RESUMEN
Numerous studies have proved the close relationship between early adverse exposure and hypertension in later life, as a result, the blood pressure developmental programming theory has been proposed.The renin-angiotensin system(RAS) is an important endocrine system for maintaining blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis, which also plays a key role in histogenesis in early period.Adverse environmental exposure in early life influences the expression of RAS in circulation and local tissue, and interferes the balance of RAS,therefore regulates the blood pressure in later life.This review focuses upon the influence of RAS by early adverse exposure,the relation between RAS and developmental programming for hypertension.
RESUMEN
The aim of this research is to find an effective cardiomyocyte-induced method derived from porcine amniotic fluid stem cells (pAFS). For cardiac differentiation, the cells were formed embryoid bodies (EBs) firstly, then cultured in induced-medium including 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and vitamin C (Vc). We detected the specific markers of cardiomyocyte by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that some embryoid bodies beat rhythmically after 10 days of induction. Furthermore, analysis of t test revealed that the percentage of beating cardiomyocyte-like cell clusters was highest (33%) when induction using 0.1 mmol/L Vc and 5 micromol/L 5-aza. Immunocytochemistry analysis demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-like cell clusters expressed alpha-actin, Tnni3. RT-PCR analysis also illustrated that TbX5, Gata4, alpha-MHC and Tnni3 were expressed positive in cardiomyocyte-like cell clusters. Especially, we observed basic structures of myocardium, such as myofilament, glycogen granule and so on by transmission electron microscope. In conclusion, 5-azacytidine and vitamin C could promote differentiation of pAFS into myocardium.