Research progress on the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of trace amine-associated receptor 1 / 生理学报

Trace amines are endogenous molecules distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues that resemble common biogenic amines in terms of subcellular localization, chemical structure, and metabolism. Trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) is a kind of evolutionarily conserved G-protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates, in which TAAR1 is a functional regulator of monoamine transmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. TAAR1 is widely considered as a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction. Moreover, TAAR1 is also expressed in peripheral tissues. The homeostasis imbalance of trace aminergic system can induce over-activation of peripheral immune system and central immune inflammatory response. TAAR1 modulators are becoming potential emerging drugs for the treatment of immune-related illnesses, because they may play a major role in the activation or modulation of immune response.

The Nucleus Accumbens CRH-CRHR1 System Mediates Early-Life Stress-Induced Sleep Disturbance and Dendritic Atrophy in the Adult Mouse / 神经科学通报·英文版

Adverse experiences in early life have long-lasting negative impacts on behavior and the brain in adulthood, one of which is sleep disturbance. As the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) system and nucleus accumbens (NAc) play important roles in both stress responses and sleep-wake regulation, in this study we investigated whether the NAc CRH-CRHR1 system mediates early-life stress-induced abnormalities in sleep-wake behavior in adult mice. Using the limited nesting and bedding material paradigm from postnatal days 2 to 9, we found that early-life stress disrupted sleep-wake behaviors during adulthood, including increased wakefulness and decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time during the dark period and increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time during the light period. The stress-induced sleep disturbances were accompanied by dendritic atrophy in the NAc and both were largely reversed by daily systemic administration of the CRHR1 antagonist antalarmin during stress exposure. Importantly, Crh overexpression in the NAc reproduced the effects of early-life stress on sleep-wake behavior and NAc morphology, whereas NAc Crhr1 knockdown reversed these effects (including increased wakefulness and reduced NREM sleep in the dark period and NAc dendritic atrophy). Together, our findings demonstrate the negative influence of early-life stress on sleep architecture and the structural plasticity of the NAc, and highlight the critical role of the NAc CRH-CRHR1 system in modulating these negative outcomes evoked by early-life stress.

Factors affecting dyslipidemia among residents in Haining City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among residents in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide into the management of dyslipidemia.@*Methods@#Totally 1 953 residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method in 5 townships (streets) of Hainan City. Subjects' demographic features, smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of diseases and development of chronic diseases were collected. The height, body weight, waist circumstance and blood pressure were measured, and the fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid and blood lipid levels were determined. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was analyzed and standardized by the 7th population census data. The factors affecting dyslipidemia were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#Totally 1 893 valid questionnaires were recovered. The respondents included 949 males (50.13%) and 944 females (49.87%), and had a mean age of (47.90±14.34) years. A total of 513 participants were detected with dyslipidemia, and the prevalence and standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia were 27.10% and 27.01%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypolipoproteinemia was 16.53%, 3.22%, 1.74% and 15.27%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.268-1.947), family history of stroke (OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1.192-2.270), hyperuricemia (OR=1.809, 95%CI: 1.370-2.388), central obesity (OR=1.423, 95%CI: 1.066-1.900), obesity (OR=1.736, 95%CI: 1.335-2.257), underweight (OR=0.171, 95%CI: 0.049-0.593) significantly correlated with dyslipidemia.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of dyslipidemia is lower than the national level among residents at ages of 15 to 69 years in Haining City, and hypertriglyceridemia and hypolipoproteinemia are predominant types of dyslipidemia. Male, obesity, family history of stroke and hyperuricemia are risk factors of dyslipidemia.

LINC00339 regulates proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of colon cancer cells by increasing expression of COMP via absorbing miR-873-5p / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of long non coding RNA (LncRNA) LINC00339 on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of colon cancer (CC) cells through regulating miR-873-5p/COMP axis. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of LINC00339, miR-873-5p and COMP in CC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were detected by means of CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry respectively. The targeting relationship between miR-873-5p and LINC00339 as well as COMP was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down. Results Compared with paracancer-ous tissues and normal colonic epithelial cells, the expressions of LJNC00339 and COMP were up-regulated while the expression of miR-873-5p was down-regulated in CC tissues and cells (all P < 0. 05). LINC00339 up-regulated the expression of COMP via competitive binding with miR-873-5p. Down-regulation of LINC00339 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CC cells and induced cell apoptosis, but the effects of LINC00339 knockdown on the biological behavior of CC cells was partially saved by miR-873-5p inhibitor (all P < 0. 05). LINC00339 increased the expression level of COMP via absorbing miR-873-5p, and the up-regulation of COMP partially saved the effects of LINC00339 knockdown on CC cells (all P <0.05). Conclusions LINC00339 promotes the proliferation and invasion while inhibits apoptosis of CC cells through regulating miR-873-5p/COMP axis.

Prefrontal Nectin3 Reduction Mediates Adolescent Stress-Induced Deficits of Social Memory, Spatial Working Memory, and Dendritic Structure in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Chronic stress may disrupt the normal neurodevelopmental trajectory of the adolescent brain (especially the prefrontal cortex) and contribute to the pathophysiology of stress-related mental illnesses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated how synaptic cell adhesion molecules (e.g., nectin3) are involved in the effects of adolescent chronic stress on mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Male C57BL/6N mice were subjected to chronic social instability stress from postnatal days 29 to 77. One week later, the mice exposed to chronic stress exhibited impaired social recognition and spatial working memory, simplified dendritic structure, and reduced spine density in the mPFC. Membrane localization of nectin3 was also altered, and was significantly correlated with behavioral performance. Furthermore, knocking down mPFC nectin3 expression by adeno-associated virus in adolescent mice reproduced the stress-induced changes in behavior and mPFC morphology. These results support the hypothesis that nectin3 is a potential mediator of the effects of adolescent chronic stress on prefrontal structural and functional abnormalities.

Preliminary study of the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia and liver function damage: a multicenter study / 中华肝脏病杂志

To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate. 32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34- ~ 21.15) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31- ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) mmol/L, respectively. The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients.

Adolescent stress increases depression-like behaviors and alters the excitatory-inhibitory balance in aged mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Depression affects approximately 5% of elderly people and its etiology might be related to chronic stress exposure during neurodevelopmental periods. In this study, we examined the effects of adolescent chronic social stress in aged mice on depressive behaviors and the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in stress-sensitive regions of the brain.@*Methods@#Sixty-four adolescent, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either the 7-week (from post-natal days 29 to 77) social instability stress (stress group, n = 32) or normal housing conditions (control group, n = 32). At 15 months of age, 16 mice were randomly selected from each group for a series of behavioral tests, including two depression-related tasks (the sucrose preference test and the tail suspension test). Three days following the last behavioral test, eight mice were randomly selected from each group for immunohistochemical analyses to measure the cell density of parvalbumin (PV+)- and calretinin (CR+)-positive gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory inter-neurons, and the expression levels of vesicular transporters of glutamate-1 (VGluT1) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in three stress-sensitive regions of the brain (the medial pre-frontal cortex [mPFC], hippocampus, and amygdala).@*Results@#Behaviorally, compared with the control group, adolescent chronic stress increased depression-like behaviors as shown in decreased sucrose preference (54.96 ± 1.97% vs. 43.11 ± 2.85%, t(22) = 3.417, P = 0.003) and reduced latency to immobility in the tail suspension test (92.77 ± 25.08 s vs. 33.14 ± 5.95 s, t(25) = 2.394, P = 0.025), but did not affect anxiety-like behaviors and pre-pulse inhibition. At the neurobiologic level, adolescent stress down-regulated PV+, not CR+, inter-neuron density in the mPFC (F(1, 39) = 19.30, P < 0.001), and hippocampus (F(1, 42) = 5.823, P = 0.020) and altered the CR+, not PV+, inter-neuron density in the amygdala (F(1, 28) = 23.16, P < 0.001). The VGluT1/VGAT ratio was decreased in all three regions (all F > 10.09, all P < 0.004), which suggests stress-induced hypoexcitability in these regions.@*Conclusions@#Chronic stress during adolescence increased depression-like behaviors in aged mice, which may be associated with the E/I imbalance in stress-sensitive brain regions.

Early-life stress alters sleep structure and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the nucleus accumbens in aged mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Exposure to adverse experiences in early life may profoundly reshape the neurodevelopmental trajectories of the brain and lead to long-lasting behavioral and neural alterations. One deleterious effect of early-life stress that manifests in later life is sleep disturbance, but this has not been examined in aged mice and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Considering the important role of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the sleep-wake regulation, this study aimed to assess the effects of early-life stress on the sleep behaviors in aged mice and the potential involvement of the NAc in stress-induced sleep abnormalities.@*Methods@#Twenty aged male C57BL/6 mice (>16 months, n = 10 per group) were used in this study. During post-natal days 2 to 9, dams were provided with either sufficient (control) or a limited nesting and bedding materials (stressed). When the mice were 16 to 17 months old, their sleep-wake behaviors were recorded over 24 h using electroencephalogram and electromyelogram. The amount of each sleep-wake stage, mean duration, and stage transition was analyzed. Then, five animals were randomly chosen from each group and were used to measure the expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGluT1) and vesicular transporters of γ-aminobutyric acid (VGAT) in the NAc using immunohistochemistry. Group comparisons were carried out using Student t test or analysis of variances when appropriate.@*Results@#Compared with the control mice, the early-life stressed aged mice spent less time awake over 24 h (697.97 ± 77.47 min vs. 631.33 ± 34.73 min, t17 = 2.376, P = 0.030), accordingly, non-rapid eye movement sleep time was increased (667.37 ± 62.07 min vs. 723.54 ± 39.21 min, t17 = 2.326, P = 0.033) and mean duration of rapid eye movement sleep was prolonged (73.00 ± 8.98 min vs. 89.39 ± 12.69 min, t17 = 3.277, P = 0.004). Meanwhile, we observed decreased VGluT1/VGAT ratios in the NAc in the stressed group (F(1, 16) = 81.04, P < 0.001).@*Conclusion@#Early adverse experiences disrupt sleep behaviors in aged mice, which might be associated with the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in the NAc.

Early-life stress alters sleep structure and the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the nucleus accumbens in aged mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Exposure to adverse experiences in early life may profoundly reshape the neurodevelopmental trajectories of the brain and lead to long-lasting behavioral and neural alterations. One deleterious effect of early-life stress that manifests in later life is sleep disturbance, but this has not been examined in aged mice and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Considering the important role of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the sleep-wake regulation, this study aimed to assess the effects of early-life stress on the sleep behaviors in aged mice and the potential involvement of the NAc in stress-induced sleep abnormalities.@*METHODS@#Twenty aged male C57BL/6 mice (>16 months, n = 10 per group) were used in this study. During post-natal days 2 to 9, dams were provided with either sufficient (control) or a limited nesting and bedding materials (stressed). When the mice were 16 to 17 months old, their sleep-wake behaviors were recorded over 24 h using electroencephalogram and electromyelogram. The amount of each sleep-wake stage, mean duration, and stage transition was analyzed. Then, five animals were randomly chosen from each group and were used to measure the expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGluT1) and vesicular transporters of γ-aminobutyric acid (VGAT) in the NAc using immunohistochemistry. Group comparisons were carried out using Student t test or analysis of variances when appropriate.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control mice, the early-life stressed aged mice spent less time awake over 24 h (697.97 ± 77.47 min vs. 631.33 ± 34.73 min, t17 = 2.376, P = 0.030), accordingly, non-rapid eye movement sleep time was increased (667.37 ± 62.07 min vs. 723.54 ± 39.21 min, t17 = 2.326, P = 0.033) and mean duration of rapid eye movement sleep was prolonged (73.00 ± 8.98 min vs. 89.39 ± 12.69 min, t17 = 3.277, P = 0.004). Meanwhile, we observed decreased VGluT1/VGAT ratios in the NAc in the stressed group (F(1, 16) = 81.04, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Early adverse experiences disrupt sleep behaviors in aged mice, which might be associated with the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in the NAc.

Adolescent stress increases depression-like behaviors and alters the excitatory-inhibitory balance in aged mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Depression affects approximately 5% of elderly people and its etiology might be related to chronic stress exposure during neurodevelopmental periods. In this study, we examined the effects of adolescent chronic social stress in aged mice on depressive behaviors and the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in stress-sensitive regions of the brain.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four adolescent, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either the 7-week (from post-natal days 29 to 77) social instability stress (stress group, n = 32) or normal housing conditions (control group, n = 32). At 15 months of age, 16 mice were randomly selected from each group for a series of behavioral tests, including two depression-related tasks (the sucrose preference test and the tail suspension test). Three days following the last behavioral test, eight mice were randomly selected from each group for immunohistochemical analyses to measure the cell density of parvalbumin (PV)- and calretinin (CR)-positive gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory inter-neurons, and the expression levels of vesicular transporters of glutamate-1 (VGluT1) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in three stress-sensitive regions of the brain (the medial pre-frontal cortex [mPFC], hippocampus, and amygdala).@*RESULTS@#Behaviorally, compared with the control group, adolescent chronic stress increased depression-like behaviors as shown in decreased sucrose preference (54.96 ± 1.97% vs. 43.11 ± 2.85%, t(22) = 3.417, P = 0.003) and reduced latency to immobility in the tail suspension test (92.77 ± 25.08 s vs. 33.14 ± 5.95 s, t(25) = 2.394, P = 0.025), but did not affect anxiety-like behaviors and pre-pulse inhibition. At the neurobiologic level, adolescent stress down-regulated PV, not CR, inter-neuron density in the mPFC (F(1, 39) = 19.30, P  10.09, all P < 0.004), which suggests stress-induced hypoexcitability in these regions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Chronic stress during adolescence increased depression-like behaviors in aged mice, which may be associated with the E/I imbalance in stress-sensitive brain regions.

Identification of a novel STK11 gene mutation in a family affected with hereditary Peutz-Jeghers syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic basis for a family affected with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and oral swab samples from the patient and her relatives. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze 106 target genes by capturing the exons and adjacent intronic regions. Suspected pathogenic mutation was verified by NGS. RESULTS A missense STK11 mutation was detected in the proband, which was not reported previously. The mutation has caused substitution of Leucine by Proline. NGS has detected the same mutation in the mother but not among other relatives. CONCLUSION This hereditary case of PJS may be attributed to the missense mutation of the STK11 gene.

Case control study on Mobi-C cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical decompression MC+fusion for the treatment of cervical spondylosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects and clinical indications between Mobi-C cervical artificial disc replacement (CADR) and MC+ anterior cervical decompression and fusion(ACDF) in treating cervical spondylosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 100 patients with cervical spondylosis treated ACDF or CADR from June 2009 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 53 males and 47 females, aged from 38 to 70 years old. Among them, 50 cases were treated by ACDF (ACDF group), follow-up time was for 22 to 42 months with an average of (32.24±5.20) months;other 50 cases were treated by CADR (CADR group), follow-up time was for 23 to 48 months with an average of (30.40±5.66) months. Odom criterion was used to evaluate the clinical effects in two groups. JOA score, including sensory function, motor function and bladder function was used to assess the spinal cord function. Preoperative and postoperative responsible intervertebral space heights, cervical curvatures were compared by image data between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions obtained good healing and no serious complications were found. At final follow-up, 30 cases got excellent results, 12 good, 8 fair in ACDF group;and 34 cases got excellent results, 10 good, 6 fair in CADR group;there was no significant difference between two groups(u=4.000, =0.827). At final follow-up, the scores of sensory function and motor function were obviously improved(<0.05), and bladder function had not obviously recovered (>0.05) in two groups;and CADR group in the scores of sensory function and motor function were obviously better than of ACDF group(<0.05). There was no significant difference in preoperative intervertebral space height, cervical curvature between two groups, and at final follow-up both had different recovered. The recovery of CADR group was obviously better than of ACDF group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CADR can quickly recover normal action for patients and retains the movement. CADR has certain advantages in recovering cervical curvature, improveing sensory function and motor function, but it is not able to completely replace ACDF.</p>

Associations Between Pericardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Energy Consumption / 中国循环杂志

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the of pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume and cardiovascular disease risk factors and energy consumption. Methods:From September 2014 to December 2015,we enrolled 152 inpatients underwent coronary artery CT examination due to suspected coronary heart disease in the Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.The volume of PAT was assessment by 64-slice CT, the energy consumption was assessment by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The clinical data, biochemical indexes, PAT volume were analyzed. Results : (1) PAT volume was significantly correlated with age, gender, BMI, HOMA-IR, FPG, HDL-C, TG, total physical activity energy consumption, total middle intensity physical activity energy consumption, total energy consumption of sedentary (P<0.05 or P<0.001); (2) PAT volume of patients with insulin resistance was significantly higher than those without insulin resistance; (3) Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, gender, BMI, total middle intensity physical activity energy consumption were independent predictors of PAT volume. Conclusions: Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume is associated with age, gender, systolic blood pressure, BMI, total middle intensity physical activity energy consumption.

Efficacy of percutaneous intervertebral foramen and TLIF in treatment of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of percutaneous intervertebral foramen and TLIF in the treatment of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation and the SF-36 score.Methods A total of 90 patients with extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation admitted in our hos-pital from March 2015 to March 2017 were selected as the subjects,who were divided into the control group ( traditional therapy) and the study group(percutaneous intervertebral foramen treatment), according to the different surgical methods,45 cases in each group.The treat-ment,pain,SF-36 score and other indicators of two groups were observed.Results The rate of excellence and good was 97.78% in the study group and 86.67% in the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The blood loss was (46.83 ± 3.64)mL in the study group and (79.32 ±5.47)mL in the control group,the difference was significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the scores of SF-36 and JOA between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),the improvement rate of the study group was more obvious (P<0.05).After treatment,TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous intervertebral foramen treatment of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation can reduce the intraoperative blood loss and improve the quality of life

Value of hsCRP and Alb in Evaluating the Prognosis of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of hsCRP and Alb in evaluating the prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>126 SLE patients from January 2011 to January 2016 were enrolled in this study, and their clinical data were collected, including SLEDAI, hsCRP and Alb and complications. The correlation between hsCRP/Alb ratio and SLEDAI after treatment was analyzed. All patients were followed up after discharge, and the prognosis-related factors were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, hsCRP/Alb ratio of patients with SLEDAI 10-14 score was significantly higher than that of 5-9 and 0-4 score(P<0.05). hsCRP/Alb ratio was positively correlated with infection (r=0.574), renal damage (r=0.499) and cardiac injury (r=0.516) (P<0.05), while it demonstrated no correlation with blood system damage, CNS damage and lung injury(P>0.05). after treatment SLEDAI ≥10 score, hsCRP/Alb≥0.05 mg/g and complications significantly correlated with prognosis of patients(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hsCRP/Alb correlates with the prognosis of patients with SLE at a certam level.</p>

Effects of rewarming interventions in hypothermia trauma patients:a network meta-analysis / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of multiple rewarming interventions in adult hypothermia trauma patients.Methods A systematic search of Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,CINAHL,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),VIP and Wan Fang Database was carried out to identify all randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and controlled clinical trials(CCTs) that explored the effects of rewarming interventions in adult hypothermia trauma patients.The quality of the literature was evaluated using JBI 2008 RCT and quasi-experimental study evaluation criteria.Data and network plot were analyzed and drawn by ADDIS 1.16.7 software.Results Totally 6 RCTs and 1 quasi-experimental design were included,involving 10 interventions and 619 patients.There was statistically significant difference in body temperature after rewarming between the warm blankets and the forced-air blankets in all rewarming measures.The results of the top three interventions were carbon-fiber heating blanket(set to 42℃),forced-air blankets,warmed intravenous fluids plus blanket which resulted from the primary outcome indicators.The incidence of chills and cold discomfort decreased with the use of forced-air blankets and chemical heat pad as compared with traditional warm blankets,while the heart rate of the patients who used chemical heating pads and continuous heating of carbon fiber blanket were declined more than those used normal blankets.Conclusion The effects of carbon-fiber heating blanket which set to 42°C was the best method in all rewarming interventions.But this conclusion still requires randomized controlled trials with larger sample size to further verify.

Effects of different light on the ethology and melatonin secretion in depressive rats / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of energy saving light,incandescent light and circadian light on the ethology of depressive rats and explore its possible mechanism on affecting the secretion of melatonin. METHODS: Thirty rats aged 6weeks were randomly selected from 40 specific pathogen free health female SD rats after they adapted to the living environment,depressive rat models were established in the rats by bilateral ovariectomy combined with isolated living and chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation at the age of 11-14 weeks. Then these 30 ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into 3 intervention groups,including an energy saving light group,an incandescent light group and a circadian light group,with 10 rats in each group. The rats in these 3 groups were given specific experimental light intervention for 3 weeks respectively at the age of 17 weeks. The other 10 rats were raised in conventional environment as the control group. Their body weights were measured at the age of 17,19,20 and 21 weeks. The ethology tests were carried out by sucrose preference test and the open-field test at the age of 7,14 and 20 weeks respectively. The melatonin levels in peripheral blood of 7 time points from 19: 30 to 8: 30 were measured in the rats at age of 21 weeks. One rat in each group at every time point was randomly selected for examination. RESULTS: At the age of 17 weeks before light-intervention,the body weights of rats in 4 groups showed no significant difference( P > 0. 05). After light-intervention,at the age of 17-20 weeks,the body weights of rats in 3 intervention groups were gradually increased with the increase of age( P < 0. 05).There was no significant difference between body weights of rats at the age of 21 weeks and those at the age of 20 weeks in each group( P > 0. 05). At age of 7 weeks,no significant differences were found in sucrose consumption and standing scores among these 4 groups( P > 0. 05). After the depressive models were established,at the age of 14 weeks before light-intervention,in rats of these 3 intervention groups,the sucrose consumption and standing scores were lower than those of the control group( P < 0. 05),and there was no significant difference found in the above 2 indexes among these 3intervention groups( P > 0. 05). At the age of 20 weeks after light-intervention,the sucrose consumption and standing scores were not significantly different from each other among the 4 groups( P > 0. 05). The peak levels of melatonin in the peripheral blood of rats in these 3 intervention groups were higher than that in the control group. The peak levels onsets of melatonin in peripheral blood of rats in the circadian light group and the energy saving light group were earlier or 2 hours delayed compared to that of control group,while it was similar between the incandescent light group and control group.CONCLUSION: The circadian light,the energy saving light and the incandescent light are similarly effective in improving the behaviors of depressive rats. The circadian light can delay the onset of peak level of melatonin in peripheral blood.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells may differentiate into Leydig cells through conditioned medium induction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of inducing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) to differentiate into Leydig cells through conditioned medium derived from Leydig cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HuMSCs and Leydig cells were obtained by tissue blocks culture attachment and enzymatic digestion respectively. HuMSCs were induced by conditioned medium of Leydig cells as an experiment group while those before induction were cultured as a control group. The expressions of LHR, 3β-HSD and StAR in the induced HuMSCs were determined by RT-PCR after 3, 7 and 10 days of culture; those of CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and 3β-HSD measured by immunofluorescence staining after 2 weeks; and that of 3β-HSD detected by Western blot after 4 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The experimental group showed positively expressed LHR, 3β-HSD and StAR at 3, 7 and 10 days, CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and 3β-HSD at 2 weeks, and 3β-HSD at 4 weeks, while the control group revealed negative expressions at all the time points.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Induced with conditioned culture medium derived from Leydig cells, HuMSCs are likely to differentiate into steroidogenic cells and eventually into Leydig cells.</p>

Molecular characterization of a HMG-CoA reductase gene from a rare and endangered medicinal plant, Dendrobium officinale / 药学学报

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate in mavalonic acid pathway, which is the first committed step for isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. However, it still remains unclear whether HGMR gene plays a role in the isoprenoid biosynthesis in Dendrobium officinale, an endangered epiphytic orchid species. In the present study, a HMGR encoding gene, designed as DoHMGR1 (GenBank accession JX272632), was identified from D. officinale using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods, for the first time. The full length cDNA of DoHMGR1 was 2 071 bp in length and encoded a 562-aa protein with a molecular weight of 59.73 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.18. The deduced DoHMGR1 protein, like other HMGR proteins, constituted four conserved domains (63-561, 147-551, 268-383 and 124-541) and two transmembrane motifs (42-64 and 85-107). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that DoHMGR1 had high identity (67%-89%) to a number of HMGR genes from various plants and was closely related to Vanda hybrid cultivar, rice and maize monocots. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that DoHMGR1 was expressed in the three included organs. The transcripts were the most abundant in the roots with 2.13 fold over that in the leaves, followed by that in the stems with 1.98 fold. Molecular characterization of DoHMGR1 will be useful for further functional elucidation of the gene involving in isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in D. officinale.

Clinical application of self-made drainage tube with balloon for iatrogenic colonic perforation / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical efficacy of colonic bypass drainage by self-made drainage tube with balloon for iatrogenic colonic perforation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of 8 patients with iatrogenic colonic perforations from January 2009 to March 2011 was performed. Self-made drainage tubes with balloon were placed in the bowel lumen endoscopically after perforations were closed with endoclips or endoloops under endoscope. The inflatable balloon at the front-end of the tube was fixed at the mouth side of colonic perforation to achieve continuous drainage of stool and intestinal juice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Endoscopic bypass continuous drainage by using self-made drainage tube with balloon was successfully carried out in all the 8 patients. All the perforations healed and no surgical intervention required. Bypass drainage continued for 3-10 days(mean 7.6 days). One patient received colonoscopy 3 days after the procedure, and displacement of the drainage tube was noticed requiring endoscopic adjustment. All the drainage tubes were removed uneventfully, and no ulceration or perforation occurred at balloon fixed site after removal. After follow up ranging from 12 to 36 months, no chronic fistula, adhesive obstruction, or abdominal infection occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Colonic bypass drainage by self-made drainage tube with balloon for iatrogenic colonic perforation is simple, feasible, safe and reliable.</p>