Three-dimensional microstructures of the intracortical canals in the animal model of osteoporosis / 대한해부학회지

Osteoporosis is a major disease in aged women, increasing the risk for fractures accompanied by changes in the microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) histomorphology of femur diaphysis in the animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The cortical bone of femur diaphysis of the rat was serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 μm and evaluated age-associated changes of the intracortical (osteonal) canal networks three-dimensionally. Cortical microstructures of 10-month old rats were not affected by ovariectomy. Intracortical canal networks were radial toward endosteal aspect and frequently interconnected across the neighboring canals with short arciform and irregular canals reminiscent for resorption spaces in ovarectomized 16-month old rats, contrary to intact canals in 16-month old control rat. Increased proportion of the periosteal circumference lamella and deformed endosteal regions with rare cortical canals hampered reconstructive histomorphology in ovarectomized rats of 26 month age. We have shown that 3D reconstruction of rat femur of the aged model over 16-month old is suitable methods that evaluate and microstructural change of the intracortical canals and cortical bone porosity by estrogen depletion.

Three-dimensional microstructures of the intracortical canals in the animal model of osteoporosis / 대한해부학회지

Osteoporosis is a major disease in aged women, increasing the risk for fractures accompanied by changes in the microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) histomorphology of femur diaphysis in the animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The cortical bone of femur diaphysis of the rat was serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 μm and evaluated age-associated changes of the intracortical (osteonal) canal networks three-dimensionally. Cortical microstructures of 10-month old rats were not affected by ovariectomy. Intracortical canal networks were radial toward endosteal aspect and frequently interconnected across the neighboring canals with short arciform and irregular canals reminiscent for resorption spaces in ovarectomized 16-month old rats, contrary to intact canals in 16-month old control rat. Increased proportion of the periosteal circumference lamella and deformed endosteal regions with rare cortical canals hampered reconstructive histomorphology in ovarectomized rats of 26 month age. We have shown that 3D reconstruction of rat femur of the aged model over 16-month old is suitable methods that evaluate and microstructural change of the intracortical canals and cortical bone porosity by estrogen depletion.

Haversian system of compact bone and comparison between endosteal and periosteal sides using three-dimensional reconstruction in rat / 대한해부학회지

The current model of compact bone is that of a system of Haversian (longitudinal) canals connected by Volkmann's (transverse) canals. Models based on either histology or microcomputed tomography do not accurately represent the morphologic detail and microstructure of this system, especially that of the canal networks and their spatial relationships. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the morphologic pattern and network of the Haversian system and to compare endosteal and periosteal sides in rats using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-10 weeks were used. The femurs were harvested from each rat and fixed, decalcified with 10% EDTA-2Na, serially sectioned at a thickness of 5 microm, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The serial sections were reconstructed three-dimensionally using Reconstruct software. The Haversian canals in the endosteal region were found to be large, highly interconnected, irregular, and close to neighboring canals. In contrast, the canals in the periosteal region were straight and small. This combined application of 3D reconstruction and histology examinations to the Haversian system has confirmed its microstructure, showing a branched network pattern on the endosteal side but not on the periosteal side.

Anatomical study of the nerve regeneration after selective neurectomy in the rabbit: clinical application for esthetic calf reduction / 대한해부학회지

The purposes of this study were therefore to characterize the degeneration and regeneration of nerves to the calf muscles after selective neurectomy, both macroscopically and microscopically, and to determine the incidence of such regeneration in a rabbit model. Seventy four New Zealand white rabbits were used. Selective neurectomy to the triceps surae muscles was performed, and the muscles were subsequently harvested and weighed 1-4 months postneurectomy. The gastrocnemius muscles were stained with Sihler's solution to enable the macroscopic observation of any nerve regeneration that may have occurred subsequent to neurectomy. The change in triceps surae muscle weight was measured along the time course of the experiment. After neurectomy, nerve degeneration was followed by regeneration in all cases. The weight of the triceps surae muscle decreased dramatically between completion of the neurectomy and 1 month postneurectomy, but increased thereafter. The nerve branches were weakly stained with Sihler's solution until 2 months postneurectomy, and then strongly stained after 3 months. The number of myelinated axons was decreased at 2 month after neurectomy compared to nonneurectomized controls, but then gradually increased thereafter. Although there are currently no reports on the incidence of recovery after calf reduction, it may be a very common occurrence in the clinical field based on our findings. The findings of this study provide fundamental anatomical and surgical information to aid planning and practice in calf-reduction surgery.

The Angles of the Mandible in Korean - Three Dimensional Reconstruction Study / 체질인류학회지

The aim of this study was to analyze the difference of the measurements of mandible between young male and female using three dimensional reconstruction images derived from the facial bone CT images. Type classification of mandible was performed based on the angle of base of mandible and the angle of mandibular margin observed from the anterior view and the correlation among the measurement items was analyzed. One hundred-ninety five young adults facial CT were collected from the Konkuk University medical center (98 females, 97 males; mean age 25.9 years, range 18~38 years). Three dimensional images of the face were reconstructed using software from CT images of whole specimens. The angle of the base of the mandible, the angle of the mandibular margin, total length of mandibualr margin, and the height of mandibular symphysis were measured. All measurement items were larger and longer in male than female (P<0.05). Three types were classified according to the mandibular angle. In female, the subjects were evenly distributed among groups, but group I which had large mandibular angle was most common in male. The smaller the height of mandibular symphysis, the larger the angle of base of mandible or the angle of mandibular margin (P<0.05).

Comparison of Curosurf(R) versus Surfacten(R) in the Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the effects of treatment of newborn babies with two different surfactants, Curosurf(R) and Surfacten(R). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records from 2007 to 2009 and divided the patients into two groups: those who received Curosurf(R) (n=20) and those who received Surfacten(R) (n=21). We compared the groups for sex, gestational age (GA), birth weight, type of delivery, apgar score, maternal history, age at treatment, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), administration indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leucomalacia (PVL), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), pulmonary hemorrhage (PH), pneumothorax (PTX), duration of ventilation, need for oxygen, and administration. RESULTS: The demographic and clinical variables were similar in both groups. The gestational age for Curosurf(R) and Surfacten(R) were 32.7+/-3.1 and, 30.5+/-4.3 weeks, respectively (P=0.08). Six newborns in the Curosurf(R) group and 8 in the Surfacten(R) group developed BPD (P=0.59). No significant differences were noted for NEC, IVH, PVL, ROP, PH, PTX between the two groups (IVH, P=0.14; PVL, P=0.94; ROP P=0.94; PTX P=0.34). The mean duration of ventilation was 16.8 days with Curosurf(R) and 23.7 days with Surfacten(R), but these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.43). The differences in duration of need for oxygen and administration were also not statistically significant (P=0.92, 0.91, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study indicated no significant differences between Curosurf(R) and Surfacten(R). However, because of its convenience and the merit of minimal touching of the babies, the use of Curosurf(R) is recommended.

Erratum: Comparison of Curosurf(R) versus Surfacten(R) in the Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome

We have corrected the conclusion in abstract.

A Case of Preterm Newborn with Hydranencephaly, from an Adolescent, Unmarried Woman who had No Antenatal Care / 대한주산의학회잡지

Hydranencephaly is a term used to describe a group of brain malformations in regard to developing any brain remnants. With most of the cerebral cortex absent, the cerebral hemispheres are replaced by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), covered with leptomeninges and dura. Hydranencephaly is a rare isolated abnormality occurring in less than 1 per 10,000 births. With the cutting edged sonography, most of the hydranencephalies are screened in antenatal care. Therefore, it is very rare to observe a living preterm with hydranencephaly. From a history of a young, 19-year-old pregnant woman who did not look for the antenatal care, we found out that it was her first pregnancy, she was unmarried and intermittently had alcohol during the pregnancy. After home delivery, a preterm newborn assumed to be 28 weeks of gestational age was placed under surfactant therapy because of respiratory distress syndrome, and then received a mechanical ventilation. Brain sonography showed that most of the cerebral parenchyma, cortical tissue was absent at the 5th day after the birth. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of brain showed that almost complete absence of cerebrum which was replaced by CSF, hydranencephaly at 81th days from birth. In summary, we report a preterm newborn with hydranencephaly from an adolescent, unmarried woman who had no antenatal care.