Effects of Kamdhenu ark and active immunization by gonadotropin releasing hormone conjugate [GnRH-BSA] on gonadosomatic indices [GSI] and sperm parameters in male mus musculus

Active immunization against GnRH decreases the secretion of gonadotropins and causes cessation of gonadal function, thereby, inducing infertility. Based on the immunoenhancing activity of Kamdhenu ark [distilled cow urine], this study was performed to evaluate its effects on the gonadosomatic indices [GSI] and sperm parameters in male mice receiving a GnRH contraceptive vaccine. Sixty adult male mice of Parke's strain were divided into three groups of twenty. Group I served as the controls, while group II was immunized by GnRH-BSA conjugate [50/0.2/35 micro g/ml/g BW] by four intraperitoneal injections at different intervals on days 1, 30, 60 and 90. however, group III was supplemented daily by oral Kamdhenu ark [100 ppm] along with GnRH-BSA immunizations. The animals were sacrificed after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and their testis and epididymis were dissected out weighed and semen analysis was performed. GSI values, sperm motility, sperm count and sperm morphology in male Mus musculus were decreased significantly in all the experimental groups as compared to the control group [p< 0.01]. Kamdhenu ark significantly enhanced the effect of GnRH vaccine on the aforesaid parameters especially in 90 and 120 days treated groups [p<0.05]. The changes witnessed in sperm parameters suggested that the GnRH-BSA immunization suppressed the activities of gonadotropins and testosterone directly through hypthalamo- hypophysial-gonadal axis and indirectly by acting on the testes which may modulate the sperm morphology, sperm count and motility. However, Kamdhenu ark seems to have enhanced these effects because of its immune-modulatory properties too

Effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone conjugate immunization and bioenhancing role of Kamdhenu ark on estrous cycle, serum estradiol and progesterone levels in female Mus musculus

Active immunization with gonadotropin releasing hormone conjugate [GnRH-BSA] manipulates the fertility axis and thus alters the reproductive cyclicity, serum estradiol and progesterone levels. While the application of Kamdhenu ark increases the efficacy of GnRH-BSA. This experimental investigation is aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects on estrous cycle, serum estradiol and progesterone levels in female mice after Kamdhenu ark and GnRH-BSA immunization. Sixty sexually mature female mice were divided into three groups of twenty each. Group I served as control, while group II was immunized with GnRH-BSA conjugate [50 micro g/animal] for 120 days. However, group III was supplemented with Kamdhenu ark [100 ppm] orally along with GnRH-BSA conjugate immunizations and their vaginal estrous cyclicity, serum estradiol and progesterone levels were estimated after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of intervals. GnRH-BSA immunized females showed regular estrous cycle initially but after 13[th] day animals started showing irregular and prolonged estrous cycle with a complete diestrus stage after 65[th] day onwards. In connection of this, GnRH-BSA + Kamdhenu ark supplemented animals also showed regular cyclicity initially but later they showed more interrupted cycle with complete diestrus stage after 55[th] day. Besides this, the serum estradiol and progesterone levels lowered significantly in all the experimental groups as compared to control animals. The more severe decrease in hormonal levels was noticed in later part of the experiment especially in the group supplemented with Kamdhenu ark along with GnRH-BSA immunizations. All these observations suggest that the GnRH-BSA conjugate has a deleterious effect on the reproductive hormones and estrous cycle of female mice; and Kamdhenu ark acts as a bioenhancer in immunization efficacy to modulate these effects