[Epidemiology of prostate cancer in Markazi province in 2005-2010]

Background and Aims: prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, that is increasing in incidence and mortality. Considering the epidemiologic trend of prostate cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of prostate cancer in the years 2005-2010 in Markazi Province

Methods: in this analytical study, which data was derived from the Cancer Registry of Markazi Province, crude incidence per 100 thousand persons and age-standardized incidence in the method of direct standardization using the world standard population were calculated. Data Analysis was conducted using the Cochran-Armitage and winpepi software version 2.1

Results: in this study among 182 patients with prostate cancer in 2005-2010, 144 patients [%79] inhabited in city and others in rural. Regarding age, 16 persons [%8.8] were between 50-60 and majority 84[%46] were 70-80 years old. In the 6- year study, 182 cases of prostate cancer were recorded. Age-standardized incidence rate during the years 2005 to 2010 was respectively: 3.24, 3, 3.44, 5.05, 5.75, and 5.61 cases per hundred thousand people which show an increase in the disease. The highest observed incidence in the age group was above 70

Conclusion: the standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer in Markazi province in comparison with the world, particularly developed countries, is much less that can be due to lack of screening programs or the incomplete records

Group education and nurse-telephone follow-up effects on blood glucose control and adherence to treatment in type 2 diabetes patients

Training and continuous dynamic communication between patients and health professionals in chronic diseases like diabetes, is important. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diabetes self-care group education and nurse- telephone follow-up on glycemic control and compliance with treatment orders in patients with type 2 diabetes attending to diabetes clinic in Khomein. In this clinical trial, 62 patients with type 2 diabetes who attending to the diabetes clinic selected and were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups. Self-care group education was applied for case group [n = 31] and they were followed up using telephone calls for 12 weeks by a nurse. The control group [n = 31] received the conventional management. Demographic characteristics, compliance with treatment recommendations [diet, drug use, exercise] and blood glucose control indices were recorded before and after interventions. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square test, non-parametric tests, mixed model [ANOVA + repeated measure] and ANCOVA. The mean age of intervention and control groups was 50.9 +/- 7.3 and 55.1 +/- 10.1 years, respectively. Blood glucose indices [FBS, 2 hpp BS, Hb A1C] were improved in both case and control group after intervention but it was only statistically significant in case group [P > 0.0001]. During study, percentage of patients with very good compliance in control group decrease from 12.5% to zero [0%], whereas in experiment group these amounts increase from 6.5% to 90.3% [P > 0.0001]. According to the results of the current study self-care group education and 12 weeks follow-up by a nurse using telephone causes significant improvement in metabolic parameters and adherence to treatment recommendations in diabetic patients

[Evaluating healthy life style education to adolescents by means of direct method, parents, and teachers using CIPP evaluation model]

Introduction: Detrimental nutritional habits along with inactive life style in children and adolescents are severe threats to the health of this age group at present and future which predispose the society to chronic diseases for the next two decades. The aim of this study was to assess different methods of healthy life style education to adolescents considering the feasibility and applicability in school environment from the viewpoints of stakeholders and program administrators using CIPP [Context, Input, Process, Product] model

Methods: This field evaluation study was performed using CIPP model. 600 male and female students of intermediate schools in Khomeinishahr were selected and randomly assigned into 4 intervention groups including direct education to students [Group A], education by parents [Group B], education by teachers [Group C], and control group [Group D]. Education about healthy nutrition and appropriate physical activity was presented for a month using 3 different methods. The effectiveness of education was evaluated by interview with stakeholders and using questionnaire. Data related to evaluation of interventional program was gathered by a researcher made checklists adapted from CIPP checklist [Version 2007]

Results: The highest scores in the stages of "contractual agreements" and "program effectiveness" of CIPP checklist belonged to parents group [B] and direct education group [A], respectively. The results of stake holders' viewpoints [students, parents, and teachers] about the program showed that the highest score belonged to group A

Conclusion: This study recognized "direct education to students " as the most effective and practical method for healthy life style education to adolescents