RESUMEN
Background: Exclusive breast feeding is essential for baby's health
Objective: To determine the factors associated with failure of exclusive breast feeding
Methodology: Study design: Cross - sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out in Pediatric department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016. This study was conducted on five hundred women having infants up to 6 month of age and not on exclusive breastfeeding. A questionnaire was designed and data was collected through interviewing infant's mothers about various risk factors including maternal education, socioeconomic status, maternal employment status, family type, maternal separation, social myths, number of children, mode and place of delivery, maternal systemic illness, maternal breast condition, birth spacing, and counseling for breast feeding. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 16
Results: Our study showed that among mothers having lack of exclusive breast feeding practice, following factors were found including lower socioeconomic status in 51.2%, joint family system 75.8%, male sex of infant in 62.8%, use of water up to 4 months is good in 64%, mother thinking that milk is not good in 29.2% and to familiarize baby to top feeding in 78.4%. Study showed that place of delivery was private clinics in 55.4%, caesarean section in 37.6% of and 73.4% of caesarean sections as mode of delivery took place at private clinics. Pathological maternal breast conditions [engorgement, sore or cracked nipples, abscess] were found in 36.6% and maternal systemic illness in 19.2%. It was found that proper counseling of mothers for exclusive breast feeding was done among 20.8%, at antenatal visits and 37.2% after delivery
Conclusion: Our study showed that among mothers not practicing exclusive breast feeding, most of these belonged to lower socioeconomic status, not employed, living in joint family system, and having social myths like use of water up to 4 months and to familiarize baby to bottle feeding. It was also found that pathological maternal breast conditions and lack of counseling, antenatally and postnatally were also important risk factors
RESUMEN
Background: Congenital heart disease [CHD] are one of condition with significant morbidity and mortality among neonates
Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital heart diseases in neonatal nursery of tertiary care hospital, Rahim Yar Khan
Methodology: Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Neonatal unit, department of Paediatrics, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1[st] January 2015 to 31[st] December 2016. In this study all the neonates admitted in neonatal unit and have some suspicion of cardiac defect [cyanosis, murmur etc] were investigated [CXR, ECG, Echocardiography]. The frequency of CHD was measured and presented as percentage
Results: We found that 0.44 % of congenital heart disease including both cyanotic and acyanotic were admitted in neonatal unit
RESUMEN
Background: oral Glucose Tolerance test among children with celiac disease may help in management
Objective: to determine the frequency of impaired Oral Glucose Tolerance test in the children with celiac disease
Methodology: Study design: Cross - Sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatric including Sheikh Zayed Medical College / Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 22[nd] April 2014 to 18[th]June 2015. In this study 77 patients of celiac disease were included. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and noted. The Performa was filled and record was maintained. The data was entered and analyzed for frequency of impaired OGTT by using SPSS version 16
Results: in our study, we found that out of 77 patients of celiac disease, 9 [11.7%] patients were having impaired OGTT
Conclusion: impaired OGTT is frequent in children suffering from celiac disease. It can be used as monitoring tool for glycemic abnormalities in these patients. It will help in earlier detection and initiation of prompt management accordingly
RESUMEN
Background: Childhood tetanus has high mortality and is preventable
Objective: To enlist the risk factors of childhood tetanus among patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Children ward, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1 September 2012 to 28 February 2015. In this study 97 patients were included. Their parents were interviewed according to the given performa. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 19
Results: Out of 97 patients, the fathers of 68[64%] patients and mothers of 84 [86%] patients were either illiterate or primary education only. Most 57 [58%] of the patients belonged to a low socioeconomic family having the monthly income of less than PKR 10,000. The fathers of 37[38%] patients were Sindhi. 57[58.76%] patients were from rural areas. Most 69 [71%] of the affected patients were boys, age range of 5 to 10 years, was found 39 [40%] of patients were boys, age range of 5 to 10 years, was found in 39 [40%] of patients
Conclusion: The various factors which are responsible for the development of childhood tetanus were; poor educational status of the parents, Sindhi, ethnicity, low socioeconomic status and rural area residence
RESUMEN
Background: Respiratory tract infections remain the commonest cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. A sub group of these children has recurrent pneumonia which may be the presentation of an underlying more serious systemic or local pathology
Objective: To determine the frequency of underlying causes of recurrent pneumonia, among pediatric patients
Patients and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Zayed Hospital/ Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, from 1[st] January, 2011 to 31[st] December, 2011. All the patients presented to the department and diagnosed as recurrent pneumonia were included in the study
Results: During the study period of one year, recurrent pneumonia was diagnosed in 292 patients. An underlying illness could be identified in 282 [97%] while in 10 [3%] cases the underlying cause could not be diagnosed. Underlying illnesses included neurodevelopmental disability in 183 [63%] cases, recurrent bronchiolitis with aspiration pneumonia 30 [10%], congenital heart disease 23 [8%], bronchiectasis 07 [2.3%], bronchial asthma 07 [2.3%], anomalies of the respiratory system 05 [1.7%], cleft palate 05 [1.7%], gastroesophageal reflux disease 04 [1.3%], down syndrome without CHD 04 [1.3%], severe malnutrition 03[1%], ciliary dyskinesia 03[1%], foreign body 02 [0.6%], thalassemia 02 [0.6%] and nutritional rickets 02 [0.6%]
Conclusion: Recurrent pneumonia is relatively common in our country as are recurrent respiratory tract infections. Common underlying illnesses included neurodevelopmental disability, recurrent bronchiolitis with aspiration pneumonia, congenital heart disease, down syndrome, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, anomalies of the respiratory system and cleft palate
RESUMEN
To determine the EPI status in children <1 year of age and the status of Tetanus immunization in their mothers attending paediatric department. This will help us to determine the facts and figures in our population and to construct a plan to improve the vaccination status. Cross-sectional analytical study This study was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics, Sheikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital, Rahim Yar khan from April 2011 to July 2011. In the study 492 consecutive children whether admitted in the ward or visited in Paediatric OPD and their mothers were inquired about EPI status in ttie child and the status of Tetanus immunization in their mothers, strictly following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 492 patients, we have found three groups. Group 1 includes those children who were unvaccinated. Group 2 includes those children who were incompletely vaccinated. Group 3 include those who were completely vaccinated according to EPI schedule. Similarly three groups were found in mothers. Group 1 includes those who were unvaccinated. Group 2 includes incompletely vaccinated ladies. Group 3 include those who were completely vaccinated according to EPI schedule. In our study, we found that EPI status is very poor in our low socioeconomic and illiterate population. Those people living in peripheries and remote areas are particularly not properly following the EPI programme
RESUMEN
Background: Tuberculosis is a lethal communicable disease, and at times its diagnosis is difficult to establish
Objective: To compare the results of Gene Expert to that of tuberculin test for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis
Patients and Methods: Study design: Cross-Sectional Analytical study. Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1[st] November, 2012 to 31[st] July, 2013. 92 patients of tuberculosis were included strictly, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was on the basis of Kenneth Jones criteria. Beside other investigations Gene Expert and Tuberculin test were done and their results were compared. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 15
Results: Out of 92 patients, 80 [86.9%] were reported positive by Gene Expert whereas 56 [60.8%] were reported positive by Tuberculin test. Overall 52 [56.5%] were found positive by both Gene Expert and Tuberculin test, whereas 8 [8.6%] were found negative by both Gene Expert and Tuberculin test. Out of 80 who were found positive by Gene Expert, 28[35%] were reported negative by Tuberculin test while out of 12 who were reported negative by Gene Expert, 4 [33.3%] were positive by Tuberculin test
Conclusion: In our study, we found that both Gene Expert and Tuberculin test are effective diagnostic tools for tuberculosis. However, in several cases Gene Expert is more effective than Tuberculin test
RESUMEN
Background: Tuberculosis is a lethal communicable disease, and at times its diagnosis is difficult to establish
Objective: To compare the results of Gene Expert to that of tuberculin test for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis
Patients and Methods: Study design: Cross-Sectional Analytical study. Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1[st] November, 2012 to 31[st] July, 2013.92 patients of tuberculosis were included strictly, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was on the basis of Kenneth Jones criteria. Beside other investigations Gene Expert® and Tuberculin test were done and their results were compared. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 15
Results: Out of 92 patients, 80 [86.9%] were reported positive by Gene Expert whereas 56 [60.8%] were reported positive by Tuberculin test. Overall 52 [56.5%] were found positive by both Gene Expert and Tuberculin test, whereas 8 [8.6%] were found negative by both Gene Expert and Tuberculin test. Out of 80 who were found positive by Gene Expert, 28 [35%] were reported negative by Tuberculin test while out of 12 who were reported negative by Gene Expert, 4 [33.3%] were positive by Tuberculin test
Conclusion: In our study, we found that both Gene Expert and Tuberculin test are effective diagnostic tools for tuberculosis. However, in several cases Gene Expert is more effective than Tuberculin test
RESUMEN
Background: Neonatal mortality and morbidity is always a great concern for clinicians and public health experts. Objectives: To determine the disease pattern and outcome in neonatal unit of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College /Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1[st] January to 31[st] December 2010. The data of all the neonates admitted during the study period was analyzed regarding diagnosis, outcome [discharge, discharge on request, left against medical advice, death] and death cases were evaluated in detail regarding sex of patient, place of delivery and mode of delivery
Results: A total of 17150 patients were admitted in pediatric unit of which 4214 [24.6%] were neonates. Birth asphyxia was the commonest cause of admission in 1610 [38.2%] patients, followed by prematurity and low birth weight 1052 [24.9%], sepsis 631 [14.9%], congenital malformations 435 [10.3%], neonatal jaundice 225 [5.3%], meconium aspiration syndrome 181 [4.3%] and miscellaneous 80 [1.91%]. Total Paediatric deaths were 1651 with neonatal deaths 1030 [24.4%] while post-neonatal deaths were 621 [4.8%]. Main bulk of mortality was observed in first 7 days of life in 794 [77%]. The commonest cause of mortality was prematurity with its complications in 470 [45.6%] deaths, followed by birth asphyxia 302 [29.3%] and sepsis 191 [18.5%]. Of the total expired patients 405 [39.3%] were delivered in Sheikh Zayed Hospital, 385 [37.4%] at home, while 240 [23.3%] in private clinics and hospitals
Conclusion: Birth asphyxia, prematurity, low birth weight, sepsis, and congenital malformation are the main causes of neonatal admissions, while common causes of mortality are prematurity followed by birth asphyxia and sepsis. Solid and sustainable policies need to formulated and implemented to avoid the various preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality