Analysis of phenotype formation mechanism of a new variety of Lonicera japonica Flos "Huajin 6" at long bud stage / 药学学报

Based on the long bud stage phenotype of a new Lonicera japonica Flos variety "Huajin 6", using "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" as materials, probing the mechanism of its phenotype formation. Detection of endogenous Jasmonic acid hormones (JAs) content; the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis of Lonicera japonica; flower buds and flowers of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" were collected at different periods, and the qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) technique was used to analyze the trend of the expression of synthesis-related enzyme genes in Lonicera japonica Flos during the bud stage. The study found that the content of JAs in "Huajin 6" Lonicera japonica Flos was significantly lower than that in "Da Mao Hua"; applying exogenous methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) to "Huajin 6" can restore its flowering phenotype, making it close to wild type Lonicera japonica Flos; there are significant differences in the expression of two allene oxide synthase genes (AOS), three lipoxygenase genes (LOX), and two allene oxide cyclase genes (AOC) in the flowers and buds of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" at different periods. It is hypothesized that the low expression of JA synthesis-related enzyme genes in " Huajin 6" leads to the blockage of JA synthesis, which causes the formation of the long bud phenotype. This study laid a certain foundation for the genetic breeding of Lonicera japonica, provided a new idea for the improvement of Lonicera japonica varieties, and provided a reference for the study of JAs in plant flower organs.

Clinical significance of benign liver function abnormality / 临床肝胆病杂志

Biochemical liver function tests are important methods to determine liver function in clinical practice， but abnormal liver biochemical parameters are not completely equivalent to liver damage. Some genetic and immune factors can also cause abnormal liver biochemical parameters， but with good prognosis in most cases. This article summarizes the causes of some benign abnormal liver biochemical parameters， so as to help clinicians to broaden their thinking of diagnosis and treatment， take into account genetic and immune factors， and avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Artificial intelligence recognition of bone marrow cells can be applied to diagnosis of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value and problems of artificial intelligence (AI) bone marrow cell recognition technology in the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) of leukemia.Methods:A total of 65 cases with minimal residual disease of leukemia confirmed by flow cytometry from the Hematology Medical Center of Xinqiao Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University (AMMU) from November 1 to December 31, 2020 were collected. The bone marrow Wright′s staining smears were obtained, and all bone marrow smears were scanned and classified automatically without artificial intervention by the analysis system based on Artificial Intelligence platform (morphogo). AI-MRD was defined to positive when the proportion of primary cells was more than 3%. According to the number of AI automatic recognition cells, the cases were divided into 18 cases of less than 500 (L500), 35 cases of 500 to 1900 (between 500 and 1900, B1900), and 12 cases of more than 1900 (M1900), no overlap or omission between groups. Kappa consistency test was performed on the results of artificial intelligence test and the results of flow cytometry for minimal residual disease of leukemia (MFC-MRD) in each group. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the artificial intelligence test results of each group of patients was drawn based on the MFC-MRD results, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the area under the curve (AUC) value and AI results were calculated.Results:After grouping according to the number of cells automatically recognized by AI, the detection results of L500 group were MFC-MRD+/AI-MRD+7 cases, MFC-MRD+/AI-MFC-2 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD+6 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD-3 cases; In B1900 group, MFC-MRD+/AI-MRD+13 cases, MFC-MRD+/AI-MFC-6 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD+6 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD-10 cases; The results of M1900 group were MFC-MRD+/AI-MRD+5 cases, MFC-MRD+/AI-MFC-0 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD+1 case, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD-6 cases. Taking MFC-MRD as the determination standard, the sensitivity of AI-MRD detection in L500 group, B1900 group and M1900 group was 53.8%, 68.4% and 83.3%, the specificity was 60%, 62.5% and 100%, the accuracy was 55.6%, 65.7% and 91.7%, and the AUC value were 0.568 P=0.654, 0.678 P=0.069,1.000 P=0.000. Conclusions:This study preliminarily explored the diagnostic value and problems of AI bone marrow cell recognition in the detection of minimal residual disease of leukemia. It was confirmed that when 3% of the proportion of blasts in AI cell classification is set>3% as the positive threshold of AI-MRD, the consistency between AI and MFC-MRD detection increases with the increase of the number of cells recognized by AI.

Clinical efficacy of free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap in repair of large wounds in upper limb / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To summarise the clinical efficacy of free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEPF) in repairing large wounds in upper limb.Methods:From June 2016 to March 2022, free DIEPF repair surgery were performed for 9 cases with large defects in elbow, forearm and wrist in the Department of Hand Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital. The patients were 3 males and 6 females at 36-65(average 50) years old. The sizes of defect ranged from 6.0 cm×7.0 cm to 25.0 cm×33.0 cm. Seven defects combined with radius-ulnar fracture, 4 with wrist fracture, 4 with metacarpal fracture and 1 with humerus fracture. All defects had various degrees of injuries of tendon, blood vessel and nerve. A total of 10 flaps were harvested, and the size of flaps were 7.0 cm×8.0 cm-12.0 cm×35.0 cm. Vessels in 7 flaps of 6 patients were anastomosed with unilateral vascular pedicles and 3 with bilateral vascular pedicles. End-to-end arterial anastomosis was performed on 1 flap, and the other 9 flaps of 8 patients had end-to-side arterial anastomoses. End-to-end vein anastomoses were performed on all flaps. Umbilical reconstruction was performed at the abdominal donor site for 3 patients, and all donor site wounds were closed in stage I surgery. Scheduled outpatient and WeChat follow-up were made after surgery.Results:Nine flaps in 8 patients survived successfully. Partial skin necrosis occurred in 1 flap and repaired by skin grafting. Follow-up lasted for 6 to 60 months(12 months in average). At the last follow-up, the colour of the flaps was found being similar to the surrounding skin with mildly bloated and soft in texture. Sensation of the flaps recovered to S 2 in 5 patients, and not detected in 4 cases. Conclusion:The free DIEPF has a relatively constant perforator and the flap can be used for repairing a large area of defect. The donor site wound can be closed in Ⅰ stage surgery. Free DIEPF is suitable for repair of large upper limb wounds.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of an artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment system for gastrointestinal endoscopy / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To analyze the cost-effectiveness of a relatively mature artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnosis and treatment system (ENDOANGEL) for gastrointestinal endoscopy in China, and to provide objective and effective data support for hospital acquisition decision.Methods:The number of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures at the Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected to predict the procedures of gastrointestinal endoscopy during the service life (10 years) of ENDOANGEL. The net present value, payback period and average rate of return were used to analyze the cost-effectiveness of ENDOANGEL.Results:The net present value of an ENDOANGEL in the expected service life (10 years) was 6 724 100 yuan, the payback period was 1.10 years, and the average rate of return reached 147.84%.Conclusion:ENDOANGEL shows significant economic benefits, and it is reasonable for hospitals to acquire mature AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment system for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Prenatal phenotypic analysis and genetic counseling for 22q11.21 microdeletion and microduplication syndrome / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the prenatal clinical phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with 22q11.21 microdeletion and microduplication syndrome to provide a basis for clinical genetic counseling.Methods:This retrospective study involved the cases diagnosed with 22q11.21 microdeletion or microduplication by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) due to abnormal ultrasound findings, advanced maternal age, or high-risk pregnancies indicated by serum screening in the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to January 2022. Clinical phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes of the fetuses were analyzed and described.Results:Among 9 141 cases referred for CMA during the study period, 77 cases (0.8%) were diagnosed as 22q11.21 microdeletion or microduplication, including 62 (80.5%) with 22q11.21 microdeletion and 15 (19.5%) with microduplication. In the 22q11.21 microdeletion cases, 58 had typical deletion, and four had atypical deletions, but all fetuses carried TBX1 gene that was clearly associated with congenital heart disease. The 15 fetuses with 22q11.21 microduplication including 14 in the typical region and one in the atypical region. Forty-eight (77.4%) out of the 62 fetuses with 22q11.21 microdeletion were complicated by congenital heart defects, including 28 with conotruncal defects. Five of the 15 fetuses with 22q11.21 microduplication were complicated by congenital heart defects. The cases were followed up on telephone at three to six months after the expected date of delivery. Among the 62 cases with 22q11.21 microdeletion, 52 terminated pregnancies, five were lost to follow-up, and five were delivered (one died after one month of premature delivery, one was born with anal advancement and growth retardation, and three were followed up without obvious abnormality). Among the 15 cases with 22q11.21 microduplication, four terminated pregnancies, two were lost to follow-up, and nine gave birth (eight were followed up without obvious abnormality, one grew slowly). Conclusions:The application of CMA in the prenatal diagnosis of 22q11.21 microdeletion and microduplication fetuses, and the comprehensive analysis of clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcome combined with ultrasonic diagnosis are of great significance in guiding the treatment and rehabilitation after birth of an affected child. Genetic counseling for cases with 22q11.21 microdeletion and microduplication syndrome should be cautious and consider ultrasound findings.

Reference ranges and influencing factors of thyroid function in preterm infants at 14 d after birth / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the reference ranges for thyroid function and its influencing factors in preterm infants at 14 d after birth.Methods:This retrospective study involved 514 preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria in Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021. They were divided into three group according to their gestational age [early premature group (26-31 +6 weeks, n=153), middle premature group (32-33 +6 weeks, n=129) and late premature group (34-36 +6 weeks, n=232)] or birth weight (BW) [<1 500 g group ( n=129), 1 500-2 000 g group ( n=120) and ≥2 000 g group ( n=265)]. Venous blood samples were collected from the infants at 14 d after birth and their thyroid function was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The reference values of free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were calculated based on the values of 95% confidence intervals ( CI) and expressed as percentiles in the range from P2.5 to P97.5. Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare those thyroid hormone levels between groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlation of gestational age or birth weight with FT 3, FT 4 and TSH levels. The factors influencing the levels of thyroid hormones were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:The reference ranges for FT 3, FT 4 and TSH were 1.53-3.72 pg/ml, 0.81-1.91 ng/dl and 1.32-7.80 μIU/ml in the early premature infants, 1.74-4.16 pg/ml, 0.90-2.82 ng/dl and 0.63-7.64 μIU/ml in middle prematures and 2.07-4.88 pg/ml, 1.09-2.27 ng/dl and 1.14-7.06 μIU/ml in late prematures. The reference ranges for the above three indexes were 1.53-4.06 pg/ml, 0.81-1.83 ng/dl and 1.14-7.84 μIU/ml in premature infants with BW<1 500 g, 1.67-3.98 pg/ml, 0.88-2.97 ng/dl and 0.94-7.64 μIU/ml in those whose BW between 1 500 g and 2 000 g and 1.91-4.75 pg/ml, 1.09-2.31 ng/dl and 1.14-6.32 μIU/ml in those whose BW≥2 000 g. Multiple linear regression showed that the level of FT 3 was positively correlated with gestational age ( β=0.119, P<0.05) and birth weight ( β=1.950×10 －4, P<0.05); that of FT 4 was positively correlated with gestational age only ( β=0.031, P<0.05); and TSH level was negatively correlated with birth weight ( β=－4.250×10 －4, P<0.05). Conclusions:Gestational age and birth weight are the factors influencing thyroid function in preterm infants at 14 d after birth. Evaluation of thyroid function with FT 4 and TSH should based on the references ranges of different gestational age and birth weight .

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and glycemic management in non-critical hospitalized patients / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

In recent years, with the continuous development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA), its role in the management of blood glucose in hospitalized patients has been explored. GLP-1RA can not only control blood glucose in non-critically ill hospitalized patients, but also inhibit appetite, delay gastric emptying, protect nerves, anti-inflammation, reduce systolic blood pressure and blood lipids. At the same time, many studies have found that it can also improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes and reduce the risk of hospitalization complications. Therefore, this paper analyzes the role of GLP-1RA in glycemic management by reviewing domestic and international studies, consensus and guidelines related to inpatient blood glucose management, and helps to better manage blood glucose of patients in non-critical care setting.

Establishment of a hyperuricemia rat model by stimulation of high temperature-humidity environment / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To establish a hyperuricemia rat model through the high temperature-humidity treatment, and monitor its vital signs and biochemical indicator characteristics, as well as observe the changes of renal histomorphology and ultrastructure.Methods:Male SD rats were randomly divided into control(CON) group, potassium oxonate(PO) group and high temperature-humidity(HTH) group, 6 rats each. The experiment lasted for 6 consecutive weeks. Rats from PO group was given 250 mg/kg PO by gavage every day. The rats from HTH group were treated with a special thermostatic incubator for one hour each day after gavaging 250 mg/kg PO. Serum uric acid, creatinine and other indicators were detected every 2 weeks. After 6 weeks, the kidney tissues were collected. The morphological changes and urate crystal deposition of kidney tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson′s trichrome staining and gomori staining, while the ultramicrostructural changes of kidney were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results:Two weeks after the experiment, the average serum uric acid values of PO group and HTH group increased significantly, HTH group was higher than PO and CON groups[(133.9±17.8), (107.6±12.4), and (85.7±4.1) μmol/L, P=0.001]. And after 6 weeks, the HTH group was still higher than the other two groups[(115.1±27.8), (82.7±13.9), and (72.9±17.8) μmol/L, P=0.008). The average serum creatinine in HTH group was slightly higher than that in PO group and CON group at 6 weeks[(46.2±4.7), (38.1±6.0), and (28.3±6.3) μmol/L, P=0.001]. Light microscope showed partial renal tubular dilatation in PO group, but renal tubular epithelial cells swelling and inflammatory cells infiltration were more significant in HTH group. The ultrastructural changes such as glomerular podocyte swelling were found in HTH group by transmission electron microscope. Conclusion:In this study, we had successfully established a hyperuricemia rat model by simulating the high temperature-humidity environment combined with potassium oxyzinate after 2 weeks of experiment. After 6 weeks of modeling, it was found that the high temperature-humidity induced rat models possessed a relatively higher and stabler serum uric acid level than that of the traditional chemical medicine induced rats. The method can be applied to the research of pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of hyperuricemia caused by high temperature-humidity environment.

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type Ⅱ: 2 cases report and literature review / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Osteosclerosis is a rare hereditary bone metabolic disease, characterized by increased bone mass and density caused by bone resorption disorders, and any abnormal mutation involving osteoclast maturation or function will lead to the occurrence of osteopetrosis. Clinically, the prevalence of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type Ⅱ(ADO-Ⅱ) is higher than that of other types of osteopetrosis, which involves multiple systems such as endocrine, bone, blood, nerve, ear-nose-throat, and oral cavity. Disease progression is insidious and easily overlooked, and there is no standard treatment. This article summarizes the clinical characteristics, examination data, diagnosis and treatment process of the two patients, analyzes multi-system symptoms, pathogenesis and treatment principles of the disease to improve the management of patients with ADO-Ⅱ.

Clinical and genetic analysis of five pedigree with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2(MODY2).Methods:Clinical data and laboratory results were collected from five MODY2 patients and their family members diagnosed in the Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism of Xi ′an Children′s Hospital in the recent two years. Whole exome sequencing was carried out on every proband to identify potential variants, then the suspected variants were verified with Sanger sequencing in family numbers.Results:Among the 5 probands, except for proband 4 who presented with polydipsia and polyuria, hyperglycemia in the rest of the children was accidentally identified. Urine routine, urinary protein, and blood lipid of the five probands were all normal, and HbA 1C was between 5.96% and 8.15%. Moreover, an important discovery in this study was that proband 5 had insulin resistance(IRS), which was different from previous studies. It was confirmed by genetic analysis that a glucokinase(GCK) gene variant existed in every MODY2 pedigree. There were four GCK variants in this study, including c. 146C>T(p.T49I), c. 1237T>G(p.Y413D), c. 683C>T(p.T228M) and c. 952G>T(p.G318W), among which the C. 1237T>G(P.y413d) and C. 952G>T(P.G318W) had not been reported till now. All probands received lifestyle intervention, and the blood glucose control was relatively stable. Conclusion:There is MODY2 patient complicated with IRS. MODY2 patients can be controlled well by lifestyle interventions. In addition, we discovered two novel variants of GCK, which extend the mutation spectrum of this gene.

Development of professional grief scale for medical postgraduate students and its reliability and validity / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To develop a professional grief scale for medical postgraduate students(PGS-MPS) and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the integrated model of professional grief, the initial item pool was formed after literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, group discussion, and 5 experts were invited to assess the relevance of the items and provided revision suggestion.A total of 506 valid questionnaires were collected.SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used to test its reliability and validity.Results:The PGS-MPS included 41 items, including the professional grief reaction subscale and disenfranchised grief subscale.The professional grief reaction subscale included emotional reaction (14 items), physiological and cognitive reaction (20 items), and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the two factors model was 52.908%.Disenfranchised grief subscale included 7 items, with a single dimension and a variance contribution rate of 51.730%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the model fitting well.The Cronbach’s α coefficients for the professional grief reaction subscale and disenfranchised grief subscale were 0.947 and 0.850, respectively.Conclusion:The PGS-MPS has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate professional grief of medical postgraduate students.

Triaging patients in the outbreak of COVID-2019 / 中国感染控制杂志

In the outbreak of COVID-19,triage procedures based on epidemiology were implemented in a local hospital in Changsha to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and avoid healthcare-associated infection.This re-trospective study analyzed the data collected during the triage period and found that COVID-19 patients were en-riched 7 folds into the Section A designated for patients with obvious epidemiological history.On the other side,nearly triple amounts of visits were received at the Section B for patients without obvious epidemiological history.8 COVID-19 cases were spotted out of 247 suspected patients.More than 50％of the suspected patients were submi-tted to multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Of the 239 patients who were diagnosed as negative of the virus infection,188 were successfully revisited and none was reported as COVID-19 case.Of the 8 COVID-19 patients,3 were confirmed only after multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis.Besides comorbidities,delayed sharing of epidemiological history added complexity to the diagnosis in practice.The triaging experience and strategy will be helpful for the control of infectious diseases in the future.

Gut microbiota profiles in the perioperative period and long-term postoperative period in children with ventricular septal defect treated with cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in the preoperative, short-term postoperative and long-term postoperative period at (15.61±4.51) months in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) of congenital heart disease (CHD) treated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods:A prospective study was conducted.In Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, 13 patients with VSD who were scheduled for CPB and additional 10 age- and gender-matched healthy infants as pre-CPB control group from January 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled.Fecal samples were collected at pre- and early post-CPB.Meanwhile, 18 gender- and CHD diagnosis and operation-matched patients at (15.61±4.51) months after CPB and 8 healthy age- and gender-matched children as long-term control group after CPB were also enrolled, and fecal samples were collected.16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples from all subjects were performed and comparing the differences in gut microbiota between two groups via comparing alpha and beta diversity, parameter test or nonparametric test, and LEfSe analysis.Results:Compared with those of pre-CPB control group, there was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota in the preoperative period of VSD children, with significantly increased abundances of Enterobacteriaceae and Shigella, and decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium (all P<0.05). The diversity of gut microbiota was comparable in VSD children before CPB and in the short period time after CPB (all P>0.05), except for the abundances of Clostridium and Streptococcus (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the relative abundances of other highly abundant gut bacteria between the two periods (all P>0.05). Compared with that in VSD children in the short period time after CPB, the abundances of short-chain fatty acids-producing microbes were significantly higher at (15.61±4.51) months postoperatively (all P<0.05), and the gut bacteria profile was similar to that of the long-term control group after CPB (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Gut microbiota imbalance exists in VSD children before CPB.The gut microbiota profile is not influenced by CPB, which returns normal at (15.61±4.51) months postoperatively.

Role of brown adipose tissue in phlegm-dampness metabolic syndrome based on infrared thermal imaging / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the infrared manifestation and role of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in phlegm-dampness me-tabolic syndrome(MS), and to provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. Subjects were selected from the department of endocrinology and ward in the South District of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from August 2021 to April 2022, including 20 in healthy control group, 40 in non phlegm-dampness MS group and 40 in phlegm-dampness MS group. General information, height and weight of the subjects were collected and body mass index(BMI) was calculated. Waist circumference(WC), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was measured. Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), leptin(LP), adiponectin(ADP) and fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21) were detected. The infrared thermal image of the supraclavicular region(SCR) of the subjects before and after cold stimulation test was collected by infrared thermal imager and the changes of infrared thermal image in the three groups were observed. In addition, the differences in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups were compared, and the changes of BAT in SCR were analyzed. The results showed compared with the conditions in healthy control group, the levels of WC, SBP, DBP, TG and FPG in MS groups were increased(P<0.01), and the HDL-C level was decreased(P<0.01). Compared with non phlegm-dampness MS group, phlegm-dampness MS group had higher conversion score of phlegm dampness physique(P<0.01). According to the infrared heat map, there was no difference in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups before cold stimulation. while after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS groups was lower than that in healthy control group(P<0.05). After cold stimulation, the maximum temperature of SCR and its arrival time in the three groups were as follows: healthy control group(3 min)>non phlegm-dampness MS group(4 min)>phlegm-dampness MS group(5 min). The thermal deviation of SCR was increased and the average body surface temperature of left and right sides were higher(P<0.01) in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, while the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with that in healthy control group, the elevated temperature between left and right sides was lower(P<0.01, P<0.05), and compared with that in non phlegm-dampness MS group, the elevated temperature of left side was lower(P<0.05). The changes of the average body surface temperature of SCR in the three groups were in the order of healthy control group>non phlegm-dampness MS group>phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with the conditions in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, FINS, BMI and FGF-21 levels were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05), while ADP level was decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in phlegm-dampness MS group. Moreover, the LP level in phlegm-dampness MS group was higher than that in non phlegm-dampness MS group(P<0.01). It was observed in clinical trials that after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS patients was lower than that of the healthy people; the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS patients, and the difference in their elevated temperature was lower than that in the other two groups. These characteristics provided objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. With abnormal BAT related indicators, it was inferred that the content or activity of BAT in SCR of phlegm-dampness MS patients were reduced. There was a high correlation between BAT and phlegm-dampness MS, and thus BAT might become an important potential target for the intervention in phlegm-dampness MS.

Echinacoside hampers malignant progression of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by modulating AKR1B10/ERK signal transduction / 中国中药杂志

This study analyzes the impact of echinacoside(ECH) in the proliferation, metastasis and adriamycin(ADR) resistance of breast cancer(BC) MCF-7 cells via the modulation of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member 10(AKR1B10)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathway. The chemical structure of ECH was firstly confirmed. MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentration(0, 10, 20, 40 μg·mL~(-1)) of ECH for 48 h. Western blot was used to analyze expression of AKR1B10/ERK pathway-associated proteins and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay to determine cell viability. MCF-7 cells were collected and classified into control group, ECH group, ECH + Ov-NC group, and ECH + Ov-AKR1B10 group. Then Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of AKR1B10/ERK pathway-associated proteins. CCK-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU) assay were used to examine cell proliferation. Cell migration was appraised with scratch assay, Transwell assay, and Western blot. Eventually, MCF-7 cells were treated with ADR for 48 h to induce ADR resistance. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was estimated based on terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and Western blot. Based on Protein Data Bank(PDB) and molecular docking, the binding affinity of ECH to AKR1B10 was assessed. Various doses of ECH decreased the expression of AKR1B10/ERK pathway-associated proteins in a dose-dependent manner and declined cell viability compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, 40 μg·mL~(-1) ECH blocked the AKR1B10/ERK pathway in MCF-7 cells and inhibited the proliferation, metastasis and ADR resistance of the cells. Compared with the ECH + Ov-NC group, ECH + Ov-AKR1B10 group showed the recovery of some biological behaviors of MCF-7 cells. ECH also targeted AKR1B10. ECH can inhibit the proliferation, metastasis, and ADR resistance of BC cells by blocking AKR1B10/ERK pathway.

Mechanism of Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats Exposed to Arsenic and/or Fluoride Based on Microbiome and Metabolome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level (microbiome and metabolome).@*METHODS@#We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period.@*RESULTS@#Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome，featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated.@*CONCLUSION@#Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.

Recent Research Progress on CircRNA in Hematological Malignancies--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Most hematological tumors have high-grade malignancy and low cure rate, requiring new molecular markers for detection and evaluation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures, which participate in gene transcription and translation by binding to microRNAs and proteins. In recent years, with the deepening research on circRNAs, circRNAs have been found to play an important role in hematological malignancies. In this review, the latest research progress on the function and molecular mechanism of circRNAs in hematological malignancies was systematically summarized, and it was found that circRNAs may be potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies.

The Relationship between Occurrence of aGVHD in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immune Cell Components in Graft / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and various immune cell composition in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 104 patients with AML undergoing allo-HSCT in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the hematopoietic reconstitution and occurrence of GVHD were analyzed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of various types of immune cells in the grafts, the number of graft composition in patients with different degrees of aGVHD was calculated and compared, and to analyze the correlation between the severity of aGVHD in AML patients after allo-HSCT and the immune cell components in the graft.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the time of hematopoietic reconstitution between the high number group of total number of nucleated cells (TNC) and the low number group, while the time of neutrophil and platelet reconstruction in the high number of CD34 group was significantly faster than that in the low number of CD34 group (P＜0.05), and the total hospital stay also tends to be shorten. Compared with patients in 0-Ι aGVHD group, both HLA-matched and HLA-haploidentical transplantation, the infusion amounts of CD3+ cells, CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, NK cells and CD14+ monocytes were higher in patients of Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group， but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); In addition, in patients with HLA-haploidentical transplantation, the number of CD4+CD25+ cells in Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD group was significantly lower than that in 0-Ι aGVHD group (P<0.05), and the same trend was also observed in HLA-matched transplanted patients, but the difference was not significant (P=0.078).@*CONCLUSION@#High number of CD34+ cells in the graft is beneficial to hematopoietic reconstitution in AML patients. To a certain degree, high number of CD3+ cells, CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, NK cells and CD14+ cells tend to increase the occurrence of aGVHD, but high number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is beneficial to reduce the incidence of aGVHD in AML patients.