Applicability of the 48/6 Model of Care as a Health Screening Tool, and its Association with Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND@#The 48/6 Model of Care is an integrative care initiative for improving the health outcomes of hospitalized older patients; however, its applicability in community-dwelling older adults as a health screening tool has not been investigated. The present study aimed to examine the applicability of this model, prevalence of dysfunction in 6 care areas, and its relationship with self-reported mobility in community-dwelling older adults.@*METHODS@#This was a cross-sectional survey study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older. Participants were screened for problems using 9 items corresponding to the 6 care areas of the 48/6 Model of Care (cognitive functioning, functional mobility, pain management, nutrition and hydration, bladder and bowel management, and medication management). Mobility was assessed via the Life-Space Assessment (LSA). We examined the correlation between each screening item and the LSA.@*RESULTS@#A total of 444 older adults (260 women, 58.6%) participated. The mean number of health problems was 2.3 ± 2.1, with the most common being pain, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. These problems and LSA scores were significantly different by age groups. A multiple regression analysis showed that polypharmacy (β = −10.567, P < 0.001), dysphagia (β = −9.610, P = 0.021), and pain (β = −7.369, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with life-space mobility after controlling for age.@*CONCLUSION@#The 48/6 Model of Care is applicable to community-dwelling older adults, who show high prevalence of dysfunction in the 6 care areas. This study supports the role of the model in screening for the health status of older adults living in the community, and in estimating mobility.

The Experience of Providing Older Adult Patients with Transitional Care from an Acute Care Hospital to Home in Cooperation with a Public Health Center

Background@#This study aimed to describe the experience of providing older adult patients with transitional care from an acute care hospital to home in cooperation with a public health center, in order to present the barriers to that care and suggest better organizational methods. @*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional study to show the results of the Geriatric Screening for Care-10 (GSC-10) and outcomes of transitional care. Among 659 hospitalized patients aged 65 years or above who lived in an administrative district, forty-five subjects were enrolled between June 24, 2019 and January 23, 2020. Within 48 hours of admission, using the 10 areas of GSC-10, they were assessed for cognitive impairment, depression, polypharmacy (5 or more medications), functional mobility, dysphagia, malnutrition, pain, and incontinence, and were reassessed before discharge. The transitional care plan (containing the treatment summary, the results of the GSC-10 assessment, and the post-discharge plan) was forwarded to a representative of the public health center, who provided continued disease management and various health care services, such as chronic disease and frailty care, and physical rehabilitation. @*Results@#Of all the participants, 64.4% had more than 1 GSC-10 concern. The most prevalent concerns were functional immobility (35.6%) and polypharmacy (22.2%). About 15.6% of the participants were readmitted to a nursing home or hospital. A total of 38 participants received the transitional care intervention. They received an average of 2.7 administered interventions. However, the rate of rejection was high (30.1%) and patients were visited an average of 16.5 days after discharge. @*Conclusion@#Through our experience of providing transitional care from an acute care hospital to home in cooperation with a public health center, we expect that the transitional care suitable for the Korean medical situation could be established and successful.

Applicability of the 48/6 Model of Care as a Health Screening Tool, and its Association with Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND: The 48/6 Model of Care is an integrative care initiative for improving the health outcomes of hospitalized older patients; however, its applicability in community-dwelling older adults as a health screening tool has not been investigated. The present study aimed to examine the applicability of this model, prevalence of dysfunction in 6 care areas, and its relationship with self-reported mobility in community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older. Participants were screened for problems using 9 items corresponding to the 6 care areas of the 48/6 Model of Care (cognitive functioning, functional mobility, pain management, nutrition and hydration, bladder and bowel management, and medication management). Mobility was assessed via the Life-Space Assessment (LSA). We examined the correlation between each screening item and the LSA.RESULTS: A total of 444 older adults (260 women, 58.6%) participated. The mean number of health problems was 2.3 ± 2.1, with the most common being pain, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. These problems and LSA scores were significantly different by age groups. A multiple regression analysis showed that polypharmacy (β = −10.567, P < 0.001), dysphagia (β = −9.610, P = 0.021), and pain (β = −7.369, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with life-space mobility after controlling for age.CONCLUSION: The 48/6 Model of Care is applicable to community-dwelling older adults, who show high prevalence of dysfunction in the 6 care areas. This study supports the role of the model in screening for the health status of older adults living in the community, and in estimating mobility.

Applicability of the 48/6 Model of Care as a Health Screening Tool, and its Association with Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

BACKGROUND@#The 48/6 Model of Care is an integrative care initiative for improving the health outcomes of hospitalized older patients; however, its applicability in community-dwelling older adults as a health screening tool has not been investigated. The present study aimed to examine the applicability of this model, prevalence of dysfunction in 6 care areas, and its relationship with self-reported mobility in community-dwelling older adults.@*METHODS@#This was a cross-sectional survey study of community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older. Participants were screened for problems using 9 items corresponding to the 6 care areas of the 48/6 Model of Care (cognitive functioning, functional mobility, pain management, nutrition and hydration, bladder and bowel management, and medication management). Mobility was assessed via the Life-Space Assessment (LSA). We examined the correlation between each screening item and the LSA.@*RESULTS@#A total of 444 older adults (260 women, 58.6%) participated. The mean number of health problems was 2.3 ± 2.1, with the most common being pain, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. These problems and LSA scores were significantly different by age groups. A multiple regression analysis showed that polypharmacy (β = −10.567, P < 0.001), dysphagia (β = −9.610, P = 0.021), and pain (β = −7.369, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with life-space mobility after controlling for age.@*CONCLUSION@#The 48/6 Model of Care is applicable to community-dwelling older adults, who show high prevalence of dysfunction in the 6 care areas. This study supports the role of the model in screening for the health status of older adults living in the community, and in estimating mobility.

Association of Geriatric Syndromes with Urinary Incontinence according to Sex and Urinary-Incontinence-Related Quality of Life in Older Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study of an Acute Care Hospital / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Geriatric syndromes are associated with morbidity and poor quality of life (QOL). Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most prevalent geriatric syndromes. However, there is little research on the association of UI and UI-related QOL with other geriatric syndromes. We investigated the relationship between geriatric syndromes and UI according to gender and UI-related QOL among older inpatients. METHODS: This study was conducted among 444 older inpatients (aged 65 years and older) between October 2016 and July 2017. We examined geriatric syndromes and related factors involving cognitive impairment, delirium, depression, mobility decline, polypharmacy, undernutrition, pain, and fecal incontinence. UI-related QOL was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate these associations. RESULTS: Geriatric syndromes and related factors were associated with UI. Mobility decline (odds ratio [OR], 4.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29–7.56), polypharmacy (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.89–5.92), and pain (OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 3.53–13.09) were related to UI in both genders. Especially, delirium (OR, 7.55; 95% CI, 1.61–35.44) and fecal incontinence (OR, 10.15; 95% CI, 2.50–41.17) were associated with UI in men, while cognitive impairment (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.14–15.44) was significantly associated with UI in women. Patients with depression were more likely to have poor UI-related QOL (OR, 8.54; 95% CI, 1.43–51.15). CONCLUSION: UI was associated with different geriatric syndromes and related factors according to gender. Care for patients with depression, related to poor UI-related QOL, should be considered in primary care to improve the UIrelated QOL of these individuals.

Potentially Inappropriate Medications by Beers Criteria in Older Outpatients: Prevalence and Risk Factors / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Prescription of inappropriate medicine to elderly patients is a major public health care concern. The Beers criteria have been commonly employed as a screening tool to identify the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). The present study investigated the prevalence of PIM use according to the Beers criteria as well as factors related to PIM use. METHODS: Data obtained from a retrospective survey included 25,810 outpatients aged ≥65 years from a university medical center in Seoul, Korea. PIMs were defined using the Beers criteria. Factors associated with PIM use were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Of all participants, 7,132 (27.6%) were prescribed at least one PIM. The most commonly prescribed PIMs were alprazolam (11.2%), clonazepam (10.8%), zolpidem (8.7%), quetiapine (8.4%), and hydroxyzine (5.4%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, having five or more prescription medicines (odds ratio [OR], 11.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.38 to 13.66) and five or more prescribing doctors (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 3.59 to 5.39) were strongly associated with PIM. In a likelihood ratio test for trend, an increasing number of medications and prescribing doctors were both significantly associated with PIM. CONCLUSION: At a university medical center, the number of medications and the number of prescribing doctors was associated with PIM in older outpatients.

Potentially Inappropriate Medications by Beers Criteria in Older Outpatients: Prevalence and Risk Factors / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Prescription of inappropriate medicine to elderly patients is a major public health care concern. The Beers criteria have been commonly employed as a screening tool to identify the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). The present study investigated the prevalence of PIM use according to the Beers criteria as well as factors related to PIM use. METHODS: Data obtained from a retrospective survey included 25,810 outpatients aged ≥65 years from a university medical center in Seoul, Korea. PIMs were defined using the Beers criteria. Factors associated with PIM use were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Of all participants, 7,132 (27.6%) were prescribed at least one PIM. The most commonly prescribed PIMs were alprazolam (11.2%), clonazepam (10.8%), zolpidem (8.7%), quetiapine (8.4%), and hydroxyzine (5.4%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, having five or more prescription medicines (odds ratio [OR], 11.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.38 to 13.66) and five or more prescribing doctors (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 3.59 to 5.39) were strongly associated with PIM. In a likelihood ratio test for trend, an increasing number of medications and prescribing doctors were both significantly associated with PIM. CONCLUSION: At a university medical center, the number of medications and the number of prescribing doctors was associated with PIM in older outpatients.

The Korean guideline for cervical cancer screening

The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Korea is still higher than in other developed countries, notwithstanding the national mass screening program. Furthermore, a new method has been introduced in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, the committee for cervical cancer screening in Korea updated the recommendation statement established in 2002. The new version of the guideline was developed by the committee using evidence-based methods. The committee reviewed the evidence for the benefits and harms of the Papanicolaou test, liquid-based cytology, and human papilloma virus (HPV) testing, and reached conclusions after deliberation. The committee recommends screening for cervical cancer with cytology (papanicolaou test or liquid-based cytology) every three years in women older than 20 years of age (recommendation A). The combination test (cytology with HPV test) is optionally recommended after taking into consideration individual risk or preference (recommendation C). The current evidence for primary HPV screening is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of cervical cancer screening (recommendation I). Cervical cancer screening can be terminated at the age of 74 years if more than three consecutive negative cytology reports have been confirmed within ten years (recommendation D).

The Korean guideline for cervical cancer screening / 부인종양

The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Korea is still higher than in other developed countries, notwithstanding the national mass-screening program. Furthermore, a new method has been introduced in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, the committee for cervical cancer screening in Korea updated the recommendation statement established in 2002. The new version of the guideline was developed by the committee using evidence-based methods. The committee reviewed the evidence for the benefits and harms of the Papanicolaou test, liquid-based cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and reached conclusions after deliberation. The committee recommends screening for cervical cancer with cytology (Papanicolaou test or liquid-based cytology) every three years in women older than 20 years of age (recommendation A). The cervical cytology combined with HPV test is optionally recommended after taking into consideration individual risk or preference (recommendation C). The current evidence for primary HPV screening is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of cervical cancer screening (recommendation I). Cervical cancer screening can be terminated at the age of 74 years if more than three consecutive negative cytology reports have been confirmed within 10 years (recommendation D).

Validation of the Korean version of the thyroid cancer-specific quality of life questionnaire

PURPOSE: The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide has drawn attention to the needs for assessing and managing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of thyroid cancer survivors. We conducted this study to validate the Korean version of the thyroid cancer-specific quality of life (THYCA-QoL) questionnaire. METHODS: Data obtained from 227 thyroid cancer survivors were analyzed using standard validity and reliability analysis techniques. Reliability was assessed by measuring internal consistency via Cronbach alpha coefficient, and validity was assessed by determining the Pearson correlation coefficient between the THYCA-QoL questionnaire and the following relevant assessment tools: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), the Korean version of Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI-K), the Korean version of Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI-K), Goldberg Short Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression, and a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A multitrait scaling analysis was performed to assess each item's convergent and discriminant validity. RESULTS: The reliability of the THYCA-QoL questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach alpha coefficients for multiple-item scales which ranged from 0.54 (sensory) to 0.82 (psychological). Except for a single item (sexual interest), the questionnaire's validity was established by significant correlation observed between scales in the THYCA-QoL questionnaire and scales used in other assessment tools. A multitrait scaling analysis confirmed that all scales met the recommended psychometric standards. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the THYCA-QoL questionnaire is a reliable and valid assessment tool that can be used in combination with the EORTC QLQ-C30 to assess the HRQoL of thyroid cancer survivors in Korea.

Obesity Defined by Body Mass Index and Metabolic Status in the Elderly

BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status in the elderly. METHODS: The correlates of combined BMI (normal weight, or =25.0 kg/m2) and metabolic status (metabolically healthy, 0 or 1 metabolic abnormality; metabolically abnormal, > or =2 metabolic abnormalities) were assessed in a cross sectional sample of 1,043 subjects aged 60 years and older. Metabolic abnormalities included abdominal obesity, elevated levels of triglyceride and fasting glucose, elevated blood pressure, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. RESULTS: Only abdominal obesity was significantly associated with overweight and obese phenotypes among the metabolically healthy and abnorrnal subjects. The correlations of the metabolically healthy and abnormal status with behavioral characteristics among normal-weight and obese subjects were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Of the included metabolic abnormalities, only abdominal obesity was observed to be associated with obesity as defined by the BMI in our elderly subjects. Further studies are needed into the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these different phenotypes and their impact on health in the elderly.