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Introduction:Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon tumors comprising <3%–10% of all head‑and‑neck neoplasms. Recent WHO classification of salivary gland tumor added many newer entities; however, no definite risk‑stratification system is specified to predict the likelihood of malignancy for each diagnostic category. The present study is designed to evaluate the salivary gland aspirates using the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology for reporting correlating with histological diagnosis which will lead to determine the malignancy risk for each diagnostic category. Risk of malignancy is calculated by the ratio of cytopathology cases with a malignant histopathology to the total number of cytopathology cases with follow‑up histopathology for that particular category. MaterialsandMethods: The present study was a cross‑sectional study done prospectively over a period of 2 years, and a total of 72 participants were selected. This study characterized the cytological features of spectrum of salivary gland lesions varying from benign to malignant. The lesions were evaluated and classified cytologically according to “the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology” for reporting salivary gland neoplasms. Histopathological correlation was done with cytological diagnosis wherever possible. Results: In our study of 72 patients with salivary gland lesions with the mean age of the patient being 50.6 years and maximum number of lesions involved the parotid gland followed by the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. Majority of the lesions in the present study were nonneoplastic in nature followed by lesions benign in nature. Malignant lesions were least common in occurrence. Among 72 cases, majority of the cases were seen in Milan category II (nonneoplastic) consisting of 34 cases (47.2%), followed by 31 cases (43.1%) in Milan category IV (benign). Final diagnostic categorization of 72 cases of salivary gland lesions was done according to the Milan system and the histopathological correlation was available in 23 of these cases. Out of the 34 cases in Milan system category II (nonneoplastic), histopathological evaluation was done in 2 cases. Both the cases were benign in nature, 31 cases in Milan system category IV (benign) histopathological evaluation was done in 16 cases where 15 cases were benign in nature and 1 lesion was malignant. Four cases were put in category VI of the Milan system, histopathological evaluation was done in all the 4 cases which were all malignant in nature. Conclusion: The current study validates fine‑needle aspiration cytology as a cost‑effective and noninvasive procedure for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions of the salivary gland, information of critical importance when determining the patient’s next course of treatment.
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Background: Oral mucocele are common non neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity that develop either as a result of damage to the duct or obstruction to the duct of minor salivary gland. Histopathologically oral mucoceles are divided into two categories: Extravasation mucoceles often seen in young individuals, the lower lip being the classic location. The second category includes retention mucoceles, which occurs most often in older patients usually located in the floor of the mouth and the inside the cheek. Objectives: This study aims to describe the demographic and histological characteristics of Oral mucocele along with com- parative study between Extravasation mucocele and Retention Mucocele. Method: A total of 32 cases of mucocele diagnosed in the Department of the Pathology, between 2012 and 2019 were re- viewed. The clinical data were recorded and histopathologic diagnosis was made. The study variables included were age, gen- der, type, site, color, etiology, symptoms and dimension of the lesion. Results: A total of 32 cases of oral mucocele cases were studied corresponding to a M:Fratio of 1.13:1. Peak incidence occurred in third decade followed by equally in the first and second decades of life. Extravasation Mucocele was the clinical diagnosis in 59.4% and Retention Mucocele in 40.6%. Most lesions were located in the lower lip (59.3%). Conclusion: This study provides an important insight into demographic and histological profile of oral mucocele lesion. It was concluded that oral mucocele predominantly presented in two histological forms, Extravasation Mucocele which was more common than other lesser common form Retention Mucocele. Although these lesion are easily diagnosed on the basis of clini- cal presentation but sometimes these swelling can mimic other benign mucosal lesion of these region, hence histopathologi- cal examination must be done in order to rule out these lesion and also to note any variation from its normal morphological findings.
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Background: H. pylori infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world which can result in various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from inflammation to even malignancy. Its prevalence is higher in developing countries, especially in lower socioeconomic groups. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of H. pylori infection in symptomatic patients and its relationship with various risk factors specially smoking, alcohol and socioeconomic status. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was done in symptomatic patients undergoing gastroduodenoscopy, to assess the prevalence of H. pylori and its associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital of South Delhi. The gold standard diagnosis of H. pylori infection was histologic presence of the bacteria in the gastric biopsy. The variables analyzed as possible risk factors included demographic and living characteristics, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, and clinical indications of H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 70 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were included in the study. On histopathology, 51were found positive for H. pylori infection with a prevalence of 72.86%. No statistically significant difference was found between the H. pylori infection and socioeconomic status. H. pylori infection was found to be statistically significant for subjects who consumed alcohol (93.3%, p=0.046). They had 6.67 times risk of developing H. pylori infection compared to non-alcoholics. There was no significant association of H. pylori infection among the smokers and the non-smokers. Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between smoking, tobacco consumption, socioeconomic status and H. pylori infection. However, alcohol consumption (93.3%, p=0.046) and non-vegetarian diet (80%, p=0.01236) showed a higher significant association with active infection.
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Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions occurring anywhere in the body, but it is a rare entity over glans penis. Even though a few cases are been reported in adult age group, epidermoid cyst occurring at glans penis in young age is very rare. The etiology in penile area is not specific, but it may represent a monolayer teratoma of germ cell origin or an abnormal embryogenic closure of the median raphe. Being benign its harmless, but secondary infections are common which gives an indication for surgical removal of the cyst. Here, we report a case of epidermoid cyst in a 14-year-old boy who came with painless swelling over the glans penis.
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Rare instances of epidermoid cyst of ovary have been reported in literature with incidence of <1% among all the ovarian tumors. It often mimics mature cystic teratoma of the ovary and needs extensive sampling and careful microscopic examination to rule out the presence of adnexal structures and other tissues. Most of the cases in literature were reported as an incidental finding, but large epidermoid cyst of the ovary is seen as a rare entity. We present one such quizzical case of a large epidermoid cyst of ovary occurring in a 44-year-old female presenting with multiple fibroids of uterus.
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Neurofibromas (NF) are seen either as a solitary lesion or as part of the generalized syndrome of NF (NF-1, also known as Von Recklinghausen disease of the skin). In plexiform neurofibroma (PN), there is proliferation of Schwann cells from the inner aspect of the nerve sheath, thereby resulting in an irregularly thickened, distorted, tortuous structure. Oral involvement by a solitary and peripheral PN in patients with no other signs of NF is rarely seen. It is reported that only 4-7% of patients affected by NF display oral manifestations. A solitary PN in a patient with no other symptoms is a diagnostic challenge, more so when the location of the lesion is one of the rarest sites.