allergic rhinitis in Korean children

PURPOSE: The characteristics of allergic rhinitis can be different among countries and areas because causative allergens and aggravating factors depend on the living environment. However, there have been few studies on the clinical feature of Korean children with allergic rhinitis, as well as on clinical characteristics in different age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Korean children with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: The medical records of children under 12 years of age who had rhinitis symptoms were analyzed in terms of clinical symptoms and positive allergens. Subjects were classified into 2 groups: those with allergic rhinitis (AR group) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR group). Both groups were subdivided into 3 categories: the 1-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-12 age groups. RESULTS: Among 516 children, 397 (76.94%) belonged to the AR group and 119 (23.06%) belonged to the NAR group. The male to female ratios were 2:1 in both groups. There were significant differences in sneezing and itching between the AR and NAR groups across different age subgroups. There were significant differences in nasal obstruction between the AR and NAR groups in the 9-12 age group. The incidence of AR was 77.8 % in chronic sinusitis patients. Sensitized allergens were house dust mites, animal hair, pollen, and mold in decreasing order in the AR group. Children who were sensitized to animal hair more frequently had sneezing than those who were not. CONCLUSION: Sneezing and itching strongly suggest allergic rhinitis in Korean children. Clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis in Korean children would helpful in early diagnosis and adequate treatment of disease.

Weaning Food Practice in Low Birth Weight Infants with Iron Deficiency Anemia / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: As improving of the techniques and equipments of NICU, the survival rate of low birth weight (LBW) infants has been increased. LBW babies have the risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to their rapid growth after birth and the low endowment of iron. We investigated weaning practices in LBW infants and their mother's knowledge about weaning with respect to iron nutrition.METHODS: The 112 infants born lower than 2,500 g brought to Inha University hospital from March 2000 to July 2012 were assigned to this study. The range of the age of the infants is from 5 to 24 months. We classified the infants to 2 groups, that is, IDA group (n=41) and non-IDA group (n=71). We compared the hematologic value-hemoglobin <11 g/dL and serum ferritin <10 ng/mL or transferring saturation <15%-of the 2 groups, and the questionnaire about feeding pattern, weaning practice and mother's nutritional knowledge about weaning.RESULTS: The IDA group showed significant lower level of hematological parameters than non-IDA group (P<0.05). The group diagnosed IDA before the first 6 months of life was tendency to breastfeed without iron-fortification (P<0.01). The starting time for weaning showed no significant difference in 2 groups. The groups started weaning at 6-6.6 months after the birth (P=0.66). Both Education level of mother and gestational age have no effect on the time of beginning weaning. The food with weaning start is mainly home-made rice soup (over 80%) on both group (P=0.55). Over 20% of the IDA group tended to be delayed in weaning course (over 4 month), compared to the non-IDA group. Only 17% of IDA infants took iron, whereas 88% of non-IDA infants did. There were no significant differences in knowledge about weaning.CONCLUSION: Most of the IDA infants did feeding just by maternal milk until 6 months without iron fortification. LBW infants revealed lower hematologic values about IDA, and IDA group had a higher tendency to be delayed over 4 months in completing weaning course. Therefore, we recommend that the LBW infants with maternal feeding should take iron supplements or high-iron containing foods earlier.

Weaning Food Practice in Low Birth Weight Infants with Iron Deficiency Anemia / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: As improving of the techniques and equipments of NICU, the survival rate of low birth weight (LBW) infants has been increased. LBW babies have the risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to their rapid growth after birth and the low endowment of iron. We investigated weaning practices in LBW infants and their mother's knowledge about weaning with respect to iron nutrition. METHODS: The 112 infants born lower than 2,500 g brought to Inha University hospital from March 2000 to July 2012 were assigned to this study. The range of the age of the infants is from 5 to 24 months. We classified the infants to 2 groups, that is, IDA group (n=41) and non-IDA group (n=71). We compared the hematologic value-hemoglobin <11 g/dL and serum ferritin <10 ng/mL or transferring saturation <15%-of the 2 groups, and the questionnaire about feeding pattern, weaning practice and mother's nutritional knowledge about weaning. RESULTS: The IDA group showed significant lower level of hematological parameters than non-IDA group (P<0.05). The group diagnosed IDA before the first 6 months of life was tendency to breastfeed without iron-fortification (P<0.01). The starting time for weaning showed no significant difference in 2 groups. The groups started weaning at 6-6.6 months after the birth (P=0.66). Both Education level of mother and gestational age have no effect on the time of beginning weaning. The food with weaning start is mainly home-made rice soup (over 80%) on both group (P=0.55). Over 20% of the IDA group tended to be delayed in weaning course (over 4 month), compared to the non-IDA group. Only 17% of IDA infants took iron, whereas 88% of non-IDA infants did. There were no significant differences in knowledge about weaning. CONCLUSION: Most of the IDA infants did feeding just by maternal milk until 6 months without iron fortification. LBW infants revealed lower hematologic values about IDA, and IDA group had a higher tendency to be delayed over 4 months in completing weaning course. Therefore, we recommend that the LBW infants with maternal feeding should take iron supplements or high-iron containing foods earlier.

Correction: Clinical Features of Symptomatic Meckel's Diverticulum in Children: Comparison of Scintigraphic and Non-scintigraphic Diagnosis / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

The name "Sung Min Kim" should be "Seong Min Kim" and "Yoon Mi Kim" should be "Yun Mi Kim".

Clinical Features of Symptomatic Meckel's Diverticulum in Children: Comparison of Scintigraphic and Non-scintigraphic Diagnosis / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) has various clinical manifestations, and diagnosis or selectection of proper diagnostic tools is not easy. This study was conducted in order to assess the clinical differences of MD diagnosed by scintigraphic and non-scintigraphic methods and to find the proper diagnostic tools. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review ofthe clinical, surgical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of 34 children with symptomatic MD, who were admitted to Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Inha University Hospital, and The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2000 and December 2012. The patients were evaluated according to scintigraphic (12 cases; group 1) and non-scintigraphic (22 cases; group 2) diagnosis. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 7.5 : 1. The most frequent chief complaint was lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in group 1 and nonspecific abdominal pain in group 2, respectively. The most frequent pre-operative diagnosis was MD in both groups. Red blood cell (RBC) index was significantly lower in group 1. MD was located at 7 cm to 85 cm from the ileocecal valve. Four patients in group 1 had ectopic gastric tissues causing lower GI bleeding. The most frequent treatment modality was diverticulectomy in group 1 and ileal resection in group 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: To diagnose MD might be delayed unless proper diagnostic tools are considered. It is important to understand indications of scintigraphic and non-scintigraphic methods according to clinical and hematologic features of MD. Scintigraphy would be weighed in patients with anemia as well as GI symptoms.

Effects of Added Epinephrine on Plasma Concentration of Lidocaine Following Epidural Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

Sixteen healthy adult female patients scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy were divided into two groups, and the venous plasma concenrations of lidocaine for both groups were measured at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after an epidural injection of 2% lidocaine 500 mg. Group 1 received plain lidocaine, and group 2 received lidocaine with 5 ug/ml epinephrine. We observed that the mean measured plasma concentration of lidocaine in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 1 over the entire studied time course(P<0.05). The addition of epinephrine to the lidocaine solution reduced the peak plasma concentrations by 49% (from 7.76 to 3.97); however, this did not prolong the times at which the peak concentrations were reached. We hypothesized that these results may have been caused by some reduced epidural blood flow which have decreased the amount of lidocaine absorption.

Clinical Statistics of Apgar Scoring System of Newborn

No abstract available.

A Case of Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

No abstract available.

A Clinical Study on Acute Appendicitis in Children

A Clinic study was made on 140 cases of acute appendicitis in children under the age of 15 which were treated at National Seoul Hospital during the past 10 years from Jan. 1971 to dec. 1980. The following results were obtained. 1) The disease is relatively uncommon under the age of 6, and showed a progressive increase from 6 to 15 years old. The ratio between male and female was within 1.5:1 and there was no significant difference in the seasonal distribution. 2) The duration from onset to admission was within 24 hours in imperforated group and within 48 hours in a perforated one. 3) The over-all perforation rate was 13.6%. 4) The average leukocyte count was 10,000~15,000/mm and leukocytosis was noted in 70.7%. In 56.7% of cases neutrophil count was above 75%. 5) The complications occurred mainly in a perforated group and they were wound infection. 6) The average hospital days were 5.3days in an imperforated group and 10.2 days in a perforated one. 7) There was no mortality.