Comparison of protective effects of safflor injection and extract of Ginkgo biloba on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effects of safflor Injection (SI) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vivo rabbit model of LIRI was reconstructed. Forty rabbits were randomly and equally divided into four groups: sham-operation group (sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (model group), ischemia-reperfusion plus SI group (safflor group) and ischemia-reperfusion plus EGB injection group (EGB group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in serum were measured. The wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissue and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also tested. Ultrastructure change of the lung tissue was observed by the electron microscope. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the model group, MDA and XO increased and SOD decreased in serum compared with the sham group (P<0.01). The values of W/D, MPO and ICAM-1 of the model group were higher than those of the sham group (P<0.01), but those of the safflor group and EGB group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01). The IHC demonstrated that ICAM-1 expression in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than those of the safflor group (P<0.01). Compared with safflor group, in the EGB group MDA, XO, MPO decreased, SOD and ICAM-1 expression increased (P<0.05), but the change of W/D was not statistically significant (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SI and EGB may attenuate LIRI through antioxidation, inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. But EGB had more effect on the antioxidation, while SI did better on regulating ICAM-1 expression.</p>

RP-HPLC-DAD detrmination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, iuteolin and apigenin in marchantia convoluta

High performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector [HPLC-DAD] has been reported to quantify isolated flavonoids or these compounds in complex biological matrices, such as Chinese herbal drugs and products from factories. This work was designed, therefore, to develop an HPLC-DAD system to separate quercetin, luteolin and apigenin and to quantify them in extractive solutions from Marchantia convoluta. Flavonoids were analyzed on a Kromasil RP-C[18] column; using a mobile phase, consisted of methanol- acetonitrile-acetic acid-phosphoric acid-H[2]O [200:100:10:10:200, V/V]; under the following conditions: detecting wavelength, 352 nm; flow rate, 0.60 ml/min; the sensitivity, 0.05 AUFS and the volume of injecting sample, 6.0 micro l. The HPLC system was operated at ambient temperature [28 +/- 1°C]. The method showed linearity for quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in the range 2.0-20.8, 2.2-24.0 and 1.6-20.0 micro g/ml respectively, and the R.S.D. of the slope of the three lines was, respectively, 0.33%, 1.21% and 2.49% for quercetin, luteolin and apigenin. The aqueous and ethanol 80% extractive solutions showed linear response 1.5-15 micro l/ml and ethanol 50% extractive solution in range 1.0-10 micro l/ml. Precision and accuracy were determined for ethanol 80% extractive solution, in concentration of 10 micro l/ml. The recoveries were 95.92-98.10%, 92.18-95.13% and 98.72-103.19% for quercetin, luteolin and apigenin respectively. RSD of results was 2.83-3.62%. The HPLC method showed an excellent performance in separating the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and apigenin in Marchantia convoluta extracts, since the presence of interference has been previously evaluated and the mobile phase was chose carefully