Improvement of cognitive function by escitalopram and paroxetine in patients with first-episode depressive disorder and its relationship with thyroid hormone levels / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorder is high， and the causes and mechanisms of which deserve more attention. It is usual that the thyroid hormone levels in patients with depressive disorder alter. Further research is needed to explore whether the cognitive function changes in patients with depressive disorder are related to thyroid hormone levels. ObjectiveTo explore the improvement of cognitive function in patients with first-episode depressive disorder after escitalopram and paroxetine treatment， and to analyse its correlation with thyroid hormone levels， so as to look for potential biomarkers of cognitive function change in patients with depressive disorder. MethodsFrom March 2021 to March 2022， 120 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） for depression and were hospitalized at Shandong Mental Health Center were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into two groups by random number table method with 60 patients in each group. The two groups were treated with escitalopram （starting dose 5 mg/d） and paroxetine （starting dose 20 mg/d） for 6 weeks. Before and 6 weeks after the treatment， levels of thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH）， free thyroxine （FT4） and free triiodothyronine （FT3） were tested respectively. Depression degree and cognitive function level were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） and Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）， respectively. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the MoCA score difference before and after the treatment and the post-treatment level of thyroid hormone. ResultsBefore and 6 weeks after the treatment， the time effect of HAMD-17 total score in both groups was statistically significant （F=1 236.568， P<0.01）. Also， the time effect， group effect as well as interaction effect of time and group of MoCA total score in both groups were statistically significant （F=79.186， 6.026， 20.417， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The time effect， group effect as well as the interaction effect of time and group for FT3 level and FT4 level were statistically significant in both groups （F=75.973， 20.287， 0.961， 84.194， 0.142， 8.299， P<0.05 or 0.01）. According to the simple effect analysis. After the treatment， the MoCA total score in both groups was higher than that before treatment， while FT3 and FT4 levels were lower than those before treatment （F=15.864， 5.421， 8.524， 6.443， 7.628， 3.639， P<0.01）. After the 6-week treatment， the MoCA total score as well as FT3 and FT4 level differences in escitalopram and paroxetine groups were of statistical significance （t=5.841， -0.705， -2.349， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The MoCA score difference before and after treatment in paroxetine group was positively correlated with FT3 and FT4 levels after treatment （r=0.276， 0.382， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionBoth escitalopram and paroxetine can improve cognitive function in patients with first-episode depressive disorder. The improvement may be related to the changes in serum FT3 and FT4 levels.

Self-injury and changes of hormone level / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Self-injury has become a significant public health problem, especially happens in adolescents. Previous studies have suggested that self-injury is related to numerous factors. At present, the occurrence mechanism of self-injury is still unclear, and there is a lack of reliable biological markers in its diagnosis and therapeutic target so far. Previous studies have suggested that self-injury may be related to hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA) axis, β-endorphins, opioids and other hormones. Hypothalamic pituitary thyroid(HPT) axis and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal(HPG) axis are endocrine systems connecting nerves and hormones. Many studies suggested that various hormones in HPT axis and HPG axis of self-injury patients with other mental disorders (such as major depression and bipolar disorder) were abnormal. At present, there are few studies on the relationship between self-injury and HPT axis and HPG axis. There are differences in results even among studies on the same hormones, and some studies involve suicide attempts and even behaviors. Some studies have confirmed that self-injury is related to suicide, expanding the possibility of exploring the correlation between self-injury and hormones. This study will review the relationship between self-injury and hormonal changes.

Postpartum depression: association with genetic polymorphisms of noradrenaline metabolic enzymes and the risk factors / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of norepinephrine metabolizing enzymes with postpartum depression and analyze the risk factors for postpartum depression in women following cesarean section.@*METHODS@#A total of 591 Chinese woman of Han Nationality undergoing caesarean section were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of postpartum depression was established for an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥9. For all the women without antepartum depression, the genotypes of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; at 5 sites including rs2020917 and rs737865) and monoamine oxidase A (rs6323) were determined using Sequenom Mass Array single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. We analyzed the contribution of the genetic factors (SNPs, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype) to postpartum depression and performed logistic regression analysis to identify all the potential risk factors for postpartum depression and define the interactions between the genetic and environmental factors.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of postpartum depression was 18.1% in this cohort. Univariate analysis suggested that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postpartum depression ( < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype), severe stress during pregnancy, and domestic violence were the risk factors for postpartum depression ( < 0.05); no obvious interaction was found between the genetic polymorphisms and the environmental factors in the occurrence of postpartum depression.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rs2020917TT and rs737865GG genotypes of COMT, stress in pregnancy, and domestic violence are the risk factors for postpartum depression.

Protective effects of total flavonoids extraction from ficus lacor leaves on A549 cells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the extraction method of total flavonoids from the leaves of ficus lacor and the protec tive effects of extraction on the cellular damage to provide a basis for the research on the phamaceutical value of ficus lacor leaves.Methods The ethanol extraction method was adopted to extract the total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor and the extraction efficiency was calculated with rutin as the standard.The rotenone induced human lung adenocarcinoma cellular damage served as the model,then the influencesof the extraction on the cellular viability,cellular morphology,production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were researched.Results The extraction efficiency of total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor by 60％ ethanol was 5.02％;the extraction at the concentration of 32 mg/L could significantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability,cellular shape change,ROS production and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by 100μg/L rotenone.Conclusion The ethanol extraction method can be used to extract the total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor and the extraction has the protective effects on the A549 cellular dam age induced by rotenone,the leaves of ficus lacor have the potential for further researching its pharmaceutical value.

Correlations between BDNF genetic polymorphism and postpartum depression in cesarean section parturient / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the correlations between the genetic polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the postpartum depression (PPD) in cesarean section parturient. Methods Three hundred and sixty parturients, who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia from Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015 in Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University or Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, were selected as subjects. The general information of parturients was recorded and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate the depression condition of parturients at the prenatal 1 day and the 42th day postpartum, and with a cut-off point of 12/13 for identifying PPD. The genotypes of BDNF gene locus G712A, rs56164415, rs11030100, rs11030101 and rs6265 were measured by Sequenom? Mass Array SNP. Finally, the correlations of PPD to different genotypes and general information of parturients were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of PPD among the selected subjects was 7.2%. Pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count, prenatal depression mood and BDNF gene locus rs6265 mutation all could affect the incidence of PPD in cesarean section parturients (P0.05), and their haploid forms were not related to PPD also. Conclusion BDNF rs6265CC genotype, pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count and prenatal depression mood are the risk factors for postpartum depression.

Cell-penetrating peptdie based on peptide array technique inhibiting NR2B phosphorylation in inflammato-ry pain rats / 实用医学杂志

Objective We used peptide array technique to construct a peptide FynP inhibiting the interac-tion between Fyn and PSD95 in vitro therefor with a potential for inbiting NR2B phosphorylation level(p-NR2B). This experiment was designed to examine whether FynP(deliverd with TAT-LK15)can inhibit interaction between Fyn and PSD95 in inflammatory pain rats,and therefore inhibit NR2B phosphorylationin in vivo. Methods TAT-LK15 was complexed with FynP(cell-penetrating peptide Tat-LK15/FynP)or scrambled control FynP(Tat-LK15/mFynP). Changes of p-NR2B were detected using western-blot in SCDH of chronic inflammatory pain rats following intraperitoneal injection of Tat-LK15/FynP,meanwhile,the effect of Tat-LK15/FynP on the interaction between Fyn and PSD-95 was tested by co-immunoprecipitation. Pain control efficacy was evaluated by changes of mechani-cal withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal duration(TWL)in these rats. Results Interaction be-tween Fyn and PSD-95 was efficiently inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of TAT-LK15/FynP complexes while in-jection of FynP or TAT-LK15/mFynP complexes did not show this inhibitory effect. NR2B phosphorylation level was also inhibited by injection of TAT-LK15/FynP,and the changes of p-NR2B levels were reduced by 52%compared to chronic inflammatory pain rats without treatment. FynP or TAT-LK15/mFynP did not show this effect. Moreover, injection of TAT-LK15/FynP complexes significantly reduced MWT and increased TWL of chronic inflammatory pain rats accordingly. Conclusion FynP delivered by Tat-LK15 can perturb Fyn and PSD95 interaction and then inhibit NR2B phosphorylation activation therfor relieve chronic inflammatory pain.

Cell-penetrating peptdie based on peptide array technique inhibiting NR2B phosphorylation in inflammato-ry pain rats / 实用医学杂志

Objective We used peptide array technique to construct a peptide FynP inhibiting the interac-tion between Fyn and PSD95 in vitro therefor with a potential for inbiting NR2B phosphorylation level(p-NR2B). This experiment was designed to examine whether FynP(deliverd with TAT-LK15)can inhibit interaction between Fyn and PSD95 in inflammatory pain rats,and therefore inhibit NR2B phosphorylationin in vivo. Methods TAT-LK15 was complexed with FynP(cell-penetrating peptide Tat-LK15/FynP)or scrambled control FynP(Tat-LK15/mFynP). Changes of p-NR2B were detected using western-blot in SCDH of chronic inflammatory pain rats following intraperitoneal injection of Tat-LK15/FynP,meanwhile,the effect of Tat-LK15/FynP on the interaction between Fyn and PSD-95 was tested by co-immunoprecipitation. Pain control efficacy was evaluated by changes of mechani-cal withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal duration(TWL)in these rats. Results Interaction be-tween Fyn and PSD-95 was efficiently inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of TAT-LK15/FynP complexes while in-jection of FynP or TAT-LK15/mFynP complexes did not show this inhibitory effect. NR2B phosphorylation level was also inhibited by injection of TAT-LK15/FynP,and the changes of p-NR2B levels were reduced by 52%compared to chronic inflammatory pain rats without treatment. FynP or TAT-LK15/mFynP did not show this effect. Moreover, injection of TAT-LK15/FynP complexes significantly reduced MWT and increased TWL of chronic inflammatory pain rats accordingly. Conclusion FynP delivered by Tat-LK15 can perturb Fyn and PSD95 interaction and then inhibit NR2B phosphorylation activation therfor relieve chronic inflammatory pain.

Fundamental Research on Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Tanshinone ⅡA / 中国中医药信息杂志

Tanshinone ⅡA is one of the main effective components in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It plays a role in the resistance to atherosclerosis by participating in anti-inflammatory in vascular wall, such as the regulating endothelial cell apoptosis and correcting lipid metabolism disorder. This article summarized recent researches of the basic role of tanshinone ⅡA in the resistance to atherosclerosis and provided references for clinical application of antiatherosclerotic effect of tanshinone ⅡA.